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1. Disease-associated AIOLOS variants lead to immune deficiency/dysregulation by haploinsufficiency and redefine AIOLOS functional domains

Author

Kuehn, Hye Sun, Sakovich, Inga S., Niemela, Julie E., Silva, Agustin A. Gil, Stoddard, Jennifer L., Polyakova, Ekaterina A., Sole, Ana Esteve, Aleshkevich, Svetlana N., Uglova, Tatjana A., Belevtsev, Mikhail V., Vertelko, Vladislav R., Shman, Tatsiana V., Kupchinskaya, Aleksandra N., Walter, Jolan E., Fleisher, Thomas A., Notarangelo, Luigi D., Peng, Xiao P., Delmonte, Ottavia M., Sharapova, Svetlana O., and Rosenzweig, Sergio D.

Subjects
United States. National Institutes of Health, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Becton, Dickinson and Co., Scientific equipment and supplies industry, DNA-ligand interactions, Omalizumab, Medical test kit industry, Autoimmunity, Allergic reaction, B cells, Medical equipment and supplies industry, Allergy, DNA binding proteins, Health care industry
Abstract

AIOLOS, also known as IKZF3, is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in the lymphoid lineage and is critical for lymphocyte differentiation and development. Here, we report on 9 individuals from 3 unrelated families carrying AIOLOS variants Q402* or E82K, which led to AIOLOS haploinsufficiency through different mechanisms of action. Nonsense mutant Q402* displayed abnormal DNA binding, pericentromeric targeting, posttranscriptional modification, and transcriptome regulation. Structurally, the mutant lacked the AIOLOS zinc finger (ZF) 5-6 dimerization domain, but was still able to homodimerize with WT AIOLOS and negatively regulate DNA binding through ZF1, a previously unrecognized function for this domain. Missense mutant E82K showed overall normal AIOLOS functions; however, by affecting a redefined AIOLOS protein stability domain, it also led to haploinsufficiency. Patients with AIOLOS haploinsufficiency showed hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent infections, autoimmunity, and allergy, but with incomplete clinical penetrance. Altogether, these data redefine the AIOLOS structure-function relationship and expand the spectrum of AIOLOS- associated diseases., Introduction The IKAROS family members consist of 5 zinc-finger (ZF) transcription factors encoded by IKZF1 to IKZF5. IKAROS (IKZF1), HELIOS (IKZF2), and AIOLOS (IKZF3) are highly expressed in the lymphoid [...]

Published
2024
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2. Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ syndrome: Update from the ESID Registry and comparison with other autoimmune-lymphoproliferative inborn errors of immunity

