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The evaluation of education environment is essential to provide to the professors a better understanding of the teaching process. One valuable tool for this assessment is the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM). This questionnaire has 50 questions and is divided in five dimensions: D1--Perceptions of teaching, D2--Perceptions of teacher, D3--Academic self-perceptions, D4--Perception of atmosphere, D5--Social self-perception. Although it was first elaborated to undergraduate medical students, it has been used to other health areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate learning environment of a dental postgraduate course in a Brazilian University. Twenty-one students of master degree and PhD program in Periodontics were invited to answer the DREEM questionnaire. The mean age of the students was 27.4 years old. The total DREEM mean was 146.8, presenting a positive learning environment. Possible correlations were analyzed by Spearman's correlation test (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between total DREEM and all 5 dimensions (p<0.05). The highest correlation was total DREEM with academic self-perceptions (r = 0.938). There was no correlation between age and distance from parents home (p>0.05). In conclusion, the postgraduate learning environment is positive and students are satisfied. This questionnaire was very efficient and provided important information to maintain or improve our learning environment.

Clinical education in dental practice is a challenge for professionals and students. The traditional method of clinical training in Periodontology usually is based on following the procedure and practicing under supervision, until achieving proficiency. However, laboratory practice is required before direct care in patients. Specific anatomic plastic models can be useful, but animal cadaver models provide better similarity to human tissues. The objectives of this study are to describe a model for training periodontal surgical techniques in a pig mandible model and evaluate the effect of the program on student's progress. Several surgical procedures were critically analyzed and trained with graduate students, including: gingivoplasty/gingivectomy, distal wedge procedure, frenectomy, internal bevel incision, total/partial flap, furcation access, gingival grafts and suture techniques. These procedures were theoretically reminded before laboratory practice. A questionnaire was applied concerning aspects of the laboratory and students provided their concepts and impression. The majority of the students scored positive aspects related to laboratory practice. Based on the questionnaire answers, we observed that the practical laboratory helped in the assimilation of the theoretical content and improved skills in the practice of periodontal surgical techniques. Graduate students were also more confident in performing these surgical procedures directly on the patient. Another positive aspect is the similarity of pig teeth and gingival tissues to human correspondent, being especially appropriate for surgical demonstration and training with excellent reproducibility. The laboratorial practice with pig mandible for graduate students was a valuable tool to improve periodontal surgical techniques.

Aim: To answer the following PECO question: "In systemically healthy human subjects (P), which are the differences between peri‐implantitis (E) and peri‐implant health/mucositis (C) in terms of bacterial presence/count (O)?" Materials and Methods: Cross‐sectional studies fulfilling specific inclusion criteria established to answer the PECO question were included. Two review authors independently searched for studies, screened the titles and abstracts, did full‐text analysis, extracted the data from the included reports, and performed the risk of bias assessment through an adaptation of the Newcastle/Ottawa tool for cross‐sectional studies and of the JBI critical appraisal checklist. In case of disagreement, a third reviewer author took the final decision. Study results were summarized using random effects meta‐analyses. Results: A total of 12 studies were included, involving 1233 participants and 1513 implants. Peri‐implantitis was associated with the presence of S. epidermidis (Odds ratio, OR = 10.28 [95% Confidence interval, CI: 1.26–83.98]), F. nucleatum (OR = 7.83 [95% CI: 2.24–27.36]), T. denticola (OR = 6.11 [95% CI: 2.72–13.76]), T. forsythia (OR = 4.25 [95% CI: 1.71–10.57]), P. intermedia (OR = 3.79 [95% CI: 1.07–13.35]), and P. gingivalis (OR = 2.46 [95% CI: 1.21–5.00]). Conversely, the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans (OR = 3.82 [95% CI: 0.59–24.68]), S. aureus (OR = 1.05 [95% CI: 0.06–17.08]), and C. rectus (OR = 1.48 [95% CI: 0.69–3.17]) was not associated with peri‐implantitis. Conclusions: Peri‐implantitis is associated with the presence of S. epidermidis and specific periodontopathogens (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, F. nucleatum, and P. intermedia). (CRD42021254589) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bone demineralization has shown to be advantageous in autogenous onlay bone grafts and in pre-osteoblasts cultures, but such procedure has never been evaluated in particulate bone grafts. This study aimed to investigate the role of two demineralizing agents in the repair of the 8-mm critical-size defects in rats' calvaria.Methods: Eighty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of eight groups as follows: particulate autogenous bone demineralized with citric