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Introduction/Objective. Gunshot residue (GSR) on the skin of a victim are important evidence, with far better precision, for reconstructive questions in the forensic investigation of cases involving gunshot wounds. The aim of this experimental study was to analyze if there was any significant difference in macroscopic characteristics of wounds that were caused with different types of weapons from three different distances. Methods. This study was conducted at the Department of Ballistic and Mechanoscopic Expertise, Federal Police Directorate. Experiments were done on pigskin and 55 samples were made. Shooting was conducted using a system for safe firing. Samples of the pigskin were shot by firing projectiles from four different weapons and from three different distances, (contact wound, five centimetres and 10 centimetres). Results. At the contact range, wounds caused by automatic rifle had horizontal, vertical diameters larger than those made by pistols. Diameters on the wounds that were caused with different pistols, were similar. At the range of five centimetres, the narrowest part of contusion ring significantly differs even through pistol wounds. Diameters at the range of 10 centimetres are in favor of these results. Gunpowder residue scattering area was statistically different depending of type of weapon (p = 0.004). Conclusion. Wound diameters and surface area are useful for differentiation between pistol and rifle caused wounds. It is unsecure method for determination of pistol caliber or fire range. GSR have much greater potential for future analyses, but even GSR cannot be used to determine pistol caliber.

An elevated temperature in the environment increases the core body temperature which stimulates thermoregulatory mechanisms. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of elevated temperature on number and shape of leukocytes using descriptive statistics and geometric morphometrics. The study included 32 Wistar rats divided into two groups according to exposed temperature (41°C and 44°C) and more two subgroups in groups associated with death (antemortem and postmortem). Peripheral blood smears were performed before exposure to temperature and after exposure to temperature. The number of leukocytes was determined. Images of peripheral blood smears were taken, on which eight landmarks on the outside of leukocytes were marked in tpsDig program. In the MorphoJ program, we analyzed shape of leukocytes. The results showed significant differences in the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes in subgroup antemortem and in subgroup postmortem exposed to a temperature of 41°C. In group exposed to a temperature of 44°C, a significant difference was found in the number of all leukocytes, except monocytes in the antemortem subgroup, and except basophils and eosinophils in the postmortem subgroup. The results of geometric morphometrics shape analysis showed significant differences in the shape of lymphocytes between subgroups antemortem and postmortem. Exposure to elevated temperature resulted with number and shape changes of leukocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional database management systems can not deal with big data challenges and too large and complex datasets. Big data covers a wide area of research and work with and on data – large amounts of data, new technologies for storing and processing data as well as changes in the interpretation of data. Apache Hadoop is a platform that was invented to manage big data. Apache Hive is a query and analysis engine built on top of Hadoop. Although Hadoop/Hive can process any amount of data, optimization can significantly improve the processing time and cost. The main idea of the paper is to analyze some possible big data optimization techniques for improving the query performance on Hadoop using Hive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of B&H Electrical Engineering is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To analyze the specific causes of death in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2009 to 2013 based on death certificates. Methodology: The data source was the Statistical Yearbook issued by Institute of Statistics and Institute for Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH). The research covered the period of 5 years, from 2009 to 2013. We analyzed data on 102,036 deceased. Results: The leading cause of death in the FBiH during the analyzed period are Circulatory system disorders (53.2%) with highest distribution in age group 75-79 (19.82%). Female slightly prevail in this group of disorders (53.06%). Group "Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period" (P00-P96) prevail in infant age group (0-1 years) with 59.77%. In the group of violent deaths, accidents prevail with 56.89%. The MD with coroner license, up to 76.59%, determined the largest number of deaths. An increase in the number of unidentified causes of death is spotted, which is in direct correlation with the decrease in the number of autopsies. Conclusion: Causes of death established by coroner's inquest are relevant and reliable only if they were complemented by autopsy. The continued decline in autopsy performance, despite better training of professional staff and an advanced diagnostic procedure leads to an increased number of undetermined deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of B&H Electrical Engineering is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of B&H Electrical Engineering is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bosanskohercegovacka