Author

Seidel, Markus G., Seppänen, Mikko R.J., Gennery, Andrew, Kanariou, Maria G., Tantou, Sofia, Grigoriadou, Sofia, Cericola, Gabriella, Hanitsch, Leif G., Scheibenbogen, Carmen, Hlaváčková, Eva O., Krivan, Gergely, McGuire, Frances K., Leahy, Timothy Ronan, Edgar, John David M., Bakhtiar, Shahrzad, Bader, Peter, Rohner, Geraldine Blanchard, Haerynck, Filomeen, Claes, Karlien, Lehmberg, Kai, Müller, Ingo, Farmand, Susan, Fasshauer, Maria, Graf, Dagmar, Neves, Joao Farela, Kostyuchenko, Larysa, Gonzalez-Granado, Luis Ignacio, Jeseňák, Miloš, Carrabba, Maria, Fabio, Giovanna, Pignata, Claudio, Giardino, Giuliana, Karadağ, Ilknur Kökçü, Yıldıran, Alişan, Hancioglu, Gonca, Králíčková, Pavlína, Steinmann, Sandra, Pietrucha, Barbara Maria, Gernert, Michael, Soomann, Maarja, Witte, Torsten, Markocsy, Adam, Wolska-Kusnierz, Beata, Randrianomenjanahary, Philippe, Rouger, Jérémie, Kostaridou, Stavroula, Zabara, Dariia V., Rodina, Yulia A., Shvets, Oksana A., Maccari, Maria Elena, Wolkewitz, Martin, Schwab, Charlotte, Lorenzini, Tiziana, Leiding, Jennifer W., Aladjdi, Nathalie, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abou-Chahla, Wadih, Aiuti, Alessandro, Azarnoush, Saba, Baris, Safa, Barlogis, Vincent, Barzaghi, Federica, Baumann, Ulrich, Bloomfield, Marketa, Bohynikova, Nadezda, Bodet, Damien, Boutboul, David, Bucciol, Giorgia, Buckland, Matthew S., Burns, Siobhan O., Cancrini, Caterina, Cathébras, Pascal, Cavazzana, Marina, Cheminant, Morgane, Chinello, Matteo, Ciznar, Peter, Coulter, Tanya I., D’Aveni, Maud, Ekwall, Olov, Eric, Zelimir, Eren, Efrem, Fasth, Anders, Frange, Pierre, Fournier, Benjamin, Garcia-Prat, Marina, Gardembas, Martine, Geier, Christoph, Ghosh, Sujal, Goda, Vera, Hammarström, Lennart, Hauck, Fabian, Heeg, Maximilian, Heropolitanska-Pliszka, Edyta, Hilfanova, Anna, Jolles, Stephen, Karakoc-Aydiner, Elif, Kindle, Gerhard R., Kiykim, Ayca, Klemann, Christian, Koletsi, Patra, Koltan, Sylwia, Kondratenko, Irina, Körholz, Julia, Krüger, Renate, Jeziorski, Eric, Levy, Romain, Le Guenno, Guillaume, Lefevre, Guillaume, Lougaris, Vassilios, Marzollo, Antonio, Mahlaoui, Nizar, Malphettes, Marion, Meinhardt, Andrea, Merlin, Etienne, Meyts, Isabelle, Milota, Tomas, Moreira, Fernando, Moshous, Despina, Mukhina, Anna, Neth, Olaf, Neubert, Jennifer, Neven, Benedicte, Nieters, Alexandra, Nove-Josserand, Raphaele, Oksenhendler, Eric, Ozen, Ahmet, Olbrich, Peter, Perlat, Antoinette, Pac, Malgorzata, Schmid, Jana Pachlopnik, Pacillo, Lucia, Parra-Martinez, Alba, Paschenko, Olga, Pellier, Isabelle, Sefer, Asena Pinar, Plebani, Alessandro, Plantaz, Dominique, Prader, Seraina, Raffray, Loic, Ritterbusch, Henrike, Riviere, Jacques G., Rivalta, Beatrice, Rusch, Stephan, Sakovich, Inga, Savic, Sinisa, Scheible, Raphael, Schleinitz, Nicolas, Schuetz, Catharina, Schulz, Ansgar, Sediva, Anna, Semeraro, Michaela, Sharapova, Svetlana O., Shcherbina, Anna, Slatter, Mary A., Sogkas, Georgios, Soler-Palacin, Pere, Speckmann, Carsten, Stephan, Jean-Louis, Suarez, Felipe, Tommasini, Alberto, Trück, Johannes, Uhlmann, Annette, van Aerde, Koen J., van Montfrans, Joris, von Bernuth, Horst, Warnatz, Klaus, Williams, Tony, Worth, Austen J.J., Ip, Winnie, Picard, Capucine, Catherinot, Emilie, Nademi, Zohreh, Grimbacher, Bodo, Forbes Satter, Lisa R., Kracker, Sven, Chandra, Anita, Condliffe, Alison M., and Ehl, Stephan

Published
2023
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3. Monogenic early-onset lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity: Natural history of STAT3 gain-of-function syndrome

