Search

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most important causes of disability worldwide. While recent work provides insights into the molecular alterations in the brain of patients with MDD, whether these molecular signatures can be associated with the expression of specific symptom domains remains unclear. Here, we identified sex-specific gene modules associated with the expression of MDD, combining differential gene expression and co-expression network analyses in six cortical and subcortical brain regions. Our results show varying levels of network homology between males and females across brain regions, although the associations between these structures and the expression of MDD remain highly sex specific. We refined these associations to several symptom domains and identified transcriptional signatures associated with distinct functional pathways, including GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, metabolic processes and intracellular signal transduction, across brain regions associated with distinct symptomatic profiles in a sex-specific fashion. In most cases, these associations were specific to males or to females with MDD, although a subset of gene modules associated with common symptomatic features in both sexes were also identified. Together, our findings suggest that the expression of distinct MDD symptom domains associates with sex-specific transcriptional structures across brain regions.

The text has an obvious identity; but context potentially refers to a set of perceptions and beliefs that originate from imagining the future, scientific hypotheses, religious beliefs, general and cultural beliefs, and the reader's perception of the author's mentality. By combining text and context, various "discourses" and interpretations are formed, all of which end up with the reader's freedom of action in giving meaning to the text and the death of the author, and thus the value of the literary work compared to the cultural, literary and social capital of a language is evaluated The same thing that happens in rectification Hafez Shiraz narrated by Ahmad Shamlou and Diwan Hafez with correction and narration and new reading, based on speculations (reading strategy), reading unwritten texts (white reading) and removing or selecting prominent elements (omission and highlighting) and identity and form Different accepts that it originates from the inclusive worldview and within the framework of the text's signs, and it follows different "horizons of expectations" both for and against. The present research, using the method of qualitative analysis and using library studies, in order to express this issue, comes to the conclusion that the striking compatibility of Shamlu's work with the components of the "Reader-centered" approach and his success in provoking the audience's reaction is due to the high frequency of the component "omission and highlighting" and "waiting horizon" are discussed in the work.

