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This article considers the factors which led to the creation of the Appeals Board and the manner of its operation. The Appeals Board can be examined in the perspective of the substantial changes which have taken place in the Irish trade union movement. The authors of the Constitution of the Irish Trade Union Congress were clearly not only exercised by the desire to obtain a merely formal unity. Among the functions of the new Congress were declared to be those of encouraging the effective organization of workers in appropriate unions, the reconciliation of the views and relationships of unions organizing similar classes of workers and, by the encouragement of amalgamation and the reduction in the number of such unions.