Author

Aleshkevich, Svetlana, Allende, Luis M., Atkinson, T. Prescott, Atschekzei, Faranaz, Aydemir, Sezin, Aygunes, Utku, Barlogis, Vincent, Baumann, Ulrich, Belko, John, Bezrodnik, Liliana, Biebl, Ariane, Broderick, Lori, Bunin, Nancy J., Caldirola, Maria Soledad, Castelle, Martin, Celmeli, Fatih, Charbonnier, Louis-Marie, Chatila, Talal A., Chellapandian, Deepak, Cokugras, Haluk, Conlon, Niall, Cox, Fionnuala, Crickx, Etienne, Dalgic, Buket, ASH Dalm, Virgil, Danielian, Silvia, Dominguez-Pinilla, Nerea, Dujovny, Tal, Ebbo, Mikael, Eken, Ahmet, Esty, Brittany, Fabre, Alexandre, Fischer, Alain, Hannibal, Mark, Huppert, Laura, Ikeda, Marc D., Jolles, Stephen, Jolly, Kent W., Jones, Neil, Kanariou, Maria, Karakoc-Aydiner, Elif, Karamantziani, Theoni, Kelaidi, Charikleia, Keogan, Mary, Pac Kisaarslan, Ayşenur, Kiykim, Ayca, Klocperk, Adam, Kotsonis, Kosmas, Kuzmenko, Natalia, Leroy, Sylvie, Lianou, Dimitra, Longhurst, Hilary, Lorenz, Myriam Ricarda, Maffucci, Patrick, Manson, Ania, Marchal, Sarah, Malphettes, Marion, Marega, Lia Furlaneto, Mauracher, Andrea A., Meesilpavikai, Kornvalee, Miller, Holly, Mombourquette, Joy, Morgan, Noel G., Mukhina, Anna, Nathalie, Aladjidi, Nelken, Brigitte, Nolan, David, Norlin, Anna-Carin, Oleastro, Matias, Ozcan, Alper, Pasquet, Marlene, Pegler, José Roberto, Picard, Capucine, Polychronopoulou, Sophia, Quartier, Pierre, Quesada, Juan Francisco, Ramakers, Jan, Randall, Katrina L., Rao, V. Koneti, Remiker, Allison, Resin, Geraldine, Richmond, Peter, Rieux-Laucat, Frederic, Rodina, Yulia, Rohrlich, Pierre, Sachs, Johnathan, Sakovich, Inga, Santarlas, Christopher, Sari, Sinan, Sawicki, Gregory, Schauer, Uwe, Scheffler Mendoza, Selma C., Schvetz, Oksana, Schmidt, Reinhold Ernst, Schwarz, Klaus, Sediva, Anna, Sinclair, Kyle, Slatter, Mary, Sleasman, John, Stergiou, Katerina, Suratannon, Narissara, Tanita, Kay, Thompson, Grace, Travis, Stephen, Trojan, Timothy, Tsinti, Maria, Unal, Ekrem, Urdinez, Luciano, Vazquez-Gomez, Felisa, Villa, Mariana, Weinrich, Michael, Weiss, Mitchell J., Wright, Benjamin, Yilmaz, Ebru, Zachova, Radana, Zhang, Yu, Leiding, Jennifer W., Vogel, Tiphanie P., Santarlas, Valentine G.J., Mhaskar, Rahul, Smith, Madison R., Carisey, Alexandre, Vargas-Hernández, Alexander, Silva-Carmona, Manuel, Heeg, Maximilian, Rensing-Ehl, Anne, Neven, Bénédicte, Hadjadj, Jérôme, Hambleton, Sophie, Ronan Leahy, Timothy, Cunningham-Rundles, Charlotte, Dutmer, Cullen M., Sharapova, Svetlana O., Taskinen, Mervi, Chua, Ignatius, Hague, Rosie, Klemann, Christian, Kostyuchenko, Larysa, Morio, Tomohiro, Thatayatikom, Akaluck, Ozen, Ahmet, Scherbina, Anna, Bauer, Cindy S., Flanagan, Sarah E., Gambineri, Eleonora, Giovannini-Chami, Lisa, Heimall, Jennifer, Sullivan, Kathleen E., Allenspach, Eric, Romberg, Neil, Deane, Sean G., Prince, Benjamin T., Rose, Melissa J., Bohnsack, John, Mousallem, Talal, Jesudas, Rohith, Santos Vilela, Maria Marluce Dos, O’Sullivan, Michael, Pachlopnik Schmid, Jana, Průhová, Štěpánka, Rees, Matthew, Su, Helen, Bahna, Sami, Baris, Safa, Bartnikas, Lisa M., Chang Berger, Amy, Briggs, Tracy A., Brothers, Shannon, Bundy, Vanessa, Chan, Alice Y., Chandrakasan, Shanmuganathan, Christiansen, Mette, Cole, Theresa, Cook, Matthew C., Desai, Mukesh M., Fischer, Ute, Fulcher, David A., Gallo, Silvanna, Gauthier, Amelie, Gennery, Andrew R., Gonçalo Marques, José, Gottrand, Frédéric, Grimbacher, Bodo, Grunebaum, Eyal, Haapaniemi, Emma, Hämäläinen, Sari, Heiskanen, Kaarina, Heiskanen-Kosma, Tarja, Hoffman, Hal M., Gonzalez-Granado, Luis Ignacio, Guerrerio, Anthony L., Kainulainen, Leena, Kumar, Ashish, Lawrence, Monica G., Levin, Carina, Martelius, Timi, Neth, Olaf, Olbrich, Peter, Palma, Alejandro, Patel, Niraj C., Pozos, Tamara, Preece, Kahn, Lugo Reyes, Saúl Oswaldo, Russell, Mark A., Schejter, Yael, Seroogy, Christine, Sinclair, Jan, Skevofilax, Effie, Suan, Daniel, Suez, Daniel, Szabolcs, Paul, Velasco, Helena, Warnatz, Klaus, Walkovich, Kelly, Worth, Austen, Seppänen, Mikko R.J., Torgerson, Troy R., Sogkas, Georgios, Ehl, Stephan, Tangye, Stuart G., Cooper, Megan A., Milner, Joshua D., and Forbes Satter, Lisa R.

