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Although living in diverse communities can affect socio-political views, studies rarely--if ever--assess mediators of the relationship between macro-level diversity and individual-level intergroup attitudes. According to the Dual Process Model of Ideology and Prejudice, community-level diversity should correlate negatively with right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) by reducing dangerous and competitive worldviews, respectively. Study 1 examined these hypotheses using a nationwide random sample of New Zealand Europeans (N = 11,007) nested in 254 communities. As hypothesised, community-level diversity had specific negative indirect effects on between-level variability in RWA and SDO via reductions in dangerous and competitive worldviews, respectively. Study 2 pursued a longitudinal follow-up (N = 9,355) and showed that dangerous and competitive worldviews predicted increases in RWA and SDO (respectively) a year later. Collectively, these results demonstrate that living in diverse communities can improve intergroup attitudes by reducing perceptions that the world is a dangerous and competitive place. Keywords: Dual Process Model, Social Dominance, Authoritarianism, Diversity, Worldviews, Multilevel Modelling, INTRODUCTION 'When Mexico... sends its people... they're sending people that [sic] have lots of problems, and they're bringing those problems to us. They're bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. [...]

Longitudinal studies into the relationship between affect (positive or negative feelings) towards one's own ethnic group and wellbeing are rare, particularly for Indigenous peoples. In this paper, we test the longitudinal effects of in-group warmth (a measure of ethnic identity affect) and ethnic identity centrality on three wellbeing measures for New Zealand Maori: life satisfaction (LS), self-esteem (SE), and personal wellbeing (PW). Longitudinal panel data collected from Maori (N = 3803) aged 18 or over throughout seven annual assessments (2009-2015) in the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study were analyzed using latent trajectory models with structured residuals to examine cross-lagged within-person effects. Higher in-group warmth towards Maori predicted increases in all three wellbeing measures, even more strongly than ethnic identity centrality. Bi-directionally, PW and SE predicted increased in-group warmth, and SE predicted ethnic identification. Further, in sample-level (between-person) trends, LS and PW rose, but ethnic identity centrality interestingly declined over time. This is the first large-scale longitudinal study showing a strong relationship between positive affect towards one's Indigenous ethnic group and wellbeing. Efforts at cultural recovery and restoration have been a deliberate protective response to colonization, but among Maori, enculturation and access to traditional cultural knowledge varies widely. The data reported here underline the role of ethnic identity affect as an important dimension of wellbeing and call for continued research into the role of this dimension of ethnic identity for Indigenous peoples., Author(s): Carla Houkamau [sup.1] , Petar Milojev [sup.2] , Lara Greaves [sup.3] , Kiri Dell [sup.1] , Chris G Sibley [sup.2] , Jean Phinney [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.9654.e, 0000 [...]

: Objective: We investigated the characteristics of loneliness by identifying distinct ‘profiles’ of loneliness and investigating transitions between those loneliness profiles over two years. Method: We conducted Latent Transition Analyses on two years of data from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study (N=15,820) and modelled how people's health and age were associated with changes in profile membership. Results: Four loneliness profiles emerged: ‘low‐loneliness’ (58% of the sample), ‘high‐loneliness’ (5%), ‘appreciated outsiders’ (28%; perceived acceptance from others but felt like social outsiders), and ‘superficially connected’ (9%; lacked acceptance from others but felt socially included). Profile membership was relatively stable over time and transitions were most likely from higher to lower loneliness. Younger people and people reporting poorer health were more likely to transition into profiles with greater loneliness indicators. Conclusions: Findings replicated a four‐profile pattern of loneliness, supported the theorised ‘trait‐like’ structure of loneliness and identified the possibility that moderate states of loneliness are transitional states into/from low and high loneliness. Implications for public health: The stability of loneliness across years reiterates the need for societal interventions, particularly interventions that are adaptive to whether people's loneliness forms as a lack of acceptance/value or a lack of social inclusion., Loneliness is the social pain or aversive feeling of longing that occurs when people's perceived relationship experiences fall short of their desires for relationships.[sup.1-4] Specifically, a person's felt loneliness is [...]

This study presents the Broad Inventory of Specific Life Events (BISLE), a comprehensive inventory and coding schedule that categorizes a far wider range of life events occurring in the past year than those covered in previous inventories. The BISLE uses a checklist of select probe events combined with a coding scheme for qualified responses to an open-ended question capturing the broad range of other events people perceive as being important to them in the past year. We demonstrate the utility of the BISLE using a large-scale national probability New Zealand sample (N = 47,951). Life events relating to health (29.65%), death (21.25%), work (13.78%), and relationships (9.61%) were the most frequently reported as having occurred in the past year. Further, women, younger people, and ethnic minority group members reported more overall annual events. Coding of open-ended responses from the BISLE demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability. Validation analyses indicated that the BISLE predicted key outcomes in expected directions, including life satisfaction and psychological distress. The BISLE was developed for large-scale panel studies with limited space that could benefit from capturing self-reports of diverse life events occurring in people's lives over a given timeframe. Keywords: Major life events, life events inventory, prevalence, demographic differences, validity, inter-rater reliability, Introduction Stressors--exposure to environmental demands that cause stress--play a critical role in people's health and well-being (Wethington, 2016). Research typically categorizes stressors by (a) daily hassles which require little adaptation [...]

Is it possible to predict COVID-19 vaccination status prior to the existence and availability of COVID-19 vaccines? Here, we present a logistic model by regressing decisions to vaccinate in late 2021 on lagged sociodemographic, health, social, and political indicators from 2019 in a sample of New Zealand adults aged between 18 and 94 (Mage = 52.92, SD = 14.10; 62.21% women; N = 5324). We explain 31% of the variance in decision making across New Zealand. Significant predictors of being unvaccinated were being younger, more deprived, reporting less satisfaction with general practitioners, lower levels of neuroticism, greater levels of subjective health and meaning in life, higher distrust in science and in the police, lower satisfaction in the government, as well as political conservatism. Additional cross-sectional models specified using the same, and additional COVID-19-specific factors are also presented. These findings reveal that vaccination decisions are neither artefacts of context nor chance, but rather can be predicted in advance of the availability of vaccines. Keywords: COVID-19, vaccination, Aotearoa New Zealand, Introduction At the time of writing in December 2021, Aotearoa New Zealand had just transitioned to a 'traffic light' system for managing COVID-19 in which freedoms were introduced for vaccinated [...]

Introduction: In this longitudinal study, we examine the potential costs and benefits of humility for well-being and civic trust among immigrants in a pluralistic democracy. Methods: With data from 14,864 immigrant participants from a nationwide random sample in New Zealand, we used multilevel modeling to examine the associations of general humility (i.e., honesty-humility modesty) with well-being (life satisfaction and meaning) and civic trust (trust in police) over time in contexts with varying levels of ethnic deprivation and perceived religious discrimination. We hypothesized that (a) humility would correlate positively with well-being and civic trust (Hypothesis 1), (b) these associations would be attenuated in the contexts where perceptions of ethnic deprivation and religious discrimination are high (Hypothesis 2), and (c) these interaction effects would become more pronounced when cultural identities are salient (Hypothesis 3). Results: Multilevel modeling revealed partial support for these hypotheses. Although humility correlated positively with well-being and trust in police over time, the twoway and three-way interactions did not yield substantial support for Hypotheses 2 and 3, respectively. The context of religious discrimination did, however, marginally attenuate the positive association between humility and trust in police. Discussion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that humility is associated with multiple benefits to well-being and civic trust and has few--if any--potential drawbacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]