Scientific journals are considered as a key axis in the transfer and spreading of knowledge in various fields of study, and the promotion of research depends on the activities carried out in these journals. In Literary Arts Journal, significant and applied studies are not few. Hence, considering the scientific nature that such studies give to literary studies, they help a lot in rejecting the thinking in which literature is considered a matter of taste and being unscientific. Therefore, analytical and pathological approaches to explain the positive and negative points of the articles could be beneficial. The extent of research in the field of rhetorical sciences, especially the field of expression studies, as the most prominent form of transmission and spread of literary knowledge, highlights the importance of content and methodological analysis of suchresearch.Therefore, this research evaluates the content and structure of the articles with a descriptive-analytical approach and leads to the point that some of the articles have weaknesses in terms of structure, content, and violation of rules in using sources. The results could help provide a basis for scientific journals to include rules in their guidelines that could raise the quality of rhetorical studies on the subject of rhetoric and increase referrals to them. IntroductionRhetorical issues are considered as one of the main research approaches in the field of Persian language and literature, in which the application of literary techniques and how to express meaning are discussed. Although such an approach to literary works has a long history and is considered an ancient science, as long as the expression of emotions and actions of the human soul are endless and take a different color in each age and time, such sciences will inevitably need to progress and evolve according to it. This depends on scientific research that provides this platform with a new structure and content. DiscussionIn facing a text, the researcher is confronted with the outer and superficial layers on the one hand and the hidden layer of meaning and content on the other hand. Asthe effect of structure on the content and vice versa is inevitable, in designing the frameworks and general principles of literary research, paying attention to the text content is especially important. Accordingly, what forms the general principles of evaluation and analysis of research works can be examined in two areas.2-1. Structural factors and research methodologyIf we consider the structure and methodology of research as a set of strategies of the research path, from the choice of title to conclusion, it is natural that each science has its structure according to the subject and principles, so that thinkers in that field, using those principles, organize the information based on the initial hypothesis or question and form new findings and ideas. In general, regarding the structural elements suitable for scientific research, several rules have been proposed by experts in this field, according to which specific structural elements can be determined for literary research. Elements such as; title, abstract, keywords, introduction, research question, research hypothesis, research method, research background, necessity and importance of research, theoretical foundations, analysis, conclusion, and references can be considered as a fixed structural model in literary research.2-2. Important components in content analysis and specialized concepts of the textRegarding the research content, the main focus is on the achievement or role of the research work in scientific progress; in other words, in this part of the work, the researcher needs to clearly and unambiguously state the benefits and achievements of the research. If he/she cannot convey it to the audience with a certain verbal skill, the value of the achievement could not be understood by the audience. ConclusionExisting research in the field of rhetoric in the Literary Arts Journal were evaluated using the components of quality assessment of articles. The results show the following:In the title section: Despite the observance of structural principles in choosing the title, little effort has been made to innovate and take initiative in this area.Abstract: The abstract structure of most articles in the statistical community is not in line with the structural principles of the research.Keywords: In most articles, keywords are in accordance with the structural and content criteria of an original research.Introduction: The text of the introduction in the articles of the statistical community has a relatively high clarity and eloquence.Problem statement: In case studies, the problem statement is not very important and up-to-date.Research objectives: only a small percentage of articles have well stated the purpose of the research.Research questions and hypotheses: In the research, little attention has been paid to the purpose and research questions and hypotheses.Research background: Despite the emphasis of the Literary Arts Journal method on mentioning the research background, some articles i community have not mentioned it.Research method: A small percentage of have a research method.The content of the reviewed articles has high quality suggesting the sufficient mastery and knowledge of the researchers in the field of research.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common consequences of chronic stress. Still, there is currently no reliable biomarker to detect individuals at risk to develop the disease. Recently, the retina emerged as an effective way to investigate psychiatric disorders using the electroretinogram (ERG). In this study, cone and rod ERGs were performed in male and female C57BL/6 mice before and after chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Mice were then divided as susceptible or resilient to stress. Our results suggest that CSDS reduces the amplitude of both oscillatory potentials and a-waves in the rods of resilient but not susceptible males. Similar effects were revealed following the analysis of the cone b-waves, which were faster after CSDS in resilient mice specifically. In females, rod ERGs revealed age-related changes with no change in cone ERGs. Finally, our analysis suggests that baseline ERG can predict with an efficacy up to 71% the expression of susceptibility and resilience before stress exposition in males and females. Overall, our findings suggest that retinal activity is a valid biomarker of stress response that could potentially serve as a tool to predict whether males and females will become susceptible or resilient when facing CSDS.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) is a growing clinical concern worldwide. The main aims of this study were to detect qnr-encoding genes and to evaluate the clonal relatedness of qnr-positive Enterobacter cloacae isolates. METHODS: A total of 116 E. cloacae isolates that were not susceptible to quinolone were obtained from seven hospitals in Tehran, five hospitals in Qazvin, and two hospitals in Karaj (Iran). Bacterial identification was performed using standard laboratory methods and API 20E strips. Quinolone resistance was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. PCR and sequencing were employed to detect qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS genes, and clonal relatedness was assessed using the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR method. RESULTS: In total, 45 (38.8%) and 71 (61.2%) of isolates showed high- and low-level quinolone resistance, respectively, and qnr-encoding genes were detected in 70 (60.3%) of them. qnrB1 [45 (38.8%) isolates] was the most commonly detected gene, followed by qnrS1 [28 (24.1%) isolates] and qnrB4 [18 (15.5%) isolates] either alone or in combination with other genes. The results of the ERIC-PCR revealed that 53 (75.7%) qnr-positive isolates were genetically unrelated. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes, for the first time, the high prevalence of the qnrB1, qnrS1, and qnrB4 genes among E. cloacae isolates in Iran. The detection of qnr genes emphasizes the need for establishing tactful policies associated with infection control measures in hospital settings in Iran.