Published
2023
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4. Disease Progression of WHIM Syndrome in an International Cohort of 66 Pediatric and Adult Patients

Author

Geier, Christoph B., Ellison, Maryssa, Cruz, Rachel, Pawar, Sumit, Leiss-Piller, Alexander, Zmajkovicova, Katarina, McNulty, Shannon M, Yilmaz, Melis, Evans, 2nd, Martin Oman, Gordon, Sumai, Ujhazi, Boglarka, Wiest, Ivana, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aghamohammadi, Asghar, Barmettler, Sara, Bhar, Saleh, Bondarenko, Anastasia, Bolyard, Audrey Anna, Buchbinder, David, Cada, Michaela, Cavieres, Mirta, Connelly, James A., Dale, David C., Deordieva, Ekaterina, Dorsey, Morna J., Drysdale, Simon B., Ehl, Stephan, Elfeky, Reem, Fioredda, Francesca, Firkin, Frank, Förster-Waldl, Elizabeth, Geng, Bob, Goda, Vera, Gonzalez-Granado, Luis, Grunebaum, Eyal, Grzesk, Elzbieta, Henrickson, Sarah E., Hilfanova, Anna, Hiwatari, Mitsuteru, Imai, Chihaya, Ip, Winnie, Jyonouchi, Soma, Kanegane, Hirokazu, Kawahara, Yuta, Khojah, Amer M., Kim, Vy Hong-Diep, Kojić, Marina, Kołtan, Sylwia, Krivan, Gergely, Langguth, Daman, Lau, Yu-Lung, Leung, Daniel, Miano, Maurizio, Mersyanova, Irina, Mousallem, Talal, Muskat, Mica, Naoum, Flavio A., Noronha, Suzie A., Ouederni, Monia, Ozono, Shuichi, Richmond, G. Wendell, Sakovich, Inga, Salzer, Ulrich, Schuetz, Catharina, Seeborg, Filiz Odabasi, Sharapova, Svetlana O., Sockel, Katja, Volokha, Alla, von Bonin, Malte, Warnatz, Klaus, Wegehaupt, Oliver, Weinberg, Geoffrey A., Wong, Ke-Juin, Worth, Austen, Yu, Huang, Zharankova, Yulia, Zhao, Xiaodong, Devlin, Lisa, Badarau, Adriana, Csomos, Krisztian, Keszei, Marton, Pereira, Joao, Taveras, Arthur G, Beaussant-Cohen, Sarah L., Ong, Mei-Sing, Shcherbina, Anna, and Walter, Jolan E.