acid for 15 seconds (CA15), 30 seconds (CA30), or 60 seconds (CA60); particulate autogenous bone demineralized with tetracycline hydrochloride for 15 seconds (TCN15), 30 seconds (TCN30), or 60 seconds (TCN60); blood clot (NC), and non-demineralized autogenous bone (PC). The calvariae were harvested at 30 and 60 postoperative days (n = 5) for blinded histological and histometric analysis of the percentage area of newly formed bone within the defects.Results: In the NC and TCN groups, bone formation was limited to the margins of the defects at 30 postoperative days, whereas complete closure was present in all the specimens from CA15 group. Both at 30 and 60 postoperative days, histomorphometry showed significant higher area of newly formed bone in specimens demineralized with CA than in those demineralized with TCN or non-demineralized (P < 0.05). TCN appeared to impair bone neoformation, as its use produced similar or inferior results compared to blood clot.Conclusions: Demineralization of particulate bone grafts with CA during 15s enhanced the regeneration of critical-size defects and may be a promising adjuvant in regenerative procedures. TCN seems to be improper for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a potentially fatal complex autoimmune disease, that is characterized by widespread inflammation manifesting tissue damage and comorbidities across the human body including heart, blood vessels, joints, skin, liver, kidneys, and periodontal tissues. The etiology of SLE is partially attributed to a deregulated inflammatory response to microbial dysbiosis and environmental changes. In the mouth, periodontal environment provides an optimal niche for local and systemic inflammation. Our aim was to evaluate the reciprocal impact of periodontal subgingival microbiome on SLE systemic inflammation. Methods: Ninety-one female subjects were recruited, including healthy (n = 31), SLE-inactive (n = 29), and SLE-active (n = 31). Patients were screened for probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and classified according to CDC/AAP criteria with or without periodontal dysbiosis. Serum inflammatory cytokines were measured by human cytokine panel and a targeted pathogenic subgingival biofilm panel was examined by DNA-DNA checkerboard from subgingival plaque samples. Results: The results showed significant upregulation of serum proinflammatory cytokines in individuals with SLE when compared to controls. Stratification of subject's into SLE-inactive (I) and SLE-active (A) phenotypes or periodontitis and non-periodontitis groups provided new insights into SLE pathophysiology. Ten proinflammatory cytokines were upregulated in serum of SLE-I only and one in SLE-A only. Four molecules overlapped in SLE-A and SLE-I. Anti-inflammatory cytokines included IL-4 IL-10, which were upregulated in SLE-I sera (but not SLE-A), controlling clinical phenotypes. Out of 24 significant differential oral microbial abundances found in SLE, 14 unique subgingival bacteria profiles were found to be elevated in SLE. The most severe oral pathogens (Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia) showed increase abundances on SLE-A periodontal sites when compared to SLE-I and healthy controls. Inflammation as measured by cytokine-microbial correlations showed that periodontal pathogens dominating the environment increased proinflammatory cytokines systemically. Conclusions: Altogether, low-grade systemic inflammation that influenced SLE disease activity and severity was correlated to dysbiotic changes of the oral microbiota present in periodontal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: The aim of this interventional, parallel‐assignment, single‐blinded, randomized, efficacy study was to investigate the efficacy of the treatment of gingival recessions by osteogenic cell transfer. This is the first randomized clinical trial of this nature. Material and Methods: Treatment of Miller class I or II gingival recessions >4 mm was randomly defined by casual sorting and performed by newly forming bone graft (NFBG) and coronally advanced flap (CAF) or subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and CAF (control). Clinical examinations were performed by a single blinded examiner at baseline and at 3, 6, and 9 months after surgery. Parameters investigated were recession height (REC), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level, gingival bleeding index (GBI), plaque index (PlI), and keratinized gingiva width (KGW). Results: Both techniques achieved similar percentage of root coverage, but NFBG was more effective in pocket depth reduction, attachment level gain, and reduction of plaque accumulation and of bleeding on probing. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the transfer of osteogenic cells by NFBG is able to improve clinical attachment level and to cover denuded roots. NFBG can be used as an alternative treatment of deep recessions (≥4 mm), where the restoration of lost periodontal tissues is intended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anastrozole is a well‐known anticancer drug used in aromatase‐dependent cancer chemotherapy as a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. Investigations involving the adsorption of anastrozole on gold surfaces are on demand, because gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used as nanocarriers of drugs, and such a compound can be used against aromatase‐expressing neoplastic cells. In this work, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy was used to investigate the interaction between anastrozole and the surfaces