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Summary: It is essential that academic publishing complies with the highest standards in terms of ethics, research conduct and manuscript preparation. This protects the rights and welfare of research participants, ensures the integrity of study results and aids the communication and dissemination of novel findings into clinical practice. This position statement outlines the current policies and practices of the Editors of Anaesthesia and Anaesthesia Reports in relation to academic medical publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For example, if desflurane vaporisers are kept on anaesthetic machines while target-controlled infusion (TCI) pumps and TIVA administration sets are in short supply or kept in equipment storerooms, this makes it much harder for anaesthetists to turn to TIVA. Keywords: anaesthetic practice; climate change; medical ethics; peri-operative care EN anaesthetic practice climate change medical ethics peri-operative care 943 948 6 07/06/23 20230801 NES 230801 Industrialised healthcare accounts for 4-5% of global greenhouse gas emissions, and inhalational anaesthetic agents account for 2-5% of this [[1], [3]]. Individual practitioner behaviour change has hitherto been the lynchpin of sustainable anaesthetic practice, and efforts to change behaviour have so far focused on education [[4], [11]]. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: community participation; methods; patient participation; research design EN community participation methods patient participation research design 779 783 5 05/08/23 20230601 NES 230601 I "Nothing about us without us" i . Seeking broad patient and public opinions can be challenging at the very earliest stages of a project, (i.e. before a patient co-investigator or PPI group have been recruited). Social Science and Medicine 2008; 67: 1757 - 65. 9 Robbins M, Tufte J, Hsu C. Learning to "swim" with the experts: experiences of two patient co-investigators for a project funded by the patient-centered outcomes research institute. [Extracted from the article]

Variations include overt observation (the researcher is clearly identified), covert observation (the researcher is present in the guise of another role - less frequently used now due to ethical difficulties) and participant observation (the researcher acts as part of the team to some degree)Allows the researcher to see what is done in practice (which is often different to what is said or thought to be done). The concept of "theoretical saturation" describes when additional data yields no new information; however, many researchers argue that there will always be new information and a more pragmatic approach relating to whether the data are sufficient to develop a theoretical understanding of a topic is preferable [15]. Keywords: qualitative research; research design; research report EN qualitative research research design research report 1439 1444 6 11/10/22 20221201 NES 221201 Qualitative research describes a suite of techniques that deal with unstructured data that cannot be summarised numerically. Furthermore, the processes involved in qualitative research are heavily reliant on the researchers themselves [2]; researchers must, therefore, strike a balance between a rigorous application of methods and an acknowledgement of their own influence on the work [3]. [Extracted from the article]

All manuscripts containing specific patient data must be published with the written consent of the patient, or if the patient is unable to provide informed consent themselves, the written assent of a consultee, parent or legal guardian, as appropriate. How to write a case report in anaesthesia and peri-operative medicine Keywords: anaesthesia; communication; education; informed consent; patient safety EN anaesthesia communication education informed consent patient safety 1163 1166 4 09/15/22 20221001 NES 221001 Case reports present the authors' perspective on a particular clinical episode, typically involving an innovation, error, complication or challenging case [1, 2]. Patient/carer perspective including a description of the patient's experiences, and information that may be useful to other patients in similar circumstances.12. [Extracted from the article]

Summary: The Earth's mean surface temperature is already approximately 1.1°C higher than pre‐industrial levels. Exceeding a mean 1.5°C rise by 2050 will make global adaptation to the consequences of climate change less possible. To protect public health, anaesthesia providers need to reduce the contribution their practice makes to global warming. We convened a Working Group of 45 anaesthesia providers with a recognised interest in sustainability, and used a three‐stage modified Delphi consensus process to agree on principles of environmentally sustainable anaesthesia that are achievable worldwide. The Working Group agreed on the following three important underlying statements: patient safety should not be compromised by sustainable anaesthetic practices; high‐, middle‐ and low‐income countries should support each other appropriately in delivering sustainable healthcare (including anaesthesia); and healthcare systems should be mandated to reduce their contribution to global warming. We set out seven fundamental principles to guide anaesthesia providers in the move to environmentally sustainable practice, including: choice of medications and equipment; minimising waste and overuse of resources; and addressing environmental sustainability in anaesthetists' education, research, quality improvement and local healthcare leadership activities. These changes are achievable with minimal material resource and financial investment, and should undergo re‐evaluation and updates as better evidence is published. This paper discusses each principle individually, and directs readers towards further important references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Case reports have fulfilled an important role in the development of anaesthesia and continue to be highly relevant to modern practice. Despite this, they are sometimes criticised for being insufficiently rigorous to meaningfully inform clinical practice or research design. Reporting checklists are a useful tool to improve rigour in research and, although case report checklists have previously been developed, no existing checklist focuses on the peri‐operative setting. In order to address the need for a case reports checklist that better accommodates peri‐operative care, we used an established tool as the basis for developing the 12‐item Anaesthesia Case Report checklist. This was refined using an iterative approach through feedback from journal editors with experience of handling case reports, patient and public involvement, and trialling its use on Anaesthesia Reports submissions. The Anaesthesia Case Report checklist differs from existing checklists by aligning with peri‐operative practice; it places less emphasis on making diagnoses and focuses on the way in which clinical challenges, for example, related to the patient's comorbidities or operative interventions, are addressed. Adopting a standardised approach to the content of case reports presents clear benefits to authors, editors and peer reviewers through streamlining the processes involved in writing and publication. The Anaesthesia Case Report checklist provides a pragmatic framework for comprehensive and transparent reporting. We hope it will facilitate the authorship of high‐quality case reports with the potential to further improve the quality and safety of peri‐operative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the absolute number of academic anaesthetic consultants and trainees remains very low, UK academic anaesthesia has undergone an important structural transformation since the Pandit report described a " I severe crisis in academic anaesthesia" i in 2005 [21]. Keywords: career choice; education; research; universities EN career choice education research universities 455 459 5 03/04/21 20210401 NES 210401 I "Your future is whatever you make it, so make it a good one!" Supporting UK academic anaesthesia Anaesthesia remains under-represented in clinical academia, with just under 0.5% of anaesthetists' time spent in senior university posts, compared with around 3% for doctors overall [15, 16]. [Extracted from the article]

