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The pass rate of a test item often serves as an index of its difficulty. This posterior index, though easy to obtain and definite, is susceptible to students' learning level. It cannot play a leading role in designing test items. The present research tried to design a prior-to-test index of test item difficulty. According to the principles of cognitive task analysis, a frame and a procedure to be strictly executed were mapped out for the prior assessment of higher mathematics test items. Taking into account the characteristics of math problems, we designed such indexes as number of elements in a problem, element identification difficulty, number of principles used in answering, principle identification difficulty and cognitive load. The results show that prior difficulty is most significantly correlated with the pass rates of math test items. High correlation also exists among sub-indexes in assessment and among evaluators, indicating sufficient validity and reliability of the prior assessment method developed by the present reseach.

Dot pattern is a type of pattern defined by specific spatial relationship among some dots. As a compensation for concrete and meaningful visual stimuli, meaningless dot pattern can be used as stimuli in learning tasks. We performed an experiment for exploring the perceptual learning process of dot pattern against random-dot background. Participants were required to learn two types of dot patterns (9-dot and 11-dot). They were assigned to two groups: participants in Group 1 learned 9-dot pattern first and 11-dot pattern later, while those in Group 2 learned 11-dot pattern first and 9-dot pattern later. The results showed that participants could acquire the spatial relationship of dot pattern through perceptual learning in relatively short learning time. In comparison with 9-dot pattern, learning time of 11-dot pattern was slightly longer and its accuracy rate lower, but there was significant positive transfer effect from 11-dot pattern learning to 9-dot learning.

The authors have advised there are errors in the Y-axis of Figures 1, 2 and 4 on pages 1097, 1099 and 1101, respectively. The Y-axis label “Body weight (kg)” in figure parts 1B, 2C and 4c should read “Body weight (g)”. The Y-axis label “Th2 cell counts (×103)” in figure parts 1G, 2H and 4H should read “Proportion of Th2 cells (%)”. The correct figures are as follows. Figure 1 Continued. Figure 1 CQ relieved MC903-induced type 2 inflammatory response in AD mice. (A) The severity of ear skin lesions; (B) dermatitis severity score; (C) left ear thickness; (D) H&E staining; (E) TB staining; (F) ELISA measurements of serum TSLP, IL-4, IL-13, IFN-γ, and IgE levels; (G) flow cytometry to determine the content of peripheral blood Th2 cells (CD3+CD4+CD193+). N = 6. Data were represented as mean ± standard deviation, one-way ANOVA was for data comparisons in panels A/D-G, with Tukey’s test serving for post hoc testing. ns represented P > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. Two-way ANOVA was adopted in panels B-C, and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was implemented for post hoc test. *Represented comparisons with the Control group, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, #Represented comparisons with the AD group, #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01. Figure 2 Continued. Figure 2 CQ abated type 2 inflammatory response in AD mice by inactivating TLR3. (A) Western blot detection of TLR3 protein expression; (B) the severity of ear skin lesions; (C) dermatitis severity score; (D) left ear thickness; (E) H&E staining; (F) TB staining; (G) ELISA detections of serum TSLP, IL-4, IL-13, IFN-γ, and IgE levels; (H) flow cytometry to assess the content of Th2 cells (CD3+CD4+CD193+). N = 6. Data were represented as mean ± standard deviation. Data in panel A were tested by one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc testing using Tukey’s test. Two-way ANOVA was used for panels (C and D), and Šídák’s multiple comparisons test was used for post hoc test. Data in panels B/E-H were examined by independent sample t-test. ns represented P > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Figure 4 Continued. Figure 4 Activation of NLRP3 partially averted the alleviating effect of CQ on type 2 inflammatory response in AD mice. (A) Western blot to test the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and cleaved caspase-1 proteins; (B) the severity of ear skin lesions; (C) dermatitis severity score; (D) left ear thickness; (E) H&E staining; (F) TB staining; (G) ELISA detection of serum TSLP, IL-4, IL-13, IgE, IL-1β and IL-18 levels; (H) flow cytometry to assess the content of Th2 cells (CD3+CD4+CD193+). N = 6. Data were represented as mean ± standard deviation, and independent sample t-test was employed for comparisons in panels A-B/E-H. Two-way ANOVA was used in panels C-D, and Šídák’s multiple comparisons test was conducted for post hoc test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. These corrections do not significantly impact the overall findings and conclusions of the paper. We would like to assure readers that the corrected values and labels do not alter the interpretations or validity of the research. The authors sincerely apologize for any confusion these errors may have caused.

