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Objective: To report a case of recalcitrant fungal keratitis successfully managed with topical caspofungin acetate in North India.Methods: Case report and literature review.Results: An 18-year-old male patient presented with complaints of redness, watering, pain and diminution of vision in the right eye and was referred to our centre as a case of corneal ulcer. The patient was examined and found to have a near total epithelial defect, with corneal infiltrates approximately 8x8 mm. A provisional diagnosis of polymicrobial keratitis was made based on corneal scraping suggestive of and confocal scan revealing fungal hyphae. The patient failed to respond to topical voriconazole 1%, natamycin 5% and moxifloxacin hydrochloride 0.5% with oral voriconazole. In view of the poor response to these drugs, the patient was subsequently administered topical caspofungin 0.5% in place of natamycin and continued on topical and oral voriconazole, in addition to topical moxifloxacin and cycloplegics, which finally led to healing with minimal scarring. The patient attained a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 6/12.Conclusion: Topical caspofungin may be used as a useful and effective alternative in cases of recalcitrant fungal keratitis. It may result in healing with minimal scarring.

In this study, we report a novel platinum–doxorubicin conjugate that demonstrates superior therapeutic indices to cisplatin, doxorubicin, or their combination, which are commonly used in cancer treatment. This new molecular structure (1) was formed by conjugating an amphiphilic Pt(IV) prodrug of cisplatin with doxorubicin. Due to its amphiphilic nature, the Pt(IV)–doxorubicin conjugate effectively penetrates cell membranes, delivering both cisplatin and doxorubicin payloads intracellularly. The intracellular accumulation of these payloads was assessed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and fluorescence imaging. Since the therapeutic effects of cisplatin and doxorubicin stem from their ability to target nuclear DNA, we hypothesized that the amphiphilic Pt(IV)–doxorubicin conjugate (1) would effectively induce nuclear DNA damage toward killing cancer cells. To test this hypothesis, we used flow the cytometric analysis of phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX), a biomarker of nuclear DNA damage. The Pt(IV)–doxorubicin conjugate (1) markedly induced γH2AX in treated MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, showing higher levels than cells treated with either cisplatin or doxorubicin alone. Furthermore, MTT cell viability assays revealed that the enhanced DNA-damaging capability of complex 1 resulted in superior cytotoxicity and selectivity against human cancer cells compared to cisplatin, doxorubicin, or their combination. Overall, the development of this amphiphilic Pt(IV)–doxorubicin conjugate represents a new form of combination therapy with improved therapeutic efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2023, the Shimla district in Himachal Pradesh, India experienced a severe rainfall-induced landslide disaster. The excessive rainfall triggered numerous landslides, causing significant economic losses and the loss of 367 lives. The region's geological conditions, weathered rocks, and rugged topography contribute to slope instability and increase the likelihood of landslides. This study aims to provide insights into the types of landslides triggered and the resulting damage, in order to enhance understanding and inform future risk mitigation efforts. [Extracted from the article]

In this work, we have demonstrated agar and oxidized bacterial cellulose cryogels as a potential hemostatic dressing material. TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (OBC) was incorporated into the agar matrix, improving its mechanical and hemostatic properties. The oxidation of bacterial cellulose (BC) was evidenced by chemical characterization studies, confirming the presence of carboxyl groups. The in vitro blood clotting test conducted on agar/OBC composite cryogels demonstrated complete blood clotting within 90 seconds, indicating their excellent hemostatic efficacy. The cryogels exhibited superabsorbent properties with a swelling degree of 4200%, enabling them to absorb large amounts of blood. Moreover, the compressive strength of the composite cryogels was appreciably improved compared to pure agar, resulting in a more stable physical structure. The platelet adhesion test proved the significant ability of the composite cryogels to adhere to and aggregate platelets. Hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility tests have verified the safety of these cryogels for hemostatic applications. Finally, the material exhibited remarkable in vivo hemostatic performance, achieving clotting times of 64 seconds and 35 seconds when tested in the rat tail amputation model and the liver puncture model, respectively. The experiment results were compared with those of commercial hemostat, Axiostat, and Surgispon, affirming the potential of agar/OBC composite cryogel as a hemostatic dressing material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text classification involves organizing textual information into predefined classes, a task which is particularly useful in domains like sentiment analysis, spam detection, and content labeling. In India, where a massive amount of information is generated daily through newspapers and social media, Hindi is one of the most widely used and spoken languages. However, there is limited research on Hindi text classification and, particularly, regarding Hindi news classification. This paper presents a research study to classify Hindi news articles published in Hindi-language newspapers in India by using and comparing various Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms. To prepare the textual news data for classification, pre-processing and feature engineering techniques, such as count vectorizer, Tf-Idf vectorizer and Doc2Vec, were used and applied to convert texts into vectors. This pre-processing step on the textual