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The purpose of this research was to know the translations techniques, the accuracy as well as the acceptability of the translations. It was a descriptive-qualitative research with an embedded case study by using pragmatics approach. This research was done by listing the conversations between characters in the Shopaholic to the Rescue novel which contains turns that respond to complaining speech act. Here, the source language and target language were compared to identify the translation techniques. Then, the researcher and the raters assessed the acceptability of the translations by conducting Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The result showed that there are 14 techniques used by the translator, such as established equivalent, variation, pure borrowing, modulation, explicitation, implicitation, addition, transposition, reduction, linguistic compression, literal, generalization, discursive creation, and linguistic amplification. Moreover, the average rate of the acceptability is 2.94 out of 3 which means it is prevalent, in line with the norm as well as the rule of the target language.

Current discourse on maqasid and maslaha has been structurally cooptated into the Western utilitarian framework, in which the two Islamic ethical and legal terms have been largely conflated with secular utility. The original epistemological and axioteleological parameters of what really counts as maslaha are disregarded so that it can be identified with core Western values such as progress, science and development. This paper overviews the nature of, and the reasons for, this cooptation and conflation, and provides general proposals for recovering the true vision and operation of maslaha. Three specific case studies, including on Islamic Finance and the Halal Industry, are presented to further clarify the discussion. Keywords: al-Buti, change, development, Halal industry, Islamic Finance, maqasid, maslaha, Mufti Usmani, progress, secularization, usul al-fiqh, utilitarianism., Lately there has been much abuse of the maqasid and maslaha discourse through its structural cooptation into the Western utilitarian framework, in which maslaha is conflated (2) with utility. The [...]

1. Preamble In the wake of the 2007-2009 financial and economic meltdown, a lot of intellectual and practical work is being done in the area of monetary and economic reform. [...]

Al-Muhasibi's concern in his Makasib is to articulate the dynamic balance and proper relation between the outward pursuit of livelihoods and the inner cultivation of the spiritual virtues, such as tawakkul (reliance on Allah), wara' (scrupulousness) and ta'a (obedience). Once this balance and relation are understood and put into practice, then it can be seen that the cultivation of the inner virtues is compatible with engagement in the daily life of the world, and even demands it for their realization. Keywords: al-Muhasibi; al-Makasib wa al-Wara'; livelihood; economics; reliance; scrupulousness; spiritual and ethical practices; Islamic intellectual tradition; mysticism., The Life and Works of al-Muhasibi (165-243-/781-857) (1) Abu 'Abdillah al-Harith ibn Asad al-'Anazi al-Muhasibi was bom in Basra, Iraq circa 165/782, and moved, while still young, to Baghdad, where [...]

A Little Exchange in the Hamlet of Janda Baik Janda Baik is a lovely Malay-Muslim hamlet nestled amidst the rain-drenched hills and mountains of the Titiwangsa range in west-central peninsular [...]

Ibn Abi al-Dunya's work, Islah al-Mal (Restoration of Wealth), provides a wealth of insight into various attitudes towards wealth and property prevalent among Muslims in the first few centuries of the establishment of Islam as a world religion and civilization. This article introduces the recently published English translation of the work and maps out the general contours of those attitudes. Keywords: Ibn Abi al-Dunya; hifz al-mal; wealth, poverty., Muslims generally know (or should know) that the preservation of wealth (hifz al-mal) is among the injunctions of the religion of Islam, and one of the five maqasid or over-riding [...]

What is the Islamic Gift Economy? The Islamic Gift Economy (IGE) is an integrative economic system that is autonomous and prosperous on its own ethical and structural principles while in [...]

The Importance of History The Qur'an commands us to take lesson or advice from the (hi)stories of people who have gone before us: 'There is certainly advice ('ibrah) in their [...]

This brief overview focuses on the meanings of trade and commerce (tijarah) in Islam and related terms such as kasb, iktisab (earning), wealth (mal), work (camal), money (naqd) and market (suq) as these have been expressed in some salient aspects of early Madman and later Islamic practice, and in their exposition by the classical ulama in their many authoritative works on the fiqh and adab of kasb (legal and ethico-moral aspects of earning a livelihood). Keywords: Trade, commerce, money, kasb, earning, market, Islamic Gift Economy, 'O believers! Give provisions out of the good things you have earned.' (al-Baqarah, 2: 267) 'Wealth decreases not through charity, just as it increases not through perfidy.'' al-Ghazali, Ihya': Adab [...]