of AuNPs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to simulate the molecular interactions with gold atom through two possible ways, triazole or nitrile moieties. Experimental results, supported by DFT calculations to assign main vibrational modes, indicate that the nitrile groups are the most preferred anchorage moieties for the adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) survival rate is influenced by the fact that diagnoses occur mostly in late stages of the disease. Thus, there is a clear contribution in the early findings, making the use of minimally invasive techniques for diagnosis, such as analysis of salivary markers, interesting tools. Methods A systematic review was performed with all studies that establish a comparison between the levels of saliva-based markers found in patients with OSCC compared with cancer-free individuals. Results Twenty-eight studies were included. Of them, only 12 showed some caution with oral conditions before sample collection. A wide range of potential markers was evaluated; however, the comparison between studies was impaired because each marker was hardly explored by more than 1 article. Conclusion The lack of methodological criteria within studies and the absence of consensus on marker choice are obstacles for future researches. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 797-811, 2017 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Considering the role of growth factors in periodontal regeneration, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1), alone or in combination, on the rate of proliferation and adhesion of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vitro.Methods: After establishment and characterization of a primary culture of PDL cells, 72 culture dishes were plated with 103 cells distributed among four test groups and a control group. Test groups had PDGF-BB, TGF-β1, IGF-1, or a combination of all three added to the culture medium, whereas the control group received no growth factor. The samples were counted in triplicate 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after seeding. For the adhesion assay, 14 patients provided 30 root fragments distributed among 10 groups: scaling and root planing (SRP), SRP + growth factors, SRP + citric acid plus tetracycline (CA+T), and SRP + (CA+T) + growth factors. The data were evaluated statistically by analysis of variance complemented by Tukey, Dunnett, and Student-Newman-Keuels methods.Results: Maximum rates of proliferation were observed at day 3 for all groups. TGF-β1 induced a 344.17% ± 58.80% increased proliferation rate over control (P <0.05), followed by the combination (277.5% ± 29.38%), PDGF-BB (238.79% ± 5.79%), and IGF-1 (233.16% ± 19.19%). Groups treated by (CA+T) showed increased numbers of cells attached to root fragments, especially SRP + (CA+T) + combination (13.25 ± 1.79), with significant differences (P <0.05) from groups treated only by SRP.Conclusion: This combination of growth factors stimulated a mitogenic response and favored the adhesion of PDL cells in vitro, suggesting its possible role in periodontal regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective Many techniques and flap designs have been used to treat gingival recession by root coverage, but subepithelial connective tissue graft ( SCTG) seems to be the gold standard procedure. In an attempt to improve the healing process and increase the success rate of root coverage, some authors have used root modifiers, including different root conditioners, lasers, EMD, recombinant human growth factors and platelet-rich plasma ( PRP). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of root biomodification in clinical outcomes of gingival recessions treated with SCTG. Material and Methods Studies reporting SCTG associated with any form of root surface biomodification for root coverage of gingival recessions (Miller Class I and Class II) were considered as eligible for inclusion. Studies needed to have data of clinical outcomes in a follow up of at least 6 months. Screening of the articles, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate. Results None of the products evaluated (citric acid, EDTA, PRP, lasers and EMD) showed evident benefits in clinical outcomes. Test and control groups presented similar outcomes related to root coverage and periodontal parameters, with no statistical differences between them. The exception was root biomodification with the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd: YAG) laser, which impaired root coverage and had a detrimental effect on clinical outcomes. Conclusion Based on the present clinical data, the use of root surface modifiers to improve clinical outcomes in gingival recessions treated with SCTG is not justified. More in vivo studies, and randomized clinical trials with larger sample sizes and extended follow up, are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an air-gap torque (AGT)-based method for efficiency estimation of induction motors. A new concept of stator resistance that includes the mechanical losses effect is proposed. This new stator resistance is estimated through a particle swarm optimization approach based on the stator flux equations and minimization of torque error at the rated operation point. Then, the obtained stator resistance is used in the AGT equations to estimate the shaft torque and then the efficiency. Moreover, the rotor speed is estimated using induction motor current signature analysis. Thus, the proposed methodology for induction motor efficiency estimation relies only on line currents, line