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Andi Kurniadi,1 Dani Setiawan,1 Jessica Kireina,1 Dodi Suardi,1 Siti Salima,1 Febia Erfiandi,1 Mia Yasmina Andarini2 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Andi Kurniadi, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia, Tel +62 812 2028 6197, Email andi.kurniadi@unpad.ac.idBackground: Cervical cancer in pregnancy is rare and its management remains a formidable challenge. Clinical upstaging is a serious concern. Presentation may mimic pregnancy-related conditions, thus delaying diagnosis and leading to an advanced stage at presentation. In addition, concerns regarding chemotherapy safety in pregnancy may hinder its administration. Definitive therapy may also be delayed due to pregnancy.Case Report: A 37-year-old G3P2A0 10– 11 weeks pregnant woman was diagnosed with stage IB2 cervical cancer. We originally planned to perform neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel 175mg/m2 and carboplatin 6 AUC every 21 days followed by caesarean section and radical hysterectomy. However, preoperatively, the tumor had grown further and progressed to stage IIB. Postpartum radiotherapy was thus indicated. Lower segmental caesarean section along with bilateral salpingectomy and ovarian transposition were performed. Radiotherapy was administered through external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy. The patient delivered a small for gestational age male baby with no abnormalities. At 2-month follow-up, the infant appeared generally healthy.Conclusion: Cancer diagnosis during pregnancy adversely impacts women’s physical and psychological states. Symptoms may mimic pregnancy-related conditions, thus delaying diagnosis. Its management involves a multidisciplinary team to protect both maternal and fetal health.Keywords: cervical cancer, pregnancy, cancer in pregnancy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Dedy Frianto,1,2 Didik Setiawan,3 Ajeng Diantini,1,4 Auliya A Suwantika1,4 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Buana Perjuangan, Karawang, Indonesia; 3Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Indonesia; 4Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Auliya A Suwantika, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia, Email auliya@unpad.ac.idBackground: Cervical cancer is the second-highest cause of death in women with cancer, which is mostly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, specifically HPV 16 and 18. Next to Pap smear and visual inspection with acetic acid, HPV vaccination is highly recommended to support preventive measures.Objective: This study aimed to determine parental acceptance of HPV vaccination in districts with high prevalence of cervical cancer and different levels of household income in West Java, Indonesia by taking several factors into account.Methods: A questionnaire was delivered to 286 parents who met the major inclusion criteria of having daughters at 5th or 6th grade of elementary schools in three selected districts: Bandung, Purwakarta and Karawang. In particular, logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the correlation of acceptance towards HPV vaccination with sociodemographic factors.Results: Respondents in Bandung, Purwakarta and Karawang were willing to pay for HPV vaccine at a price range of US&dollar; 1.38– 20.69, US&dollar; 0.07– 34.48, and US&dollar; 1.38– 6.90, respectively. In addition, respondents’ spouse was the key person influencing their decision to vaccinate their children.Conclusion: Education level and health beliefs toward cervical cancer have significant correlation (p-value < 0.05) with acceptance towards HPV vaccination.Keywords: HPV vaccination, knowledge, health belief, attitude, willingness to pay

Dedy Frianto,1,2 Didik Setiawan,3 Ajeng Diantini,1,4 Auliya A Suwantika1,4 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Buana Perjuangan, Karawang, Indonesia; 3Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Indonesia; 4Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Auliya A Suwantika, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia, Email auliya@unpad.ac.idBackground: In countries with limited resources, a targeted HPV vaccination strategy by focusing in selected regions is preferable to be implemented than a nationwide vaccination strategy.Objective: This study aimed to review articles on economic evaluations of HPV vaccination in countries over the world that applied targeted vaccination strategies.Methods: Approximately 1769 articles were obtained from two databases (1242 and 527 articles from PubMed and ProQuest, respectively). The inclusion criteria in this systematic review were studies about full economic evaluations of HPV vaccination in targeted area or sub-national level and written in English. Full-text screening was applied to evaluate the eligibility. Final articles obtained were referred to the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standard (CHEERS) checklist. Finally, we included only 4 articles that met all inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Included studies in this review focused in different targeted regions, such as Punjab State in India, Vientiane in Lao PDR, Southern Vietnam in Vietnam, and Brazilian Amazon in Brazil. From 24 criteria in the CHEERS checklist, all included studies could meet 21 criteria (87.5%). All included studies in this review applied modeling approaches, which can estimate the number of cases and treatment costs averted. Applying various settings, the results of this study showed that HPV vaccination could potentially reduce the number of cervical cancer cases by 20– 72%. Taking cervical cancer screening into account, this study showed that targeted HPV vaccination was cost-effective or even cost-saving.Conclusion: Implementation of HPV vaccination in sub-national level as the initial step before nationwide vaccination is more favorable to be implemented in countries with limited budget.Keywords: cost-effectiveness, cervical cancer, vaccine, immunization, screening