Positive resistance to structural greed is imperative, not simply due to its debilitating effects impacting on our livelihoods on a day to day basis, but also because it impinges upon our way of being in this world as Muslims and Christians. A recognition that the economy is simply a means to higher ends--such as happiness, belonging and security--can serve as a good basis for an interfaith dialogue towards overcoming structural greed. Keywords: Structural greed, economics, gift economy, Christians, Muslims, interfaith dialogue., '[Want] cannot be wholly dispelled, for it sits there with its mouth open, making incessant demands, and even if it is gorged with riches, it must still remain there, waiting [...]

A Little Exchange in the Hamlet of Janda Baik Janda Baik is a lovely Malay-Muslim hamlet nestled amidst the rain-drenched hills and mountains of the Titiwangsa range in west-central peninsular [...]

Al-Ghazali's important Kitab Adab al-kasb wal-ma'ash (The Book of the Proprieties of Earning and Living) constitutes Book Three of the Quarter on the norms of daily life From his celebrated magnum opus Ihya' 'ulum al-din (The Revivification of the Sciences of Religion). A reflective reading Oof this work provides valuable insights into the integrative Socio-axiological vision underpinning all commercial Transactions and economic activities in Islam, leading to A succinct re-definition of economics as 'the science of Earning and provisioning' (ilm al-iktisab wa al-infaq), and Thereby doing away with the current obsession with and Anxiety over scarcity in chasing after wants. Keywords: Common good, communities, earning, economics, al-Ghazali, Ihya' Ulum al-Din, iktisab, infaq, kasb, Kitab Adab al-kasb wal-ma'ash., Wealth increases not through perfidy, just as it decreases not through charity. --al-Ghazali Preamble Many Muslim business people take honesty in commercial transactions for granted. This is because they imagine [...]

Muhammad al-Shaybani and his Kitab al-Kasb are introduced, and then seven translated excerpts from the work are presented to illustrate the classical Islamic understanding of the role and purpose of earning a living and of work in general. Keywords: Muhammad al-Shaybani; Kitab al-Kasb; Earning a livelihood; communal solidarity; wealth; agriculture; commerce., The Author of Kitab al-Kasb (1) He is the mujtahid (2) Imam, the great jurisconsult of 'Iraq, Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad b. al-Hasan b. Farqad al-Shaybani. His father was of the [...]

The new kalam (kalam jadid, or new dialectics) intellectual movement initiated by al-Ghazali and matured by Fakhr al-Din al-Razi succeeded in putting the Hellenizing philosophical and natural sciences firmly within the theological and epistemological ambit of tradition. This historical success provides pertinent lessons for Muslim scholars and intellectuals today to formulate what can be called kalam al-asr, or the Dialectics of the Age, in order to bring tradition to engage creatively and evaluatively with the challenge and allure of contemporary secularizing sciences. Keywords: al-'Attas; Dewesternization; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi; al-Ghazali; Islamization of present-day knowledge; kalam al-'asr; kalam jadid; Worldview of Islam., Even as a discourse on religion, kalam obviously inclined, right from the start, to use forms of arguments some of which were clearly employed by ancient (and modern) philosophers; and [...]

This article reflects on what might be called the kasb genre in classical Islamic thought--with special reference to al-Shaybani, al-Ghazali, and al-Dimashqi--and goes on to argue the case for a more beneficial redefinition of economics as the 'science of earning and provisioning for the common good.' Keywords: al-Shaybani, al-Ghazali, al-Dimashqi, kasb, economics, common good., I noticed the significance of Imam al-Shaybani's (132-189/749-804) Kitab al-Kasb through the course of my research on Shaykh Abu Fadl Ja'far ibn 'Ali al-Dimashqi's (fl. 570/1175) remarkable Kitab al-Ishara ila [...]

The Islamic Gift Economy (IGE) is an integrative Islamic economic system that is autonomous and can stand and prosper on its own ethical and economic principles while in constructive engagement with current neo-liberalism, instead of one that is co-opted, wittingly or unwittingly, into the mainstream, free-market capitalist system, as is largely the case with what currently goes by the name of Islamic Banking & Finance (IBF). Keywords: Islamic Gift Economy, mu'amala, partnership, cooperation, moderation, economics of abundance, waqf, common good., Introduction The Islamic Gift Economy (IGE; al-Iqtisad al-Infaqi) can be envisioned as an integrative economic system based on the operative principles of cooperation (ta'awun), (2) mutual consent ('an taradin/muradattin) (3) [...]

Ja'far ibn 'Ali al-Dimashqi (circa 600/1200) is an important thinker in the history of Islamic economic thought. His ideas resonate rather well with current economic rethinking in view of the ongoing financial and economic turmoil. Here, four interesting excerpts from his Kitab al-Isharat ila Mahasin al-Tijarat are translated with light annotations. Keywords: Ja'far ibn 'All al-Dimashqi, Islamic economics, Kitab al-Isharat ila Mahasin al-Tijarat, community, gold, silver, commerce, expenditure, good management., Introduction: The Author and His Work He is the Damascene Shaykh, father of al-Fadl, Ja'far son of 'Ali (al-Shaykh Abu al-Fadl Ja'far ibn 'Ali al-Dimashqi), and the work for which [...]