Zi‘an Shao,1,2,&ast; Shuai Zheng,3,&ast; Chong Chen,3 Jun Lyu2 1The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jun LyuDepartment of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-13379060167Email lyujun2020@jnu.edu.cnBackground: Cecal adenocarcinoma has a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis, thereby bringing serious disease burden to patients. The long-term survival rate of patients with cecal adenocarcinoma deserves us to explore more deeply. In addition, appropriate methods that evaluate the survival outcome of cecal adenocarcinoma are few.Methods: This study used the data provided by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to evaluate and predict the survival rates of patients with cecal adenocarcinoma from 2002 to 2016 and from 2017 to 2021, respectively. The cohort of population taken are all older than 20 years old, which is from National Cancer Institute. The period analysis was used to check the data in the SEER database. Reliable results could be obtained using period analysis, which provided important information for prevention and treatment strategies.Results: From 2002 to 2016, the relative survival rate of patients with cecal adenocarcinoma increased yearly. Compared with those in previous 15 years, the relative survival rate between 2017 and 2021 still increased but to a low extent. The relative survival rates of patients with cecal adenocarcinoma were remarkably different in terms of age, sex, race, differentiation grade, stages, and socioeconomic status. Even if there is a significant improvement, the survival rate of patients with distant-stage cancer is at a very low level.Conclusion: Understanding the survival rate of patients with cecal adenocarcinoma in the past 15 years is helpful in predicting the future trend and providing basic data and scientific basis to evaluate the harm of cecal adenocarcinoma to patients’ health, prepare cancer prevention plans, and evaluate the effect of cancer prevention and treatment by exploring the differences in survival rate corresponding to different ages, sexes, races, differentiation grades, stages, and socioeconomic status.Keywords: cecal adenocarcinoma, SEER, period analysis, survival rates

Yao Tong,&ast; Chengrong Bao,&ast; Yi-Qiong Xu,&ast; Lei Tao,&ast; Yao Zhou, Lei Zhuang, Ying Meng, Hui Zhang, Jingjing Xue, Weijun Wang, Lele Zhang, Qingbo Pan, Zhenzhen Shao, Tianran Hu, Qian Guo, Qingsheng Xue, Han Lu, Yan Luo Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yan Luo; Han Lu Email ly11087@rjh.com.cn; luhan0301@163.comBackground: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe respiratory disease with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Many mediators regarding endogenous or exogenous are involved in the pathophysiology of ALI. Here, we have uncovered the involvement of integrins and matrix metalloproteinases, as critical determinants of excessive inflammation and endothelial permeability, in the regulation of ALI.Methods: Inflammatory cytokines were measured by quantitative real-time PCR for mRNA levels and ELISA for secretion levels. Endothelial permeability assay was detected by the passage of rhodamine B isothiocyanate-dextran. Mice lung permeability was assayed by Evans blue albumin (EBA). Western blot was used for protein level measurements. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated using a cell-permeable probe, DCFH-DA. Intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into mice was conducted to establish the lung injury model.Results: Exogenous MMP-9 significantly aggravated the inflammatory response and permeability in mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) treated by LPS, whereas knockdown of MMP-9 exhibited the opposite phenotypes. Knockdown of integrin β 3 or β 5 in LPS-treated PMVECs significantly downregulated MMP-9 expression and decreased inflammatory response and permeability in the presence or absence of exogenous MMP-9. Additionally, the interaction of MMP-9 and integrin β 5 was impaired by a ROS scavenger, which further decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines production and endothelial leakage in PMVECs subjected to co-treatment (LPS with exogenous MMP-9). In vivo studies, exogenous MMP-9 treatment or knockdown β 3 integrin significantly decreased survival in ALI mice. Notably, knockdown of β 5 integrin alone had no remarkable effect on survival, but which combined with anti-MMP-9 treatment significantly improved the survival by ameliorating excessive lung inflammation and permeability in ALI mice.Conclusion: These findings support the β 3/5 integrin-MMP-9 axis as an endogenous signal that could play a pivotal role in regulating inflammatory response and alveolar-capillary permeability in ALI.Keywords: acute lung injury, endothelial cells, integrin, MMP-9