Published
2022
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6. Heterozygous FOXN1 Variants Cause Low TRECs and Severe T Cell Lymphopenia, Revealing a Crucial Role of FOXN1 in Supporting Early Thymopoiesis

Author

Bosticardo, Marita, Yamazaki, Yasuhiro, Cowan, Jennifer, Giardino, Giuliana, Corsino, Cristina, Scalia, Giulia, Prencipe, Rosaria, Ruffner, Melanie, Hill, David A., Sakovich, Inga, Yemialyanava, Irma, Tam, Jonathan S., Padem, Nurcicek, Elder, Melissa E., Sleasman, John W., Perez, Elena, Niebur, Hana, Seroogy, Christine M., Sharapova, Svetlana, Gebbia, Jennifer, Kleiner, Gary Ira, Peake, Jane, Abbott, Jordan K., Gelfand, Erwin W., Crestani, Elena, Biggs, Catherine, Butte, Manish J., Hartog, Nicholas, Hayward, Anthony, Chen, Karin, Heimall, Jennifer, Seeborg, Filiz, Bartnikas, Lisa M., Cooper, Megan A., Pignata, Claudio, Bhandoola, Avinash, and Notarangelo, Luigi D.

Published
2019
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7. Disease-associated AIOLOS variants lead to immune deficiency/dysregulation by haploinsufficiency and redefine AIOLOS functional domains.

Author

Hye Sun Kuehn, Sakovich, Inga S., Niemela, Julie E., Gil Silva, Agustin A., Stoddard, Jennifer L., Polyakova, Ekaterina A., Sole, Ana Esteve, Aleshkevich, Svetlana N., Uglova, Tatjana A., Belevtsev, Mikhail V., Vertelko, Vladislav R., Shman, Tatsiana V., Kupchinskaya, Aleksandra N., Walter, Jolan E., Fleisher, Thomas A., Notarangelo, Luigi D., Peng, Xiao P., Delmonte, Ottavia M., Sharapova, Svetlana O., and Rosenzweig, Sergio D.

Subjects
*IMMUNODEFICIENCY, *PROTEIN stability, *ZINC-finger proteins, *PROTEIN domains, *DISEASE relapse
Abstract

AIOLOS, also known as IKZF3, is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in the lymphoid lineage and is critical for lymphocyte differentiation and development. Here, we report on 9 individuals from 3 unrelated families carrying AIOLOS variants Q402* or E82K, which led to AIOLOS haploinsufficiency through different mechanisms of action. Nonsense mutant Q402* displayed abnormal DNA binding, pericentromeric targeting, posttranscriptional modification, and transcriptome regulation. Structurally, the mutant lacked the AIOLOS zinc finger (ZF) 5-6 dimerization domain, but was still able to homodimerize with WT AIOLOS and negatively regulate DNA binding through ZF1, a previously unrecognized function for this domain. Missense mutant E82K showed overall normal AIOLOS functions; however, by affecting a redefined AIOLOS protein stability domain, it also led to haploinsufficiency. Patients with AIOLOS haploinsufficiency showed hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent infections, autoimmunity, and allergy, but with incomplete clinical penetrance. Altogether, these data redefine the AIOLOS structure-function relationship and expand the spectrum of AIOLOS-associated diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Variable CD18 expression in a 22‐year‐old female with leukocyte adhesion deficiency I: Clinical case and literature review.

Author

Bondarenko, Anastasiia V., Boyarchuk, Oksana R., Sakovich, Inga S., Polyakova, Ekaterina A., Migas, Alexander A., Kupchinskaya, Aleksandra N., Opalinska, Aleksandra, Reich, Adam, Volianska, Liubov, Hilfanova, Anna M., Lapiy, Fedir I., Chernyshova, Liudmyla I., Volokha, Alla P., Zabara, Dariia V., Belevtsev, Mikhail V., Shman, Tatsiana V., Kukharenko, Lyudmila V., Goltsev, Mikhail V., Dubouskaya, Tatsiana G., and Hancharou, Andrei Y.