Background & Aim: Chronic diseases are one of the most prevalent health problems affecting the quality of an adolescentchr('39')s interaction with others. Social support can be important particularly during adolescence due to the many internal and external changes that happen to a person. This study aimed to determine the levels of perceived social support and its correlated factors in adolescents with chronic disease. Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 172 adolescents 11-16 years with a chronic disease referred to Tehran’s selected hospitals, were included using purposive sampling during three months in 2014. Data were collected through “children and adolescents social support questionnaire”. Data were analyzed by independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression on SPSS software v.22. Results: The total score of perceived social support (45.46±5.88) was at a high level. Among the demographic factors, gender (P

Objectives: This study was conducted to explore the barriers to physical activity in a representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents.Methods: The studywas conducted in 2007 in urban and rural areas of Isfahan district in Iran. In the qualitative part,we used the grounded theory approach, including semi-structured focus group discussionsand in-depth interviews. The quantitative part comprised 600 randomly selected students.Results: The qualitative study included 34 school students (16 girls), 20 parents (11 mothers) and 11 school staff. All students disclosed that studying was a priority.They pointed to lack of safe and easy-access place for physical activity and unsupportive family as the main barriers. Lack of self-confidence and low self-worth were the two other concepts developed in this context.Parents pointed to lack of safe and easy-access place for activity followed by the priority of studying. The concepts derived from interviews with school staff included unhealthy modeling of parents, priority of studying, and inadequate public know-ledge about how to integrate physical activity in routine daily life.The quantitative survey comprised 600 students including 286 (47.8%) girls. Parents’ education level had inverse association with children’s physical activity level. Significant inverse associations of self-efficacy and physical activity levels were documented.Conclusions: Increasing the public knowledge about adopting physical activity habits in routinedaily life, informing the families and students about the benefits of physical activity to improvelearning, as well as providing safe places such as using the school facilities in non-school hoursshould be considered in planning effective preventive strategies and interventions.

Objectives: This study was conducted to explore the barriers to physical activity in a representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: The study was conducted in 2007 in urban and rural areas of Isfahan district in Iran. In the qualitative part, we used the grounded theory approach, including semi-structured focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. The quantitative part com-prised 600 randomly selected students. Results: The qualitative study included 34 school students (16 girls), 20 parents (11 mothers) and 11 school staff. All students disclosed that studying was a priority. They pointed to lack of safe and easy-access place for physical activity and unsupportive family as the main barriers. Lack of self-confidence and low self-worth were the two other concepts developed in this context. Parents pointed to lack of safe and easy-access place for activity followed by the priority of studying. The concepts derived from interviews with school staff included unhealthy modeling of parents, priority of studying, and inadequate public knowledge about how to inte-grate physical activity in routine daily life. The quantitative sur-vey comprised 600 students including 286 (47.8%) girls. Parents′ education level had inverse association with children′s physical activity level. Significant inverse associations of self-efficacy and physical activity levels were documented. Conclusions: Increasing the public knowledge about adopting physical activity habits in routine daily life, informing the families and students about the benefits of physical activity to improve learning, as well as providing safe places such as using the school facilities in non-school hours should be considered in planning effective preventive strategies and interventions.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the highest ranking cause of mortality. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is increasing among people in developed and developing countries. Since left ventricular hypertrophy is one of the risk factors leading to extremely dangerous heart diseases and even sudden death at early ages, investigating its contributing factors can be beneficial. The purpose of this study was to determine factors contributing to left ventricular hypertrophy in students aged 7-18 years in Isfahan. Statistical population of this case-control study was the 7-18 year old students in Isfahan, who were studied in two groups of children with premature myocardial infarction in their parents and the control group. Materials and Methods : After determining the sample size of 138 people, a two-part questionnaire was designed and demographic characteristics and anthropometric measures were recorded in students′ profiles. The obtained information was analyzed using SPSS 15 software and logistic regression model and the results were reported at P < 0.05 . Result : The results showed that among the studied variables, gender, age, body mass index, and blood pressure were associated with the left ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusion: Considering the results and previous studies in this field, it was observed that left ventricular hypertrophy exists at early ages, which is very dangerous and can lead to heart diseases at early ages. Factors such as being overweight, having high blood pressure, and being male cause left ventricular hypertrophy and lead to undiagnosable heart diseases.