Suoyi Feng,1,2 Longzhu Ju,1 Ziqi Shao,1,3 Mark Grzanna,2 Lu Jia,4 Ming Liu5 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People’s Republic of China; 2Science Department, The John Carroll School, Bel Air, Maryland, USA; 3College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province 030619, People’s Republic of China; 5State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150069, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Suoyi FengScience Department, The John Carroll School, 703 E Churchville Road, Bel Air, Maryland 21014, USAEmail fengsuoyi2001@hotmail.comMing LiuState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150069, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail liuming04@126.comObjective and Design: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammatory respiratory hypersensitivity characterized by elevated Th2 cytokines and infiltration of inflammatory cells to nasal tissues. BX471 is a small-molecule C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1) antagonist involved in suppression of inflammation via blocking of primary ligands. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effect of BX471 on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mice model.Materials and Methods: Levels of OVA-specific IgE and Th1 cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nasal expression of proinflammatory mediators was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Nasal-cavity sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) to study eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia. Relative protein levels of Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and Toll-like-receptor 2 (TLR2) were assessed by Western Blot. Percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Treg) was measured by flow cytometry.Results: Mice treated with BX471 showed significantly relieved sneezing and nasal-rubbing behaviors. The expression of nasal proinflammatory factors was significantly downregulated by BX471, and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α) and NF-kB were suppressed. Blockade of CCR1 ligands inhibited eosinophil recruitment in nasal cavity. In addition, Treg cells population were upregulated in BX471-treated mice.Conclusion: BX471 exerts anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of AR by inhibiting CCR1-mediated TNF-α production, which subsequently suppresses NF-kB activation in inflammatory cells, leading to a decrease in Th2 cytokines, IL-1β, VCAM-1, GM-CSF, RANTES, and MIP-1α expression levels, thus inhibiting eosinophil recruitment to nasal mucosa. In addition, BX-471 exhibits anti-allergic effect by increasing Treg cell population. Overall, BX471 represents a promising therapeutic strategy against AR.Keywords: allergic rhinitis (AR), inflammation, C-C chemokine receptor type 1 antagonist, cytokines, chemokines

Gaowei Xia,1,* Xiaoling Li,2,* Fuhui Chen,1 Zhenyu Shao3 1Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation Bureau China, Harbin 150088, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Fuhui ChenDepartment of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail fuhuichenhh@sina.comZhenyu ShaoDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail Athena2111@163.comPurpose: The aim of this study was to study the roles and potential mechanism of LINC00520 in the progression of lung cancer.Methods: The expression of LINC00520 and miR-3175 in lung cancer tissues and cells was detected by qRT-PCR. The disease stage and aggressive of patients were also recorded, and their relationship with LINC00520 level was also calculated. Kaplan–Meier survival curve was drawn to observe the survival difference between high and low expression patients. Lipofectamine 2000 was used to transfect siLINC00520, miR-3175 inhibitor and their controls in lung cancer cells. CCK8 and colony formation assay were processed for cell proliferation. Transwell assay was undertaken for migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. MiRDB predicts the combination of LINC00520 and miR-3175. Luciferase and RNA pulldown assay were applied to verify the binding site. Correlation analysis of miR-3175 and LINC00520 expression in lung cancer tissues was shown.Results: LINC00520 was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and cells. Patients at III+IV stage were always with higher LINC00520 level than patients at I+II stage. Patients with high expression of lncRNA LINC00520 have short survival time (hazard ratio=1.7). Knockdown of LINC00520 inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration of lung cancer cells. LINC00520 targeted and negatively regulated miR-3175 (r=− 0.528; P< 0.001). MiR-3175 inhibitor rescued the effect of si-LINC00520 on lung cancer progression.Conclusion: LncRNA LINC00520 could predict poor prognosis and promote progression of lung cancer by inhibiting miR-3175 expression.Keywords: lncRNA LINC00520, lung cancer, prognosis, miR-3175