data was very challenging due to the presence of multimodal words, conjunctions, punctuation, and special characters in Hindi texts. The study considered Hindi news headlines from predetermined categories (Science, Sports, Entertainment and Business) and, among the different ML and DL models tested and evaluated, Linear Regression with Doc2Vec vectorizer and SGD classifier with Tf-Idf vectorizer produced best accuracies of 97.04% and 96.59%, respectively. The best performing DL model was found to be the Bi-LSTM with an accuracy of approximately 97% on the testing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of the en bloc technique with the standard 2-lobe technique for holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Methods: This prospective study included patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent HoLEP from September 2020 to March 2022, by en bloc or 2-lobe technique. Patient demographics, prostate volume, enucleation, morcellation and operative time, and incidence of postoperative incontinence were compared between the 2 groups. Results: We included 64 patients (30 en bloc and 34 2-lobe techniques) who underwent HoLEP in this study. The mean age, prostate volume, creatinine, and PSA of patients were comparable in both groups [(68.53 vs. 67.55 years; P = .62), (79.43 vs. 79.88 g, P = .92), (1.08 mg/dL vs. 1.20 mg/dL, P = .35), (3.78 vs. 4.63 ng/mL; P = .376), respectively]. The enucleation time was significantly shorter in the en bloc group than in the 2-lobe group (54.2 vs. 61.67; P = .03). Additionally, the mean operative time was also comparatively shorter in the en bloc group than the 2-lobe group (72.36 vs. 80.50; P = .057). The improvement in the quality-of-life (QoL) score was significantly better with en bloc than the 2-lobe group (3.80 vs. 2.11; P = .01). There was a significant difference in stress urinary incontinence on days 1, 7, and 30 (P < .001) with en bloc compared to the two-lobe technique. Conclusion: Although the outcomes of en bloc and 2-lobe endoscopic enucleation of prostate techniques were comparable, the en bloc technique seems to be a better option in most patients undergoing HoLEP due to less enucleation and operative time and lowered stress urinary incontinence incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA‐DQA1*05:05:17:03 differs from HLA‐DQA1*05:05:01:02 by a single base substitution in exon 1 and HLA‐DQA1*05:05:17:01 within introns 1 and 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA‐C*06:372 differs from HLA‐C*06:02:01:01 by a single substitution in exon 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) is a metabolic sensor that promotes growth when nutrients are abundant. Ubiquitous inhibition of mTORC1 extends lifespan in multiple organisms but also disrupts several anabolic processes resulting in stunted growth, slowed development, reduced fertility, and disrupted metabolism. However, it is unclear if these pleotropic effects of mTORC1 inhibition can be uncoupled from longevity. Here, we utilize the auxin-inducible degradation (AID) system to restrict mTORC1 inhibition to C. elegans neurons. We find that neuron-specific degradation of RAGA-1, an upstream activator of mTORC1, or LET-363, the ortholog of mammalian mTOR, is sufficient to extend lifespan in C. elegans. Unlike raga-1 loss of function genetic mutations or somatic AID of RAGA-1, neuronal AID of RAGA-1 robustly extends lifespan without impairing body size, developmental rate, brood size, or neuronal function. Moreover, while degradation of RAGA-1 in all somatic tissues alters the expression of thousands of genes, demonstrating the widespread effects of mTORC1 inhibition, degradation of RAGA-1 in neurons only results in around 200 differentially expressed genes with a specific enrichment in metabolism and stress response. Notably, our work demonstrates that targeting mTORC1 specifically in the nervous system in C. elegans uncouples longevity from growth and reproductive impairments, and that many canonical effects of low mTORC1 activity are not required to promote healthy aging. These data challenge previously held ideas about the mechanisms of mTORC1 lifespan extension and underscore the potential of promoting longevity by neuron-specific mTORC1 modulation. Author summary: Inhibition of the metabolic pathway mTORC1 has been shown to extend lifespan in many organisms and has gained traction as a possible anti-aging therapeutic. However, in addition to lifespan extension, chronic and body-wide mTORC1 inhibition results in a downregulation of anabolic processes that leads to unwanted side effects such as impaired growth, development, and reproduction in C. elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mice. An open question in the field is if mTORC1 inhibition can be restricted to specific tissues to promote longevity while minimizing the anabolic trade-offs. In this study, we test this hypothesis using the model organism C. elegans and the auxin-inducible degradation (AID) system which provides many advantages over previous techniques used to study the tissue-specificity of mTORC1 in aging. We find that degradation of mTORC1 pathway components specifically in the neurons robustly extends lifespan while preserving normal growth, development, and reproduction. Furthermore, we find that animals with neuronal mTORC1 inhibition maintain functional sensory neurons and have changes in the expression of genes related to stress response and metabolism. This work challenges previously held theories that anabolic trade-offs are required for mTORC1 longevity and highlights a critical role for neuronal mTORC1 in the regulation of organismal aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted the first comprehensive investigation on the impact of head group modifications on the anticancer activities of fatty-acid-like Pt(IV) prodrugs (FALPs), which are a class of platinum-based metallodrugs that target mitochondria. We created a small library of FALPs (1–9) with diverse head group modifications. The outcomes of our study demonstrate that hydrophilic modifications exclusively enhance the potency of