Elektrotehnika is the property of Bosanskohercegovacka Elektrotehnika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Criminal Justice Issues / Kriminalisticke Teme is the property of Fakultet Kriminalistickih Nauka Univerziteta U Sarajevu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The aim of the study was determining the type of weapon and shooting distance depending on chemical analysis of inorganic gunshot residue from the skin gunshot wounds in experimental animals (pigs). Methods: Experimental study was conducted in order to determine components and their percentage in gunshot residue (GSR). In 60 samples, pig skin was shot by firing projectiles from four different weapons and from three different distances (contact wound and near contact wound from 5 cm and 10 cm). The methodology included determining the presence of inorganic material: antimony, barium, lead, nickel, zinc and copper in the skin and subcutaneous tissue using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Results: Formula for determining weapon type was provided cutt-off points for different weapons, with 78.6% of original grouped cases being correctly classified. Formula for determining weapon type was provided cutt-off points for different distances, with 58.9% of original grouped cases being correctly classified, which was slightly less reliable compared to weapon type discrimination analysis. Conclusion: The presented study showed that chemical analysis of GSR in entrance wound with AAS could be useful in determining the type of weapon, as well as the shooting distance, i.e. in our study, determining whether the wound is contact or near contact. This could be particularly useful in postmortally putrefied or charred bodies with gunshot wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interdisciplinary application of data mining is linked with the ability to receive and process the large amounts of data. Although even the first computers could help in executing the tasks that required accuracy and reliability atypical to the human way of information processing, only increasing the speed of computer processors and advances in computer science have introduced the possibility that computers can play a more active role in decision making. Applications of these features are found in medicine, where data mining is used in clinical trials to determine the factors that influence health, and examine the effectiveness of medical treatments. With its ability to detect patterns and similarities within the data, data mining can help determine the statistical significance, pointing to the complex combinations of factors that cause certain effect. Such approach opens the opportunities of deeper analysis than it is the case with reliance solely on statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper deals with the Differential Evolution (DE) based method for identification of the heat equation parameters applied for the estimation of a bare overhead conductor`s temperature. The parameters are determined in the optimization process using a dynamic model of the conductor; the measured environmental temperature, solar radiation and wind velocity; the current and temperature measured on the tested overhead conductor; and the DE, which is applied as the optimization tool. The main task of the DE is to minimise the difference between the measured and model-calculated conductor temperatures. The conductor model is relevant and suitable for the prediction of the conductor temperature, as the agreement between measured and model-calculated conductor temperatures is exceptional, where the deviation between mean and maximum measured and model-calculated conductor temperatures is less than 0.03 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teeth are excellent material for anthropological, genetic, odontological and forensic research and they have great role in forensic practice. They are well preserved after death and they exhibit remarkable sexual dimorphism. Hence, they provide excellent materials for forensic investigations intended for sex assessment. Sexual dimorphism refers to the differences in size, stature and appearance between male and female and is a useful tool to distinguish them, especially in forensic investigations and anthropological assessments. The canines are favoured as ideal teeth to study these differences in view of their durability in the oral cavity. The aim of of this study was to examine the degree of sexual dimorphism in permanent teeth of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian population based on odontometric characteristics of mandibular and maxillary canines. A total of 720 permanent teeth in 180 individuals (90 males and 90 females) were examined. The greatest mesiodistal width of all four canines and intercanine distance were measured directly in the patients' mouth using a digital sliding meter and values were expressed up to the hundredth part of millimetre. Subsequently, canine index was calculated for both sides. Statistical analysis was done to assess sex difference using Students "t" test (paired). It was found that males have bigger teeth than females (p<0.001). The mean value of the canines width in males and females on the right and left sides were compared by usingthe t-test and was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). Sexual dimorphism was calculated and maxillary canine was found to be more dimorphic than mandibular canine (p<0.01). The right canine was found to be more dimorphic than left canine (p<0.01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]