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Introduction Oral carcinoma has been reported at a substantial proportion in patients who never smoke and never drink. However, the proportion may vary by subsite and ethnicity.

Human papillomavirus-induced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (p16+ OPC) is considered a unique disease entity. Despite highly successful clinical management using (chemo-) radiotherapy, late toxicities cause terrible distress to the patients. Reducing these complications and maintaining a good quality of life are crucial.A 64-year-old woman presented with complaints of a mass on the right side of the neck without pharyngeal symptoms. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed accumulation in the right tonsil. The oropharyngeal tumor and involved lymph node were biopsied, and p16-positive squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed on histopathological analysis. Induction chemotherapy (ICT) was administered using intravenous docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil. Subsequently, primary transoral resection and neck dissection were performed. The patient is alive with no pharyngeal complications 43 months postoperatively.Surgical intervention after ICT is attractive as a therapeutic strategy for reducing late toxicity. p16+ OPC may be potentially curable without the use of radiation.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic disease causing renal cysts. Reports on kidney cyst infection in children are rare despite cyst infections being important complications of ADPKD. Here, we report a case of a child without any medical history who had a urinary tract infection with sepsis at 7 months. Leukocyturia persisted despite antibiotic therapy because the infection was treatment-resistant. Initial ultrasound and contrast computed tomography were inconclusive because cysts could not be detected clearly, and a family history of renal cysts was not determined. Subsequently, history of paternal renal cysts, thick walls in infectious cystic lesions on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and multiple small lesions with high signals on T2-weighted imaging in both kidneys became apparent. Upon diagnosis of ADPKD with cyst infection, antibiotic therapy was switched from cefotaxime to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole to achieve better cyst penetration, which successfully resolved the infection. In this patient, MRI was effective for clear visualization and diagnosis of infectious lesions and small cysts in undiagnosed ADPKD with cyst infection. Administering antibiotics with better cyst penetration is important. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is an option for use in children. This is the first case report that describes ADPKD with cyst infection in an infant in detail.

The elevated glycation of macromolecules by the reactive dicarbonyl and α-oxoaldehyde methylglyoxal (MG) has been associated with diabetes and its complications. We have identified a rare flavone, fisetin, which increases the level and activity of glyoxalase 1, the enzyme required for the removal of MG, as well as the synthesis of its essential co-factor, glutathione. It is shown that fisetin reduces two major complications of diabetes in Akita mice, a model of type 1 diabetes. Although fisetin had no effect on the elevation of blood sugar, it reduced kidney hypertrophy and albuminuria and maintained normal levels of locomotion in the open field test. This correlated with a reduction in proteins glycated by MG in the blood, kidney and brain of fisetin-treated animals along with an increase in glyoxalase 1 enzyme activity and an elevation in the expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of glutathione, a co-factor for glyoxalase 1. The expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), serum amyloid A and serum C-reactive protein, markers of protein oxidation, glycation and inflammation, were also increased in diabetic Akita mice and reduced by fisetin. It is concluded that fisetin lowers the elevation of MG-protein glycation that is associated with diabetes and ameliorates multiple complications of the disease. Therefore, fisetin or a synthetic derivative may have potential therapeutic use for the treatment of diabetic complications.

La edificación consta de un cuerpo principal, formado por tres bloques paralelos adosados, y dos bloques en L, unidos a los anteriores mediante pasillos, creando grandes patios. Está organizada en cuatro plantas de distintas alturas, según su función, más un sótano bajo el cuerpo principal que aloja la maquinaria de las instalaciones. Otros dos sótanos, situados bajo la plaza peatonal conformada entre los bloques en L, proveen de aparcamiento suficiente para las necesidades previstas. Esta edificación comprende: una sala principal de justicia; tribunales secundarlos; salas de espera y gabinetes para los servicios informativos; biblioteca; salas de lectura; despachos para jueces, abogados y procuradores; oficinas del juzgado; diversas salas de reunión; administración; secretaría, y toda una larga serie de locales complementarios y de servicio. La construcción se realizó con una estructura mixta de hormigón armado y hierro. Va revestida, tanto interior como exteriormente, con mampostería de granito blanco, subrayando los marcados volúmenes de la edificación. El conjunto, con su original y movido diseño, dentro de la sobriedad que exige su función, es un claro exponente de las nuevas tendencias de la arquitectura japonesa actual.