Arto Yuwono Soeroto,1 Dadan Setiawan,2 Nabila Nauli Asriputri,3 Guntur Darmawan,4 Geraldo Laurus,3 Prayudi Santoso1 1Division of Respiratory and Critical Illness, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Health General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Arto Yuwono Soeroto Tel +62 811 246 930Email aysoeroto@yahoo.co.idPurpose: This study aimed to assess the association between vitamin D levels and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), number of exacerbations, and symptoms based on COPD assessment test (CAT) scores in stable COPD patients in Indonesia.Patients and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted. Subjects were stable COPD patients who were treated at a pulmonary clinic in a tertiary referral hospital in West Java from March to June 2018.Results: Thirty subjects were recruited this study with an average age 62± 8 years. The mean vitamin D level was 20.17± 8.91 ng/mL. Half of the patients had low vitamin D level (< 20ng/mL) (50%). The mean FEV1 (%) predicted value was 37.2± 14. The median exacerbation per year was 1 (0– 5) and symptoms based on CAT score was 14 (3– 34). No correlation was found between vitamin D levels and FEV1 (%) predicted value (r=0.126, p=0.253). Vitamin D level was inversely correlated with number of exacerbations (r=− 0.639, p< 0.001) and CAT (r= − 0.802, p< 0.001).Conclusion: Low level of vitamin D was associated with more frequent exacerbation and higher CAT scores but was not associated with FEV1 (%) predicted.Keywords: COPD, vitamin D, FEV1, CAT score

In this article we discuss the meanings of power that are produced/reproduced in an East Javanese shadow puppet show entitled Ramayana by Ki Sinarto. In Foucauldian perspective, the meanings of power are constantly intertwined with other issues, and in Ki Sinarto’s Ramayana they are closely related to the state, revelation/women, family, and people. Despite the puppeteer’s efforts in doing a 'subversive interpretation' of Ramayana, the Javanese concept of power still ‘overpowers’ his discourse. Addressing the contemporary Indonesian state, Ki Sinarto is propagating the concept of Javanese power from the late Mataram kingdom. He also proposes that women can have a legitimizing power as the bearers of revelation, but the discourse of women as distractors to men’s career still surfaces. Ki Sinarto further pictures the main conflict of Ramayana as a dispute of an aristocratic family instead of woman. Finally, the relations between Javanese people and their leaders are not necessarily straightforward and linear

Cobalt-60 is usually used for calibration standard that nowadays, it hard to fabricated. This research aims to fabricate of Sealed Source 46Sc as alternative Calibration Standard. Sealed source 46Sc radioactivity was 1.17 ± 0.08 µCi, sealed with an aluminum label. Radiation exposure on the surface opened container is 19.27 ± 0.09 µSv/h, a closed is 10.78 ± 0.15 µSv/h and the distance of 1 m from an open container is 4.40 ± 0.04 µSv/h whereas closed has 2.40 ± 0.04 µSv/h. Multi-channel analyzer γ-spectrometry showed the 46Sc gamma spectrum similar with characteristics from standard 60Co source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear grade aluminum capsules (AA-1070) was filled with 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg of target Sc2O3. The irradiation process of the capsule was performed in the Central Irradiation Position (CIP) G.A Siwabessy research reactor for 58.61 h. At the end of irradiation, 46Sc radioactivity was 26.67; 57.81; 85.48 mCi/capsule. The SS-316 capsule swab test, its was found that 46Sc radioactivity contamination was 2.198 Bq, 0.089 Bq and 0.218 Bq which were declared free of contamination. The gamma energy attenuation test for the thickness of the SS-304 plate, indicating that there is significant relationship between plate thickness and 46Sc gamma energy intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ballast structures continue to be utilized in Indonesia’s railway system. They are essential for conventional railway lines, which experience high levels of stress and are susceptible to damage from train traffic. This study examined the utilization of a pressure test machine and sieve analysis to determine the abrasion value of ballast made of 60/70 penetration asphalt with a binder and stabilizer material consisting of a mixture of latex and roving fiber. The test results revealed that the compressive strength of the ballast structure was positively affected by the addition of asphalt, latex, and roving fiber. However, when comparing the compressive strengths of the two ballast structures, the ballast structure with 2% asphalt and 3% latex generated superior results to that with 4% asphalt and 1% latex. In other words, asphalt, as opposed to latex, was more effective in protecting ballast material from abrasion.