Mathematics, like all other sciences, exact or inexact, pure or impure, is value-laden. Values were there before the axioms, and the latter embody the former. Hence mathematics is formalization of values by which they are clarified and made operative. This understanding is explored here by suggesting some upstream research programs for Muslim mathematicians as a guide toward operationalizing Islamic values in the sciences through the power of mathematical rigor and objectivity. Keywords: Upstream/downstream research programs; Islamic mathematics; values; value systems; science and values; Islamic worldview., This article is inspired to a large extent by my reading and understanding of the works of Roshdi Rashed (1) and Imre Lakatos. (2) In my opinion their works, among [...]

As a corollary to his argument for the atomic conception of the body (jism), al-Razi also argues for the atomic conception of time, motion, distance and change. Aspects of his [...]

Our interaction with nature is clearly constrained and directed by such foundational ethical precepts as mercy, moderation, and gratitude, which, when systematically understood and applied, result in ecological health. But [...]

The twin historical and philosophical meanings of Islamic science are to be integrated into a third operative, programmatic meaning pertaining to the systemic reapplication of Islamic cognitive and ethical values [...]

Hylomorphism (theory of matter and form) and atomism (theory of atoms and accidents) have been the two main Islamic physical theories attempting to account for the structure of the world, [...]

Situating kalam in its full intellectual historical context reveals it as a systematic theocentric scientific research program possessing of objective cognitive content. On the one hand kalam is about understanding [...]

Islamic Science, Islamization, and the Road Ahead: Conceptual Issues The idea of Islamizing the sciences has become a matter of much passionate discussion and debate among Muslim intellectuals and academicians, [...]

Fakhr al-Din al-Razi's conception of physics and of the nature of the physical world is explored here through a preliminary survey of a number of his early and late works. [...]

Muzaffar Iqbal (ed.). Islam and Science: Historic and Contemporary Perspectives. 4 vols. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2012. 2000+ pages, with index; ISBN for the 4-Volume Set: 978-0-7546-2918-4; 450 [pounds sterling] Website price: [...]

The concept of taskhir in the Qur'an refers to the easily observable fact that nature, in both its cosmic and biospheric dimensions, has been constrained by Allah to render service [...]

Born on September 5, 1931, in Bogor, Java, Syed Muhammad Naquib bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Muhsin al-Attas has spent a lifetime in the pursuit of knowledge rooted in the [...]

The potentialities and role of Islamic transactional law (ITL) and its underpinning axio-teleological concepts are explored in the cause of reclaiming the development process. In the Islamic scheme of values, the economic enterprise is premised on the organization of livelihood for sufficiency rather than perpetual growth so as to ensure overall socio-economic equilibrium. In this respect, there are discernibly close conceptual, structural and functional connections between the socio-economic objectives of ITL and those of the civil economy (CE). By making intelligent use of these substantive connections between ITL and CE, one can then devise effective legal strategies to substantively revive the former by taking strategic advantage of the already existing legal framework governing the latter. Thus, alient aspects of ITL are discussed in terms of invisible structures serving as formal, socio-legal means toward organizing socio-economic sufficiency, with special reference to the institution of waqf (charitable endowment) as a case in point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brian Tokar (ed.), Redesigning Life? The Worldwide Challenge to Genetic Engineering (London and New York: Zed Books, 2001), 440 pp, Pb, index, ISBN 1 85649 835 2 This book documents [...]

Al-Muḥāsibī's concern in his Makāsib is to articulate the dynamic balance and proper relation between the outward pursuit of livelihoods and the inner cultivation of the spiritual virtues, such as tawakkul (reliance on Allāh), wara' (scrupulousness) and ṭā' a (obedience). Once this balance and relation are understood and put into practice, then it can be seen that the cultivation of the inner virtues is compatible with engagement in the daily life of the world, and even demands it for their realization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ja'far ibn 'Alī al-Dimashqī (circa 600/1200) is an important thinker in the history of Islamic economic thought. His ideas resonate rather well with current economic rethinking in view of the ongoing financial and economic turmoil. Here, four interesting excerpts from his Kitāb al-Ishārat ilā Maḥãsin al-Tijãrat are translated with light annotations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a corollary to his argument for the atomic conception of the body ( jism), al-Rāzī also argues for the atomic conception of time, motion, distance and change. Aspects of his argument are presented here through a translational survey of his Maṭālib Āliyyah. For him, if any of the five (body, time, motion, distance, change) is atomistic in structure, then all the others will have to be conceived in atomistic terms as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]