voltages, and nameplate data, being appropriate for in-service applications. Finally, the simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed method at different load conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A new route for the production of oxide glasses containing copper nanoparticles was explored. The antimony(iii) oxide redox route allowed the use of the reducing properties of α-Sb2O3 during melting to decrease the oxidation number of copper ions in the glassy matrix. Such glasses have different CuII/CuI ratios in their composition, as well as different metallic copper nanoparticles with different size distributions depending on Sb2O3 content. The electronic spectrum of 0.3NaPO3–0.6Sb2O3–0.1CuO glass showed a band at 585 nm assigned to the localized surface plasmon resonance transition from copper nanoparticles, which is a very important property for surface-enhanced spectroscopies. Raman spectroscopy studies of these glasses showed that the short range structure around Sb atoms is closely related to the high temperature β-Sb2O3 phase. Upon heating, α-Sb2O3→α-Sb2O4→β-Sb2O4→β-Sb2O3 phase transitions occurred with increasing temperatures. The short range structures of the glass-forming liquid and the resulting glass were shown to be related to the most stable phase at the melting temperature. Surface enhanced fluorescence spectra from ErIII ions, induced by the presence of copper nanoparticles, could be observed in doped glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Specimens of neotropical Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) were collected and identified morphologically. We amplified three genes for phylogenetic analysis–the single copy nuclear white and CAD genes, and the COI barcode region. Since we had multiple specimens for most species we were able to test how well the single or combined genes were able to corroborate morphologically defined species by placing the species into exclusive groups. We found that single genes, including the COI barcode region, were poor at confirming species, but that the three genes combined were able to do so much better. This has implications for species identification, species delimitation, and species discovery, and we caution that single genes are not enough. Higher level groupings were partially resolved with some well-supported groupings, whereas others were found to be either polyphyletic or paraphyletic. There were examples of known groups, such as the Myzorhynchella Section, which were poorly supported with single genes but were well supported with combined genes. From this we can infer that more sequence data will be needed in order to show more higher-level groupings with good support. We got unambiguously good support (0.94–1.0 Bayesian posterior probability) from all DNA-based analyses for a grouping of An. dunhami with An. nuneztovari and An. goeldii, and because of this and because of morphological similarities we propose that An. dunhami be included in the Nuneztovari Complex. We obtained phylogenetic corroboration for new species which had been recognised by morphological differences; these will need to be formally described and named. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new records of Anopheles homunculus in the eastern part of the Atlantic Forest are reported. This species was found for the first time in Barra do Ouro district, Maquiné municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state, located in the southern limit of the Atlantic Forest. The 2nd new record was in the Serra Bonita Reserve, Camacan municipality, southeast Bahia state. These records extend the geographical distribution of An. homunculus, suggesting that the species may be widely distributed in coastal areas of the Atlantic Forest. It is hypothesized that the disjunct distribution of the species may be caused by inadequate sampling, and also difficulties in species identification based only on female external characteristics. Species identification was based on morphological characters of the male, larva, and pupa, and corroborated by DNA sequence analyses, employing data from both 2nd internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA and of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Int J Dent Hygiene , 2011; 21-29 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2009.00423.x Carrilho Neto A, De Paula Ramos S, Sant'ana ACP, Passanezi E. Oral health status among hospitalized patients. To investigate into oral health status and its association with health status in hospitalized patients. A total of 82 patients were examined and 49 (59.7%) patients were men. The patients answered a survey and oral examinations to detect the number of teeth, oral hygiene index, prostheses hygiene, oral lesions, caries, dental plaque index (DPI), gingival inflammation index (GI), gingival bleeding index, periodontitis and periodontal index. Oral hygiene was associated with age, but it was not related to physical disability. Difficulty eating was mainly associated with age and tooth loss. All full and partially dentate patients presented dental plaque, 38 (69%) poor oral hygiene, 58 (98.1%) gingival inflammation, 41 (74.5%) periodontal disease and 33 (60%) caries. Oral lesions were detected in 30 (36.5%) and candidiasis ( n = 16, 19.6%) was the most frequent mucous lesion. Caries were associated with smoking and poor oral hygiene. Hospital length of stay and age were associated with increased DPI and GI. The majority of hospitalized patients did not present satisfactory oral hygiene. Caries and periodontal diseases are associated with health behaviours. Increased time length at hospital could increase gingival inflammation and dental plaque accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Reversed chloroquine (RCQ) is a multiple ligand compound active against chloroquine-sensitive and resistant falciparum malaria. It is composed by a 4-aminoquinoline moiety (like that present in chloroquine (CQ)) joined to imipramine (IMP), a modulating agent that also showed intrinsic antiplasmodial activity against Brazilian Plasmodium falciparum isolates resistant to CQ. Molecular modeling and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) studies strongly suggest that the interaction between RCQ and heme is predominant through the quinoline moiety in a mechanism of action similar to that observed for CQ. