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Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10) ) is essential for all cells, and deficiency has been implicated in cardiovascular disease. Plant phytosterols inhibit cholesterol absorption, and may thereby also reduce cardiovascular risk. This study compared the relative bioavailability of CoQ(10) solubilized in low-dose soybean phytosterols (SterolQ(10) ) with a generic CoQ(10) solubilizate. In a randomized, cross-over design, 36 healthy males received a single 100 mg dose of CoQ(10) , as SterolQ(10) or generic CoQ(10) , with a two-week washout between treatments. Plasma CoQ(10) was analysed at baseline, and at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h after supplement ingestion. Subjects were then administered either 100 mg/day of generic CoQ(10) or SterolQ(10) for 4 weeks. Fasting plasma CoQ(10) levels were measured at baseline and following supplementation. The two preparations were bioequivalent in regard to the area under the curve (AUC(0-10h) ) and maximum increase in concentration (C(max) ), with geometric mean ratios of 0.89 (CI 0.81-0.98) and 0.88 (CI 0.80-0.96), respectively. Four-weeks of CoQ(10) resulted in a comparable twofold increase in CoQ(10) levels for both formulations (p < 0.001), which was similar between preparations (p = 0.74). The combined CoQ(10) and phytosterol formulation, SterolQ(10) , showed bioequivalence to the generic CoQ(10) following a single CoQ(10) dose, and demonstrated comparable bioavailability following multiple dose administration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practical values to guide food choices for control of postprandial glycaemia need to refer to entire foods in amounts customarily consumed. We tested an in vitro method for determining the relative glycaemic impact (RGI) of customarily consumed portions of foods. Sugars released during in vitro pancreatic digestion of eighty-three foods were measured as glucose equivalents (GE) per gram of food, adjusted by the glycaemic indexes of the sugars to obtain glycaemic GE (GGE) per gram and multiplied by food portion weight to obtain the GGE contribution of the food portion, its RGI. The results were compared with clinical GGE values from subjects who consumed the same food amounts. In vitro and in vivo GGE values were significantly correlated, but the slope of the regression equation was significantly less than one, meaning in vitro GGE values overestimated in vivo GGE values. Bland-Altman method comparison showed the in vitro-in vivo disparity to increase as mean GGE increased, suggesting the need to allow for different rates of homeostatic blood glucose disposal (GD) due to different GGE doses in the customarily consumed food portions. After GD correction, Bland-Altman method comparison showed that the bias in predicting in vivo GGE values from in vitro GGE values was almost completely removed (y = 0.071x - 0.89; R2 0.01). We conclude that in vitro food values for use in managing the glycaemic impact of customarily consumed food quantities require correction for blood GD that is dependent on the GGE content of the food portions involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]