Subjects
LITERATURE reviews, HEMATOPOIETIC stem cell transplantation, CYTOTOXIC T cells, LEUCOCYTES, RESPIRATORY infections
Abstract

Key Clinical Message: Partial leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD‐1) deficiency is extremely rare condition with milder infectious manifestation and immune system imbalance leads to increased risks of autoinflammatory complications, such as pyoderma gangrenosum, that can be triggered by trauma or pregnancy. In patients with spice‐site ITGB2 variants, partial expression can occur due to different β2 integrin isophorms expression. LAD‐1, OMIM ID #116920 is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder that results from mutations in the ITGB2 gene that encodes the CD18 β2 integrin subunit. According to the CD18 expression, LAD‐1 is categorized as severe (<2%), moderate (2%–30%), or mild (>30%). Here, we describe a 22‐year‐old female, who presented with inflammatory skin disease and oral cavity, as well as respiratory tract infections during the first year of life. LAD‐1 was diagnosed at the age of 2 years by low expression of CD18 (1%). Whole‐exome sequencing identified homozygous c. 59‐10C>A variant in the ITGB2 gene. Despite severe phenotype, the patient survived to adulthood without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and became pregnant at the age of 20 years, with pregnancy complicated by a pyoderma gangrenosum‐like lesion. During her life, CD18 expression increased from 1% to 9%; at 22 years of age, 5% of neutrophils and 9% of lymphocytes were CD18+. All CD18+‐lymphocytes were predominantly memory/effector cytotoxic T cells. However, revertant mosaicism was not being established suggesting that CD18 expression variability may be mediated by other mechanisms such as different β2 integrin isophorms expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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9. Geographical Distribution, Incidence, Malignancies, and Outcome of 136 Eastern Slavic Patients With Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome and NBN Founder Variant c.657_661del5.

Author

Sharapova, Svetlana O., Pashchenko, Olga E., Bondarenko, Anastasiia V., Vakhlyarskaya, Svetlana S., Prokofjeva, Tatjana, Fedorova, Alina S., Savchak, Ihor, Mareika, Yuliya, Valiev, Timur T., Popa, Alexander, Tuzankina, Irina A., Vlasova, Elena V., Sakovich, Inga S., Polyakova, Ekaterina A., Rumiantseva, Natalia V., Naumchik, Irina V., Kulyova, Svetlana A., Aleshkevich, Svetlana N., Golovataya, Elena I., and Minakovskaya, Nina V.

Subjects
DIFFUSE large B-cell lymphomas, HEMATOPOIETIC stem cell transplantation, GENETIC counseling
Abstract

Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a DNA repair disorder characterized by combined immunodeficiency and a high predisposition to lymphoid malignancies. The majority of NBS patients are identified with a homozygous five base pair deletion in the Nibrin (NBN) gene (c.657_661del5, p.K219fsX19) with a founder effect observed in Caucasian European populations, especially of Slavic origin. We present here an analysis of a cohort of 136 NBS patients of Eastern Slav origin across Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, and Latvia with a focus on understanding the geographic distribution, incidence of malignancy, and treatment outcomes of this cohort. Our analysis shows that Belarus had the highest prevalence of NBS (2.3 per 1,000,000), followed by Ukraine (1.3 per 1,000,000), and Russia (0.7 per 1,000,000). Of note, the highest concentration of NBS cases was observed in the western regions of Belarus and Ukraine, where NBS prevalence exceeds 20 cases per 1,000,000 people, suggesting the presence of an "Eastern Slavic NBS hot spot." The median age at diagnosis of this cohort ranged from 4 to 5 years, and delay in diagnosis was more pervasive in smaller cities and rural regions. A total of 62 (45%) patients developed malignancies, more commonly in males than females (55.2 vs. 34.2%; p =0.017). In 27 patients, NBS was diagnosed following the onset of malignancies (mean age: 8 years). Malignancies were mostly of lymphoid origin and predominantly non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (n =42, 68%); 38% of patients had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The 20-year overall survival rate of patients with malignancy was 24%. However, females with cancer experienced poorer event-free survival rates than males (16.6% vs. 46.8%, p =0.036). Of 136 NBS patients, 13 underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with an overall survival of 3.5 years following treatment (range: 1 to 14 years). Indications for HSCT included malignancy (n =7) and immunodeficiency (n =6). Overall, 9% of patients in this cohort reached adulthood. Adult survivors reported diminished quality of life with significant physical and cognitive impairments. Our study highlights the need to improve timely diagnosis and clinical management of NBS among Eastern Slavs. Genetic counseling and screening should be offered to individuals with a family history of NBS, especially in hot spot regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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10. Novel biallelic ATM mutations coexist with a mosaic form of triple X syndrome in an 11-year-old girl at remission after T cell acute leukemia.

