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Harmonious voluntary movements require efficiency in their planning and execution. Throughout middle childhood structural changes in the central nervous and musculoskeletal systems influence these processes and resultant motor behavior. In this study, we evaluated the characteristics of the motor planning and executing of aiming movements directed at targets located in different positions in space in children aged 7, 9, and 11 years. We divided 43 right-handed children, into three age groups and instructed them to perform aiming movements directed at targets using a stylus on a digital tablet. The children performed the movement with their dominant upper limbs from a starting point towards targets positioned ipsilaterally or contralaterally to this dominant limb. We analyzed temporal and spatial variables of motor performance. Younger (7-year-old) children made more errors in the initial movement direction and more frequently corrected their movements during task execution when compared to 9- and 11-year-old children who did not differ from each other. All age groups were similar in movement accuracy and precision. Movements toward contralateral targets were slower and more accurate than movements toward ipsilateral targets for all groups. These results show that performing aiming movements develop with the onset of middle childhood.

BACKGROUND: Walking across unstable surfaces disturbs normal stability and efficient strategies must be used to avoid falls. This study identified age-related changes in gait during unstable surface walking. METHOD: Eight healthy younger-old adults (YOG, mean age, 68.6 years) and eight healthy older-old adults (OOG, mean age, 82.1 years) were assessed. Both groups performed the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and walked on a rigid and on a compliant surface while kinematic data were obtained. RESULTS: The OOG needed more time to complete the TUG test compared to YOG (F1,14=5.18; p=0.04). The gait speed, stride length and vertical displacement of the foot were similar for both groups, but they were slower (F1,14=5.64; p=0.03) when walking on the compliant surface. The knee and hip range of motion on the sagittal plane (F1,14=191.9; pCONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Caminhar em superfícies instáveis perturba a estabilidade corporal, e estratégias eficientes devem ser utilizadas para evitar quedas. Objetivo: Identificar alterações da marcha relacionadas ao envelhecimento durante a caminhada em superfície instável. MÉTODO: Oito idosos jovens sadios (GIJ, idade média, 68,6 anos) e oito idosos muito idosos sadios (GMI, idade média, 82,1 anos) foram avaliados. Ambos os grupos realizaram o Teste Timed Up and Go (TUG) e andaram sobre uma superfície rígida e uma complacente, enquanto dados cinemáticos foram registrados. RESULTADOS: O GMI levou mais tempo para completar o TUG quando comparado ao GIJ (F1,14=5,18; p=0,04). A velocidade, o comprimento do passo e o deslocamento vertical do pé foram similares entre os grupos, e ambos foram mais lentos (F1,14=5,64; p=0.03) ao andar sobre a superfície complacente. A amplitude de movimento do joelho e do quadril no plano sagital (F1,14=191,9; p