Hongzhi Hu,1,* Weijian Liu,1,* Qianwen Zeng,2,* Shangyu Wang,1 Zhicai Zhang,1 Jianxiang Liu,1 Yingze Zhang,3 Zengwu Shao,1 Baichuan Wang1 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People’s Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zengwu Shao; Baichuan WangDepartment of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13971021748Tel +86 18062763619Email szwpro@163.com; wangbaichuan-112@163.comBackground: The reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) may be a promising alternative for proximal humerus tumours because of good postoperative shoulder function. However, the conventional reverse shoulder prosthesis can not meet individual needs and RSA has been associated with a relatively high complication rate. Therefore, implant design and surgical reconstruction technique warrant further study.Methods: Between September 2015 and May 2018, 7 patients were treated via RSA after en-bloc resection of the proximal humerus tumours. A 3D-printed guiding baseplate was used to assist the implant of the 3D-printed glenoid prosthesis; a personalized humerus prosthesis was used to reconstruct the proximal humerus. The functional outcomes were assessed by range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint, Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) functional score, and Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS). We also analyzed tumour recurrence, metastases, and complications associated with the reconstruction procedure.Results: All patients were observed for 14 to 36 months, with an average of 23.6 months. At the final follow-up, the mean MSTS score was 85.7% (range, 73.3–93.3%), and the mean TESS score was 90.0% (range, 84.1–95.9%). No instability, infection, scapular notching, loosening or fracture were observed in this series. One patient with GCT suffered from pulmonary metastasis, while one with osteosarcoma died because of pulmonary metastasis.Conclusion: The 3D-printed guiding baseplate facilitated the accurate implantation of the glenoid prosthesis. The RSA based on a 3D-printed glenoid prosthesis and a personalized custom-made humerus prosthesis significantly improved the shoulder function and decreased the complication rate. Further studies of a larger scale with longer follow-up are required to validate this technology.Keywords: 3D printing technology, tumour, proximal humerus, reverse shoulder arthroplasty, reconstruction

Liu Ouyang, Yang Dan, Zengwu Shao, Shuhua Yang, Cao Yang, Guohui Liu, Wu Zhou, Deyu Duan Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People’s Republic of China Purpose: Umbelliferone (Umb), a member of coumarin family, is found in many plants and is a promising molecule with potential anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-tumor activities. However, the effect of Umb on arthritis remains unclear.Methods: A rat model with Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis was developed and used to test the efficacy of Umb on arthritis rats. Rats were given an intragastric injection of Umb (20 and 40 mg/kg) once daily from days 21 to 28 after the administration of FCA. Hind paw volume was assessed using a volume meter. The pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and prostaglandin E2 (PEG2) level in serum and synovial fluid were detected by ELISA. HE staining was used to determine representative histological changes in joint tissues, and Western blot analysis was employed to study the effects of Umb on MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.Results: Our results showed that Umb suppressed the release of IL-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and PEG2. In addition, Umb could also dramatically ameliorate the pathological changes observed in rat joints. Based on the results of Western blot, we also observed that Umb could strikingly suppress the expression of MAPK/NF-κB pathway molecules.Conclusion: These results proved that treatment with Umb is very effective for arthritis and inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for treatment of arthritis. Keywords: umbelliferone, arthritis, inflammation, MAPK/NF-κB pathway

Zhen-gang Wei,1–3 Feng-xian Wei,1–3 Zi-wei Shao,1–3 Guo-hong Su,1–3 Xue-ping Qi,3 You-cheng Zhang1–3 1Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; 2Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Institute, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; 3Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China Objective: Carvedilol is nonselective beta-blocker with a mild anti-alpha-1-adrenergic effect. Several studies proposed improved hemodynamic effects of carvedilol compared with propanolol. Our study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials comparing carvedilol with variceal banding ligation (VBL).Methods: Studies were searched on online databases MEDLINE, EMBASE(Ovid), the Cochrane Library, Chinese Wanfang Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure between January 2000 and May 2018. Incidence of bleeding and mortality were main outcome measures. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted to ensure the robustness of pooled estimates.Results: Ten randomized control trials including 1,269 cirrhotic patients were chosen. Compared with VBL, carvedilol showed similar preventive efficacy of risk ratios (RRs) in variceal bleeding, and bleeding-related mortality over different follow-up periods from 6 months to 24 months. Also, significant differences between carvedilol and VBL in overall mortality and other causes of mortality were failed to be found. Carvedilol achieved a lower incidence of portal hypertension gastropathy in both 6 months (RR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.38–0.64, P