This research investigated the largest magnitude of displacement and horizontal tensile strain in several critical locations within the asphalt concrete (AC) layer in both the flexible pavement highway (FPH) and asphaltic overlayment track (AOT) structure using the numerical modeling method. The role of the hauling loads, speed, and loading cycles of freight truck’s dumps and freight train’s wagons on the mechanical behavior of FPH and AOT in terms of the permanent deformation and fatigue cracking was examined. Furthermore, the performance of the FPH and AOT in terms of permanent deformation and fatigue cracking characteristics due to various magnitudes of hauling loads, speed, and loading cycles of freight truck’s dumps and freight train’s wagons was compared to determine the optimum infrastructure for the freight coal transportation, based on the hauling capacity as well as the magnitude of permanent deformation and the horizontal tensile strain of the AC layer. According to the findings of this study, it is suggested to choose the AOT structure with fourth or sixth loading systems to run the freight coal transportation with the highest magnitude of the hauling capacity of 360,000 tons, since it produces the minimum magnitude of the permanent deformation and fatigue cracking of the AC layer. Future research should be conducted to examine the potential and the characteristics of fatigue cracking due to the contact between the edge of the sleeper and the surface of the AC layer in AOT.

Due to subgrade-related concerns, the performance of Indonesia’s ballasted track continues to be significant impediments for the Indonesian railway stakeholders’ intention to increase the speed of passenger train operations. This study aims to examine the vertical compressive stress in the subgrade of Indonesia’s ballasted track and two asphaltic rail track designs, asphaltic overlayment and asphaltic underlayment, under various cyclic loading conditions based on three different train speeds, 120 (low speed), 240 (medium speed), and 360 kph (high speed). The AC layer thicknesses for each asphaltic rail track design are as follows: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 m for asphaltic underlayment, and 0.075, 0.15, 0.225, and 0.3 m for asphaltic overlayment. 2D finite element models and simulations were used to capture and predict the subgrade’s vertical compressive stress performance. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that the asphaltic overlayment track has a greater capacity for transmitting and decreasing stresses from the top structure to subgrade layer than the asphaltic underlayment track and the Indonesia’ ballasted track, respectively. This research can shed light on the prospective application of asphaltic rail track to the Indonesian rail network for the faster passenger trains operation.

This study performed the 2-dimensional modeling of Indonesia’s conventional track and the asphaltic underlayment track according to four different cyclic loading conditions by varying the train speeds and bogie load of Indonesia’s Argo Jati passenger trains set. Three different mechanical responses were considered, i.e., horizontal strains, vertical stress, and deformation, to investigate and compare the performance of Indonesia’s conventional track and the asphaltic underlayment track and to seek the possibility of Indonesia’s passenger trains to travel with higher speed and heavier axle load in the future. The numerical simulation results conclude that the asphaltic underlayment track capable of serving Argo Jati passenger trains set with the medium speed, 240 km/h, or 100 % higher than the existing operating speed. In addition, the application of a 20 cm asphalt layer below ballast will allow each passenger coach to carry the maximum payload up to 30 tons, or 50 % higher than the existing maximum payload. Furthermore, asphaltic underlayment track utilization in Indonesia’s railway systems could be beneficial for the optimization of the life cycle cost of the rail track since it could reduce the structure’s height, minimize the maintenance needs, and decrease track deterioration especially the mud pumping and deformation.