these metallodrugs, whereas hydrophobic modifications significantly decrease their cytotoxicity. To further understand this interesting structure–activity relationship, we chose two representative FALPs (compounds 2 and 7) as model compounds: one (2) with a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) head group, and the other (7) with a hydrophobic hydrocarbon modification of the same molecular weight. Using these FALPs, we conducted a targeted investigation on the mechanism of action. Our study revealed that compound 2, with hydrophilic modifications, exhibited remarkable penetration into cancer cells and mitochondria, leading to subsequent mitochondrial and DNA damage, and effectively eradicating cancer cells. In contrast, compound 7, with hydrophobic modifications, displayed a significantly lower uptake and weaker cellular responses. The collective results present a different perspective, indicating that increased hydrophobicity may not necessarily enhance cellular uptake as is conventionally believed. These findings provide valuable new insights into the fundamental principles of developing metallodrugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA‐B*41:84 has a single base substitution in exon 2, altering glutamic acid to glutamine'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to comprehend the Judiciary's response and apprehend the pace of change in the social dynamics of the society about live-in relations. This article also comprehends the inter-linkage of the concept of live-in relationships vis-à-vis other laws, which require more clarity. Design/Methodology: In this study, the research brings down the concept of a live-in relationship by analyzing various judgments down the link from pre-independence to post-independence through the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (PWDWA). This study analyzed the data of the Supreme Court and High Courts down the line from 2010 to 2021 and analyzed the high courts that have the maximum number of cases. The approach is to identify how Judiciary interprets the live-in relationship in different facts under the light of various laws. Practical Implication: This study helps to identify the way forward in the absence of the legislative framework on live-in relationships through the interpretation by the Hon'ble Supreme Court and other High Courts. Originalities/Value: This study is predominantly based upon the question placed before the larger bench by Madras High Court as septo whether the woman is entitled to get a pension in a live-in relationship. The resultant of this work is based upon the opinion of the existing judgment that brings support to reach out to the conclusion. Outcome/Finding: The dimension of the social changes and changing the mindset of youth is an accepted fact to give legal recognition to live-in relationships. The Court has paved the way for a live-in relationship in property, maintenance, and domestic violence. This is high time for the legislature to code the separate statute for the live-in relationship so that the women from this relationship have not exploited due to the non-presence of the statute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work delivers a novel technique to detect brain tumor with the help of enhanced watershed modeling integrated with a modified ResNet50 architecture. It also involves stochastic approaches to help in developing enhanced watershed modeling. Cancer diseases, primarily the brain tumor, have been exponentially raised which has alarmed researchers from academia and industry. Nowadays, researchers need to attain a more effective, accurate, and trustworthy brain tumor tissue detection and classification approach. Different from traditional machine learning methods that are just targeting to enhance classification efficiency, this work highlights the process to extract several deep features to diagnose brain tumor effectively. This paper explains the modeling of a novel technique by integrating the modified ResNet50 with the Enhanced Watershed Segmentation (EWS) algorithm for brain tumor classification and deep feature extraction. The proposed model uses the ResNet50 model with a modified layer architecture including five convolutional layers and three fully connected layers. The proposed method can retain the optimal computational efficiency with high-dimensional deep features. This work obtains a comprised feature set by retrieving the diverse deep features from the ResNet50 deep learning model and feeds them as input to the classifier. The good performing capability of the proposed model is achieved by using hybrid features of ResNet50. The brain tumor tissue images were extracted by the suggested hybrid deep feature-based modified ResNet50 model and the EWS-based modified ResNet50 model with a high classification accuracy of 92% and 90%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates the impact of wavelength on the Optical Line of sight (OLOS) link working in the Visible Light Communication (VLC) spectrum. The extension of work is based on previous outcomes given by researchers. It has been elaborated with different determinants based on the color factor of LED available in the Visible Light (VL) spectrum. In the modern world, Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are prevailing the market as a light source, which is dominantly used at homes and workplaces. The designed VLC system includes LED as a transmitter, which is used as a higher source of brightness and provides both illuminations and data communication. Solid-state lighting characteristic shows the electroluminance capability of high brightness LEDs. Within few years, the luminous efficacy of LED is exponentially increasing from the range of less than 0.1 lm/W to over 230 lm/W with a huge lifetime of around 100,000 h. MATLAB is used to simulate a VLC link between LEDs (operated at different wavelengths) and photodetector. We present here the performance analysis of Lambertian Luminous Intensity radiation pattern (LLIRP) generated by different colors of LED for a clear OLOS model with different Spectral Luminous Efficiency