Jian-wei Li,1,2,* Guang-yu Liu,1,2,* Ya-jie Ji,3,* Xia Yan,1,2 Da Pang,4 Ze-fei Jiang,5 De-dian Chen,6 Bin Zhang,7 Bing-he Xu,8 Zhi-ming Shao1,2 1Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Breast Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Oncology, 307 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Breast Diseases, Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China; 8Department of Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: To assess the efficacy, safety, and quality-of-life impact of switching adjuvant treatment in hormone receptor-positive primary breast cancer patients who are still premenopausal after 2–3 years of tamoxifen therapy to anastrozole plus goserelin as compared with continuing tamoxifen over a total period of 5 years. Patients and methods: Hormone receptor-positive, premenopausal, lymph node-positive, or tumor size ≥4 cm breast cancer patients who had received tamoxifen for 2–3 years were randomly assigned to continue tamoxifen treatment (TAM group) or switch to adjuvant anastrozole plus goserelin (ADD group) and continue treatment for another 2–3 years (total treatment duration 5 years). Endpoints evaluated were adverse events (AEs), changes in bone mineral density, quality of life, and disease-free survival-related events. Results: A total of 62 patients (33 in the ADD group and 29 in the TAM group) were evaluated. Grade 3–4 drug-related AEs occurred in five patients (15.2%) in the ADD group vs none in the TAM group. In the ADD group, arthralgias were the most common AEs (5/33 patients; 15.2%), and three patients in this group were discontinued because of AEs. Treatment was temporarily suspended due to AEs in three patients (9.1%) in the ADD group and one patient (3.4%) in the TAM group. Compared with continuing TAM therapy, switching to anastrozole plus goserelin did not result in any worsening of bone mineral density or quality of life. During a median follow-up of 34 months, five patients (15.2%) in the ADD group had disease-free survival events vs four patients (13.8%) in the TAM group. Conclusion: For early-stage breast cancer patients who remain premenopausal following 2–3 years of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy, switching to anastrozole plus goserelin therapy was safe with tolerable adverse effects. However, it did not show superior efficacy compared to remaining on tamoxifen treatment. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT01352091). Keywords: breast cancer, adjuvant therapy, anastrozole, tamoxifen, GnRH analogs, aromatase inhibitors

Weiping Ji,1–3,* Arvine Chandoo,1,* Xiaoling Guo,1 Tao You,1 Zhuo Shao,2 Kailian Zheng,2 Juan Wang,4 Jianwei Bi,2 Fang Gao Smith,3 Olga N Tucker,5 Xian Shen1 1Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Institute of Inflammation and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; 4Department of General Surgery, Xi Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) reduces postoperative stress, increases patient satisfaction, and reduces postoperative stay and cost. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of ERAS protocols compared with conventional perioperative care group and their effect in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy.Methods: A cohort of 366 patients were analyzed from a prospectively maintained database. The patients’ characteristics, tumor profile, surgical information data and postoperative complications were evaluated.Results: Patients in the ERAS had a faster gastrointestinal function recovery and first flatus (3.26±0.64; P

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of using different doses of estrogen in the treatment of perimenopausal osteoporosis in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Computer searches of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Date, and VIP databases were conducted. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) on different doses of estrogen for the treatment of osteoporosis in Chinese perimenopausal women were searched for the period 01/01/2000-06/09/2022. Document screening and data extraction were completed independently by 2 researchers and assessed using the Cochrane recommended risk bias assessment tool for RCTs. The software used for analysis in this study was Stata, version 16.0. RESULTS: A total of 10 RCTs with a cumulative total of 804 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that low doses of estrogen were more effective in improving patient outcomes [OR=0.521, 95% CI (0.300-0.907), z = 2.31, p = 0.05] and bone mineral density [SMD = -0.218, 95% CI (-0.42,-0.016), z = 2.11, p = 0.05] was not superior. For bone metabolism and sex hormone indicators, the standard dose group had a slight advantage, but the difference was small (p > 0.05) and not statistically significant. With regard to safety, the incidence of adverse reactions was higher with the standard dose of estrogen. CONCLUSIONS: In China, standard doses of estrogen are used for clinical effectiveness. However, vigilance must be maintained for potential safety concerns that may arise during treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a graph G=(V,E), a triple Roman dominating function (3RD-function) is a function f:V→{0,1,2,3,4} having the property that (i) if f(v)=0 then v must have either one neighbor u with f(u)=4, or two neighbors u,w with f(u)+f(w)≥5 or three neighbors u,w,z with f(u)=f(w)=f(z)=2, (ii) if f(v)=1 then v must have one neighbor u with f(u)≥3 or two neighbors u,w with f(u)=f(w)=2, and (iii) if f(v)=2 then v must have one neighbor u with f(u)≥2. The weight of a 3RDF f is the sum f(V)=∑v∈Vf(v), and the minimum weight of a 3RD-function on G is the triple Roman domination number of G, denoted by γ[3R](G). In this paper, we prove that for any connected graph G of order n with minimum degree at least two, γ[3R](G)≤3n2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]