Chitosan is a natural compound obtained from deacetylation of chitin, which is a biopolymer present in the exoskeleton of crustaceans such as crabs and shrimp. The present study aimed to perform a meta-analysis from published studies regarding the effects of chitosan on methane emission and rumen fermentation profile of in vitro batch culture experiments. A total of 41 studies from 12 articles were integrated into a database. Parameters included were gas production, methane emission, rumen fermentation characteristics, microbial population, nutrient digestibility, and fatty acid profile. Data were analyzed according to mixed model methodology in which different studies were treated as random effects and chitosan addition levels were treated as fixed effects. Results showed that chitosan addition was able to reduce enteric methane emissions (p<0.001). Such methane decrease was accompanied by a decline in the protozoa population (p<0.05) and a tendency of methanogen reduction (p<0.1). The increasing chitosan level was associated with a decrease in total VFA and ammonia concentrations (both at p<0.001). Chitosan addition decreased acetate proportion (p<0.001) while elevated propionate proportion (p<0.001). Chitosan was associated with an increase of dry matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (p<0.001). Chitosan increased concentrations of C18:3n3 (p<0.05), conjugated linoleic acid (p<0.01) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (p<0.01) while decreased concentration of saturated fatty acids (p<0.001). It can be concluded that chitosan addition can mitigate enteric methane emission and alters rumen fermentation profiles in a favorable direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to explore the influence of ownership structure on severity loss. The study utilized 359 Sharia stocks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2020. The findings indicate that Sharia stocks with high levels of institutional and foreign ownership exhibited greater resilience during crises. Additionally, a consistent control variable affecting company resilience is financial performance. The better the financial performance, the lower the severity of loss or the higher the resilience.

The Drosophila Climbing Assay (DCA) is often used when Drosophila is positioned as a model organism to study the effects of disease or environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the consistency of the relationship between the two variables of climbing ability in fly imago, both under normal conditions and under stress conditions. The predictor variable of this study was the duration of climbing, while the criterion variable was climbing success. A total of 72 experimental units were prepared and divided into 3 conditions, i.e., 24 fly bottles cultured on normal medium, 24 fly bottles cultured for one generation on leadcontaining medium, and 24 others cultured for two generations on leadcontaining medium. The results of the Spearman's Rho correlation test indicated that the duration of climbing duration was always significantly negatively correlated with climbing success in all three conditions: natural conditions (rs=-0.438, p=0.032), stress over a generation (rs=-0.864, p

Recombination frequency through testcross involving Drosophila melanogaster can be used as relevant data in assessing the effect of certain substances on organisms. This study aimed to analyze the effect of lead-contaminated culture media on the percentage of recombination events. D. melanogaster was selected as the model organism while crossing over was selected as the observed recombination event. Lead levels in each treatment were 0, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 grams. Crossing over data was collected by calculating the frequency of recombinant-type strains from testcross results involving wildtype strains and vestigial black double mutants. Successively, the recombinant frequencies in the 0-, 0.05-, 0.075-, and 0.1-gram lead groups were 32.40, 14.65, 0, and 0%. The results of the hypothesis test indicated that lead contamination had a significant effect on reducing the recombination frequency. Therefore, lead may negatively impact the molecular aspects that control recombination events. Because recombination is regulated by genes and involves various proteins, a decrease in recombination frequency indicates that lead has a negative impact on genes or proteins during gametogenesis.