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Considering the role of growth factors in periodontal regeneration, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1), alone or in combination, on the rate of proliferation and adhesion of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vitro.Methods: After establishment and characterization of a primary culture of PDL cells, 72 culture dishes were plated with 10(3) cells distributed among four test groups and a control group. Test groups had PDGF-BB, TGF-beta1, IGF-1, or a combination of all three added to the culture medium, whereas the control group received no growth factor. The samples were counted in triplicate 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after seeding. For the adhesion assay, 14 patients provided 30 root fragments distributed among 10 groups: scaling and root planing (SRP), SRP + growth factors, SRP + citric acid plus tetracycline (CA+T), and SRP + (CA+T) + growth factors. The data were evaluated statistically by analysis of variance complemented by Tukey, Dunnett, and Student-Newman-Keuels methods.Results: Maximum rates of proliferation were observed at day 3 for all groups. TGF-beta1 induced a 344.17% +/- 58.80% increased proliferation rate over control (P < 0.05), followed by the combination (277.5% +/- 29.38%), PDGF-BB (238.79% +/- 5.79%), and IGF-1 (233.16% +/- 19.19%). Groups treated by (CA+T) showed increased numbers of cells attached to root fragments, especially SRP + (CA+T) + combination (13.25 +/- 1.79), with significant differences (P < 0.05) from groups treated only by SRP.Conclusion: This combination of growth factors stimulated a mitogenic response and favored the adhesion of PDL cells in vitro, suggesting its possible role in periodontal regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Inulin and modified tiger nut starch were good encapsulating materials. • Microencapsulation increased tiger nut milk (TNM) shelf life. • Microencapsulated tiger nut milk was microbiologically stable. • Tiger nut milk microcapsules were characterized as thermo resistant. Abstract Tiger nut milk is a nutrient rich drink with great commercialization potential. However, it is highly perishable. Microencapsulation of tiger nut milk by a blend of inulin and modified tiger nut starch resulted in a product with good characteristics. The microspheres of lyophilized tiger nut milk were spherical with and average particle size of 1.01 μm. It's thermal degradation occurred above 346 °C, denoting an excellent thermal resistance. There was no significant structural alteration in the active material after microencapsulation and no loss of stability within 60 days, which confirms that this process enables the preservation of freshness and chemical characteristics of tiger nut milk. During 30–90 days, vitamin C contents were stable in the presence or absence of light. Microsphere with tiger nut milk presented a shelf life of 60 days. Total aerobic mesophiles and total fungi counts were below 106 CFU/mL, showing good microbiological stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specimens of neotropical Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) were collected and identified morphologically. We amplified three genes for phylogenetic analysis–the single copy nuclear white and CAD genes, and the COI barcode region. Since we had multiple specimens for most species we were able to test how well the single or combined genes were able to corroborate morphologically defined species by placing the species into exclusive groups. We found that single genes, including the COI barcode region, were poor at confirming species, but that the three genes combined were able to do so much better. This has implications for species identification, species delimitation, and species discovery, and we caution that single genes are not enough. Higher level groupings were partially resolved with some well-supported groupings, whereas others were found to be either polyphyletic or paraphyletic. There were examples of known groups, such as the Myzorhynchella Section, which were poorly supported with single genes but were well supported with combined genes. From this we can infer that more sequence data will be needed in order to show more higher-level groupings with good support. We got unambiguously good support (0.94–1.0 Bayesian posterior probability) from all DNA-based analyses for a grouping of An. dunhami with An. nuneztovari and An. goeldii, and because of this and because of morphological similarities we propose that An. dunhami be included in the Nuneztovari Complex. We obtained phylogenetic corroboration for new species which had been recognised by morphological differences; these will need to be formally described and named. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]