Author

Sharapova, Svetlana O., Valochnik, Alena V., Guryanova, Irina E., Sakovich, Inga S., and Aleinikova, Olga V.

Subjects
ATAXIA telangiectasia in children, TRIPLE X syndrome, ACUTE leukemia, NEURODEGENERATION, FLUORESCENCE in situ hybridization, LEUKEMIA treatment
Abstract

Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by an early onset ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, recurrent infections, radio-sensitivity, and a predisposition to malignancy. We present the case of a child with coexistent AT and trisomy X (47,XXX). We used fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to confirm that this person had 47,XXX karyotype in blood cells, bone marrow, fibroblasts, and buccal smear. Standard cytogenetic studies (not banded) were conducted on blood cells. G-banding analysis was performed on bone marrow cells at the time of the leukemia diagnosis. Flow cytometric investigation of lymphocytes and Sanger sequencing of the ATM gene were used for diagnosis confirmation and description. We report the case of an 11-year-old girl at remission after having T cell acute leukemia for 7 years with progressive signs of ataxia-telangiectasia and with additional X chromosome since birth. At the age of 2 years and 7 months, she was diagnosed with pre-T acute leukemia. From the age of four, she had gait abnormalities. AT was established at the age of seven based on clinical signs and laboratory findings (increased alpha fetoprotein—AFP [227]) and confirmed by detecting compound heterozygous truncating mutations in the ATM gene (p.Y705X and p.L2312I). These genetic findings have not been previously reported in AT and our “double hit” case demonstrates the value of careful clinical evaluation of children with an established genetic diagnosis. Measurement of AFP levels should be considered in patients with neurologic abnormalities after leukemia treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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11. Heterozygous activating mutation in RAC2 causes infantile-onset combined immunodeficiency with susceptibility to viral infections.

Author

Sharapova, Svetlana O., Haapaniemi, Emma, Sakovich, Inga S., Kostyuchenko, Larysa V., Donkó, Agnes, Dulau-Florea, Alina, Malko, Oksana, Bondarenko, Anastasia V., Stegantseva, Maria V., Leto, Thomas L., Uygun, Vedat, Karasu, Gulsun Tezcan, Holland, Steven M., Hsu, Amy P., and Aleinikova, Olga V.

Subjects
*CHICKENPOX, *VIRUS diseases, *AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA, *HEMATOPOIETIC stem cell transplantation, *CONGENITAL disorders, *IMMUNODEFICIENCY, *RESPIRATORY infections
Abstract

Here we describe a 10-year-old girl with combined immunodeficiency presenting as recurring chest infections, lung disease and herpetic skin infections. The patient experienced two hematopoietic stem cell transplantations and despite full chimerism, she developed bone marrow aplasia due to adenovirus infection and died at post-transplant day 86. Immunologic investigation revealed low numbers of TRECs/KRECs, a severe reduction of memory B cells, absence of isohemagglutinins, and low IgG levels. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified a novel heterozygous mutation in RAC2(c.275A > C, p.N92 T). Flow cytometric investigation of neutrophil migration demonstrated an absence of chemotaxis to fMLP. Cell lines transfected with RAC2 [N92 T] displayed characteristics of active GTP-bound RAC2 including enhanced NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide production both at rest and in response to PMA. Our findings broaden the clinical picture of RAC2 dysfunction, showing that some individuals can present with a combined immunodeficiency later in childhood rather than a congenital neutrophil disease. • We report a new case of heterozygous RAC2 deficiency, with the clinical presentation of recurrent respiratory infections, lung disease and susceptibility to varicella and herpetic infections. • Our report expands the phenotypic spectrum of RAC2 deficiency • Dominant activating mutations in RAC2 gene can lead to presentations of combined immunodeficiency where both myeloid and lymphoid lineages are affected [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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