Chitosan is a natural compound obtained from deacetylation of chitin, which is a biopolymer present in the exoskeleton of crustaceans such as crabs and shrimp. The present study aimed to perform a meta-analysis from published studies regarding the effects of chitosan on methane emission and rumen fermentation profile of in vitro batch culture experiments. A total of 41 studies from 12 articles were integrated into a database. Parameters included were gas production, methane emission, rumen fermentation characteristics, microbial population, nutrient digestibility, and fatty acid profile. Data were analyzed according to mixed model methodology in which different studies were treated as random effects and chitosan addition levels were treated as fixed effects. Results showed that chitosan addition was able to reduce enteric methane emissions (p<0.001). Such methane decrease was accompanied by a decline in the protozoa population (p<0.05) and a tendency of methanogen reduction (p<0.1). The increasing chitosan level was associated with a decrease in total VFA and ammonia concentrations (both at p<0.001). Chitosan addition decreased acetate proportion (p<0.001) while elevated propionate proportion (p<0.001). Chitosan was associated with an increase of dry matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (p<0.001). Chitosan increased concentrations of C18:3n3 (p<0.05), conjugated linoleic acid (p<0.01) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (p<0.01) while decreased concentration of saturated fatty acids (p<0.001). It can be concluded that chitosan addition can mitigate enteric methane emission and alters rumen fermentation profiles in a favorable direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A more durable rail track structure is fundamental in the railway industry, allowing the government to operate the train with higher speed and axle load. That means more passengers and better quality of railroads travel, thereby reducing the maintenance costs and ensuring passengers’ comfort and safety. The effect of a sub-ballast and asphalt layer thickness and freight train traffic with low operational speed on mechanical behavior and design life of conventional track and asphaltic underlayment track, are presented in this paper. One of the significant findings to emerge from this study is that an AC layer with minimum thickness of 0.20 m is required in the asphalt underlayment track application for Indonesian railway infrastructure to facilitate Babaranjang freight trains with up to 50% more tonnage. The evidence from this study also suggests that the asphalt underlayment track with 0.20 m thick of AC layer that contains grade PG70-28 binder could be beneficial to be applied in Indonesian railway system so that the rail track could be constructed with less volume of works than the regular Indonesia's conventional track with 0.40 m of sub-ballast layer.

This study investigated the structural response of granular and asphaltic overlayment of rail track considering the linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt. The calculation of the tensile strains at the bottom of the asphalt layer, the compressive stresses at the top of the subgrade layer, and the service life of the granular and the asphaltic overlayment rail track were conducted using the KENTRACK software. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis by changing different factors was studied in this paper. The results of this study indicate that the asphaltic overlayment rail track structure has a much longer predicted service life than the granular rail track. It was also shown that the sub-grade compressive stress is more sensitive to the change in subgrade modulus than the change in ballast-sub-ballast-asphalt layer thickness and the change in binder type, respectively. In addition, the asphalt tensile strain is more sensitive to the change in asphalt layer thickness than the change in subgrade modulus and the change in binder type, respectively. These findings also enhance our understanding that subgrade compressive stress and asphalt tensile strain in the asphaltic overlayment track are more sensitive to the change in asphalt layer thickness than the change in binder type.

To determine performance of rigid pavement, pavement engineers should not only conduct stress, curling, and deflection analysis, but also understand weather conditions and subgrade quality effects on rigid pavement performance well. This study aims to analyze and visualize the mechanical behaviors of rigid pavement in terms of stress, curling, and deflection using the KENPAVE Program under different curling temperature and subgrade quality. Besides, this study also evaluated temperature differential and k-value effects on the stress, curling, and deflection behavior of concrete pavement. The findings revealed that there is a linear correlation between stress and both k-value and curling temperature, with the latter having more significant impact in controlling stress than the former. However, even though curling is not affected by subgrade quality, it significantly depends on the temperature differential since a higher curling temperature produces higher curling behavior. Lastly, a higher temperature differential produces greater deflection, but a higher k-value produces smaller deflection. Nevertheless, deflection behavior has a more significant curve and the position of the highest deflection shifted towards the center of the slab as the curling temperature and subgrade quality increase.

The cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for non-cervical cancer including anogenital cancers and head and neck cancers has been evaluated in many countries. This is important for the decision-makers in health policy as they have a limited budget for an enormous option of health technology. The objective of this study is to systematically review the health economic studies in order to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination for preventing non-cervical cancer including anogenital cancer and head and neck cancer. Approximately 496 articles were obtained from three databases (ProQuest: 430, Scopus: 40 and Pubmed: 29). The screening and selection of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The final articles were assessed by using the Consolidated Health Economics Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist. Based on the review of fifteen articles, most articles concluded that HPV vaccination was cost-effective compared with current standard care. One study showed that HPV vaccination may be cost-effective if only the price is lowered. HPV vaccination is considerably a cost-effective solution to prevent non-cervical cancer based on the studies conducted in many countries particularly the ones with high income.