Background The BNT162b mRNA vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), mimics the immune response to natural infection. Few studies have predicted the adverse effects (AEs) after the second-dose vaccination. We present a predictive model for AEs and immune response after the second-dose of the BNT162b mRNA vaccine. Methods To predict AEs, 282 healthcare workers (HCWs) were enrolled in this prospective observational study. The classification and regression tree (CART) model was established, and its predictive efficacy was assessed. To predict immune response, 282 HCWs were included in the analysis. Moreover, the factors affected by anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD antibody (s- IgG) were evaluated using serum samples collected 2 months after the second-dose vaccination. The s-IgG level was assessed using Lumipulse G1200. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to evaluate variables associated with anti-s-IgG titer levels. Results The most common AEs after the seconddose vaccination were pain (87.6%), redness (17.0%) at the injection site, fatigue (68.8%), headache (53.5%), and fever (37.5%). Based on the CART model, headache after the first-dose vaccination and age < 30 years were identified as the first and second discriminators for predicting the headache after the second-dose vaccination, respectively. In the multiple linear regression model, anti-s-IgG titer levels were associated with age, female sex, and AEs including headache and induration at the injection site after the second-dose vaccination. Conclusion Headache after the first-dose vaccination can be a predictor of headache after the seconddose vaccination, and AEs are indicators of immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background BNT162b2, an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, was launched in many countries as an intramuscular vaccination for COVID-19 infection. Few studies have assessed the physical indications of pain at the immunization site. This study aimed to characterize pain at the injection site and investigate morphological attributes using ultrasound. Methods Forty-three of 211 healthcare workers who received a second dose of BNT162b2 between February 2021 and March 2021 were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 40 years. We evaluated patients' pain at the injection site using the Numerical Rating Pain Scale (NRPS). We also assessed the thickness of the deltoid muscle fascia at the injection site by ultrasound. Bayesian robust correlation was employed to explore the relationship between the pain intensity scores and ultrasound measurements. Results All eligible subjects complained of pain at the injection site. A median pain onset of 8 hours postvaccination and a median peak intensity score of 4 were reported. Onset of relief occurred after 2 days. Ultrasound images demonstrated a 2.5-fold increase in fascia thickness at the injection site without intramuscular echogenicity change in all subjects. A correlation was established between the NRPS score and the noninjection-to-injection-side ratio of fascia thickness at the injection site (rho = 0.66). Conclusion A sore arm was the most prevalent side effect of BNT162b2 vaccination and could be attributed to temporal fasciitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NADPH oxidase (Nox) isoforms have been implicated in contributing to diabetic microvascular complications, but the functional role of individual isoforms in diabetic kidney are unclear. Nox2, in particular, is highly expressed in phagocytes and may play a key inflammatory role in diabetic kidney disease. To determine the role of Nox2, we evaluated kidney function and pathology in wild-type (WT; C57BL/6) and Nox2 knockout (KO) mice with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes was induced in male Nox2 KO and WT mice with a multiple low-dose streptozotocin protocol. Groups were studied for kidney disease after 8 and 20 wk of diabetes. Hyperglycemia and body weights were similar in WT and Nox2 KO diabetic mice. All functional and structural features of early and later stage diabetic kidney disease (albuminuria, mesangial matrix, tubulointerstitial disease, and gene expression of matrix and transforming growth factor-β) were similar in both diabetic groups compared with their respective nondiabetic groups, except for reduction of macrophage infiltration and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the diabetic Nox2 KO mice. Systolic blood pressure by telemetry was surprisingly increased in Nox2 KO mice; however, the systolic blood pressure was reduced in the diabetic WT and Nox2 KO mice by tail-cuff. Interestingly, diabetic Nox2 KO mice had marked upregulation of renal Nox4 at both the glomerular and cortical levels. The present results demonstrate that lack of Nox2 does not protect against diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes, despite a reduction in macrophage infiltration. The lack of renoprotection may be due to upregulation of renal Nox4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy continues to rise, highlighting the importance of investigating and discovering novel treatment strategies. TRB3 is a kinase-like molecule that modifies cellular survival and metabolism and interferes with signal transduction pathways. Herein, we report that TRB3 expression is increased in the kidneys of type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. TRB3 is expressed in conditionally immortalized podocytes; however, it is not stimulated by elevated glucose. The diabetic milieu is associated with increased oxidative stress and circulating free fatty acids (FFA). We show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2 and superoxide anion (via the xanthine/ xanthine oxidase reaction) as well as the FFA palmitate augment TRB3 expression in podocytes. C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) is a transcription factor that is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. CHOP expression increases in diabetic mouse kidneys and in podocytes treated with ROS and FFA. In podocytes, transfection of CHOP increases TRB3 expression, and ROS augment recruitment of CHOP to the proximal TRB3 promoter. MCP-1/CCL2 is a chemokine that contributes to the inflammatory injury associated with diabetic nephropathy. In these studies, we demonstrate that TRB3 can inhibit basal and stimulated podocyte production of MCP-1. In summary, enhanced ROS and/or FFA associated with the diabetic milieu induce podocyte CHOP and TRB3 expression. Because TRB3 inhibits MCP-1, manipulation of TRB3 expression could provide a novel therapeutic approach in diabetic kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  We attempted to clarify the effects of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol (N-hexacosanol) on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. After induction of experimental diabetes with streptozotocin, rats were maintained for 8 weeks with or without treatment by N-hexacosanol (8 mg/kg i.p. every day). Urinary albumin excretion, blood chemistry, immunoblot analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reactions (real-time PCR) of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and neuronal NOS (nNOS) were investigated. Although N-hexacosanol had no effects on serum glucose or insulin level, it normalized serum creatinine and urinary albumin excretion. N-hexacosanol was found to improve the diabetes-induced alterations in the eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS protein and their mRNA levels. Histologically, N-hexacosanol inhibited the progression to glomerular sclerosis. Our data suggest that N-hexacosanol improves diabetes-induced NOS alterations in the kidney, resulting in the amelioration of diabetic nephropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of CCTVs have been used by low vision people because their purchase has been supported by the Japanese government since 1993. However, the use state has not been well known, and some dissatisfaction with current CCTV models has been heard. In order to clarify the state of use for CCTVs and to identify user preferences for future improvements, we conducted a CCTV user survey with a questionnaire, and obtained 115 responses. The survey analysis reveals user preferences. We then prototyped a new CCTV addressing the identified user preferences and evaluated it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]