at photonic vision. A designed system model of VLC supports short links present in indoor room conditions with better connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of writing this paper is to give a holistic view of farm law and the viewpoint of the legal provisions unveiling them in contrast to existing laws and issues. The paper is divided into three segments wherein the first segment authors discuss the viewpoints of the requirement of this law and how this law passed. In the second segment, the authors unveil the new farms act and its legal provision for comprehending the structure that the government portrays. In the third segment, the authors focused on the interim order of the apex court wherein the real problem about the question of law is still untouched. The outcome of the paper gives an idea about the new farm law and the issues and also existing issues of the present farm laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to comprehend the response of the corporate towards the environmental concern and how the corporate restore the environment by spending CSR funds on environmental activities. The purpose of this article also comprehends the non-financial environmental disclosure by the corporates and its compliance. Design / Methodology/ Approach: In this study, there is a sample of the top 30 companies selected on NSE excluding banks (regulated by RBI) down the line from 2017 to 2020. The methodology is to check the CSR spending on the environment from the total CSR of top 30 companies and for non-financial disclosure on the environment, this paper checked the compliance of BRR by corporates. Practical Implication: The study on the corporate performance toward the environmental concern and provide comprehensive viewpoints for contributing financial and non-financial by implementing the policies through CSR and BRR. Originalities/value: This paper contributes the literature, as well as the resultant of the corporate compliance on regulation 34, read with regulation 101(2) of Securities and Exchange Board of India (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015. Finding: The finding of this paper show the mixed results the corporate spend more amount on CSR does not have a positive relationship with more spending on environmental activities. The other finding regarding nonfinancial disclosure where again the mixed resultant some of the top companies non-complied under Principle 6 of National Voluntary Guidelines in Business Responsibility Report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of this study is to undertake an analytical investigation into green goods & green marketing with relation to FMCG goods. The study will look at the creation, production, marketing, and usage of ecologically friendly FMCG items as well as their effects on both the environment and society. A detailed analysis underlying the environmental effects of these items and the efficiency of green marketing methods to encourage environmentally friendly habits of consumption and production are the goals of a research investigation on green products & green marketing with regard to FMCG products. The study will get started by identifying sustainable goods in the FMCG sector and listing the many kinds of environmentally friendly items that are offered on the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the linear time-branching time spectrum of equivalences for a subclass of interactive Markov chains (IMCs) that are not subject to any further synchronization. This subclass of IMCs is known as closed IMCs. We define several variants of trace equivalence by performing button pushing experiments on stochastic trace machines. We establish the relation between these equivalences and also compare them with bisimulation for closed IMCs. Next, we define several variants of stutter trace equivalence for closed IMCs. We perform button pushing experiments with stutter insensitive stochastic trace machines to obtain these equivalences. We investigate the relationship among these stutter trace equivalences and also compare them with weak bisimulation for closed IMCs. We discuss the relation between several strong and weak trace equivalences defined in this paper. Next, we use these results to sketch the linear time-branching time spectrum of equivalences for IMCs. Finally, we prove that maximum and minimum probabilities of satisfying properties specified using metric temporal logic (MTL) formulas are preserved under some of these trace and stutter trace equivalences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, researchers showed huge interest in machine learning approaches that attempts to develop the information representations via computational modules. Past decade gained momentum by deep learning approaches and their potential of enhancing the performance for numerous automation operations with superior future research applications. The novelties in medical image processing initialized the unique perspective to diagnose the human body with superior resolution and enhanced accuracy. This paper offers a comprehensive work on existing methodologies that attain optimum results in their respective domains. There exist various Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain scan classifiers to obtain efficient features extraction images. The fundamental step in these methods includes several actions to be performed by using different approaches in order to characterize the anomalous developments in MRI scans of brain. Mostly, current techniques are utilizing deep learning feature extraction algorithm from MRI brain scans to obtain their relevant features. Currently, deep learning algorithms associated with medical imaging results in achieving remarkable performance enhancement in diagnosis as well as characterization of complex pathologies in case of brain tumors. This paper provides existing research gaps in identification, segmentation and feature extraction among current approaches. This paper also suggests the future directions to increase the efficiency of current models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]