Building structures located on slopes behave differently than structures located on flat ground because of the different levels of stepped floors made to overcome the slope of the land, resulting in several layers of basements. Also, due to the existence of these steps and the difference in soil level, a retaining wall is often made to hold the soil. The forces acting on the structure consist of those acting on the structure and those acting on the retaining walls, both against gravity loads and against earthquake loads. Often, there is an avalanche force due to the stability of the slopes. The main objective of this research is to: evaluate the distribution of story-shear forces based on a static and dynamic analysis of building structures. This paper discusses the structure of a seven-story building with stepped floors, which is then used to calculate a similar structure with 14 levels. In this case study, the load due to lateral earth pressure is calculated separately from the building structure with the assumption that the retaining wall (soldier-pile) can carry the lateral earth pressure as well as overcome sliding due to slope stability. Therefore, the building structure can be designed separately without considering the presence of lateral forces due to differences in soil levels. In conclusion, the results of the static and dynamic analysis showed the distribution of the story-shear forces from the first to seventh floors as smaller than those of the eighth floor.

Government policy on fulfilling the domestic component level assessment of goods and services has been issued. The minimum KDN level for the building was set at 40%. The success of local governments in implementing the KDN level refers to 40%. This study objective was only to evaluate the KDN level of architectural material of buildings in the Bogor district. A survey study did the data collection. Furthermore, the KDN level of 21 buildings that have been completed was assessed. Local governments are ready to support the implementation of the KDN level if the KDN level is higher than 40%. The assessed architectural material was KDN level based on certificates issued by PT Socofindo and the Indonesian Surveyor. The descriptive statistics used to determine the readiness of implementation KDN level were mean, minimum, and maximum values. The research results show that the architectural material KDN level for building implementation was above 40%. The average KDN level total was 65.60%, KDN level full range from 50.46 to 85.85%. The study results showed that the architectural material KDN level of building implementation surpassed 40%. This study obtained that the Government of Bogor Regency is ready to support green building implementation.

Drilled pile foundations that have been set in hard soil are generally used for buildings with shear walls. By nature, a drilled pile foundation can withstand moments because of the drilled pile’s dimensions and the amount of reinforcement installed. This study presents a structural analysis of a 10-story building supported by a dual system structure to meet earthquake requirements. The results show that, by using a dual system, the earthquake requirements (natural period, modal, story shear, story drift, and P-Delta) are met. Other results show that the base shear force of the shear wall has a value of 58.76% for the X-direction and 63.72% for the Y-direction. The base shear force value of the frame is 41.23% for the X-direction and 36.27% for the Y-direction. Therefore, the requirements of the dual system are met because the resisted base shear force of the frame is higher than 25%. The dual system provides a normal force value of 24.32% for the shear wall, while the frame carries 75.67%. The bearing capacity of the drilled pile with a safety factor = 2.5 is 162 tons for a diameter of 50 cm, 214 tons for a diameter of 60 cm, 340 tons for a diameter of 80 cm, 493 tons for a diameter of 100 cm, 672 tons for a diameter of 120 cm, and 993 tons for a diameter of 150 cm. The result of the pile driving analyzer test values for a 120 cm diameter range from 988 to 1,232 tons.

Railroad ballast structure layer may experience a decline in mechanical and geometrical performance due to heavy train and environmental loads. In order to improve the quality of ballast structure, the addition of asphalt to ballast layer can be considered as a solution. Therefore, this research utilizes 60/70 penetration grade asphalt for ballast layer binding and stabilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate and analyze the mechanical behavior of clean-ballast and fouled-ballast layers with 2% and 4% penetration grade 60/70 asphalt poured in one (ballast surface layer) and three ballast surface layers. Compressive strength test was performed to analyze the weight of specimen, vertical deformation, and ballast material abrasion. The most prominent finding to emerge from this research was that the use of 60/70 penetration grade asphalt on ballast surface layer is crucial in retaining the load applied by UTM, in order to produce preferable load distribution to the entire ballast structure. It is found that, the higher the 60/70 penetration grade asphalt proportion and the more layers poured with asphalt, the stronger asphalt in reducing ballast abrasion percentage.