Workplace distractions in the digital era - are smartphones a threat to safety or an essential tool? Keywords: communication; safety; technology EN communication safety technology 305 308 4 02/08/21 20210301 NES 210301 Anaesthesia is a technology-dependant specialty. While the impact of total intravenous anaesthesia, video laryngoscopes and ultrasound-guidance - to name but a few influential recent technologies - have been extensively studied [e.g. 1-4], the professional use of smartphones in anaesthesia remains relatively under-investigated. For example, the Association of Anaesthetists' I Recommendations for standards of monitoring during anaesthesia and recovery i states that "the anaesthetist must be present and care for the patient" - that the anaesthetist should remain vigilant and maintain situation awareness is left unsaid [14]. [Extracted from the article]

Summary: Despite the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, elective paediatric surgery must continue safely through the first, second and subsequent waves of disease. This study presents outcome data from a children's hospital in north‐west England, the region with the highest prevalence of COVID‐19 in England. Children and young people undergoing elective surgery isolated within their household for 14 days, then presented for real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) within 72 h of their procedure (or rapid testing within 24 h in high‐risk cases), and completed a screening questionnaire on admission. Planned surgery resumed on 26 May 2020; in the four subsequent weeks, there were 197 patients for emergency and 501 for elective procedures. A total of 488 out of 501 (97.4%) elective admissions proceeded, representing a 2.6% COVID‐19‐related cancellation rate. There was no difference in the incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 among children and young people who had or had not isolated for 14 days (p > 0.99). One out of 685 (0.1%) children who had surgery re‐presented to the hospital with symptoms potentially consistent with SARS‐CoV‐2 within 14 days of surgery. Outcomes were similar to those in the same time period in 2019 for length of stay (p = 1.0); unplanned critical care admissions (p = 0.59); and 14‐day hospital re‐admission (p = 0.17). However, the current cohort were younger (p = 0.037); of increased complexity (p < 0.001) and underwent more complex surgery (p < 0.001). The combined use of household self‐isolation, testing and screening questionnaires has allowed the re‐initiation of elective paediatric surgery at high volume while maintaining pre‐COVID‐19 outcomes in children and young people undergoing surgery. This may provide a model for addressing the ongoing challenges posed by COVID‐19, as well as future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Acquired tracheomegaly is a rare condition associated with pulmonary fibrosis, connective tissue disease and the use of cuffed tracheal tubes. We describe the urgent tracheal re‐intubation and subsequent tracheal repair of a previously well 58‐year‐old man who developed tracheostomy‐related tracheomegaly during prolonged mechanical ventilation for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonitis. Urgent tracheal re‐intubation was required due to a persistent cuff leak, pneumomediastinum and malposition of the tracheostomy tube. We describe the additional challenges and risks associated with airway management in patients with tracheomegaly, and discuss how even in urgent cases these can be mitigated through planning and teamwork. We present a stepwise approach to tracheal re‐intubation past a large tracheal dilatation, including the use of an Aintree catheter inserted via the existing tracheal stoma for oxygenation or tracheal re‐intubation if required. Computed tomography imaging was valuable in characterising the defect and developing a safe airway management strategy before starting the procedure. This report emphasises the role of planning, teamwork and the development of an appropriate airway strategy in the safe management of complex cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]