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Abstract Background Common mental disorders (CMD) vary by age, gender, and culture. This study: (1) examined the factor structure of the 20-item Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and (2) explored gender-related measurement invariance in the SRQ’s performance with older adults in Puerto Rico, a U.S. island territory and associate member of the UN Regional Commissions. Methods We merged data from two cross-sectional studies on mental health status and needs of older adults in Puerto Rico (N = 367). The first study was conducted in 2019, two years after Hurricane María devastated the island (N = 154); the second study, in 2021, assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) concerning COVID-19 (N = 213). We used chi-square and t-tests to examine gender differences in each SRQ item and assessed internal consistency reliability with Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega (values > 0.70). We ran two CFA models, then multigroup CFA to test for gender-related measurement invariance. We used weighted least square mean and variance adjusted (WLSMV) estimation to account for the binary response options in the SRQ-20 and Mplus version 8.4 for analyses. There were no missing data for any SRQ-20 items. Results The SRQ-20 had strong internal consistency reliability (α = 0.89; omega = 0.89). Female scores were higher than males scores (t = -2.159, p = .031). Both unidimensional and two-factor models fit the data well. We selected the more parsimonious unidimensional model, which is most widely used in practice. Standardized factor loadings were 0.548 to 0.823 and all were statistically significant (p

Background: Common mental disorders (CMD) vary by age, gender, and culture. This study: (1) examined the factor structure of the 20-item Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and (2) explored gender-related measurement invariance in the SRQ's performance with older adults in Puerto Rico, a U.S. island territory and associate member of the UN Regional Commissions. Methods: We merged data from two cross-sectional studies on mental health status and needs of older adults in Puerto Rico (N = 367). The first study was conducted in 2019, two years after Hurricane María devastated the island (N = 154); the second study, in 2021, assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) concerning COVID-19 (N = 213). We used chi-square and t-tests to examine gender differences in each SRQ item and assessed internal consistency reliability with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega (values > 0.70). We ran two CFA models, then multigroup CFA to test for gender-related measurement invariance. We used weighted least square mean and variance adjusted (WLSMV) estimation to account for the binary response options in the SRQ-20 and Mplus version 8.4 for analyses. There were no missing data for any SRQ-20 items. Results: The SRQ-20 had strong internal consistency reliability (α = 0.89; omega = 0.89). Female scores were higher than males scores (t = -2.159, p =.031). Both unidimensional and two-factor models fit the data well. We selected the more parsimonious unidimensional model, which is most widely used in practice. Standardized factor loadings were 0.548 to 0.823 and all were statistically significant (p <.001). We tested gender invariance with the one-factor model. Our findings did not support invariance. Conclusion: We favored the unidimensional model. First, the SRQ-20 was designed to assess global distress. Also, physical symptoms have both somatic and psychological components, so their co-occurrence makes a single-factor model more meaningful. Finally, since older adults experience more physical health problems, instruments that emphasize both types of distress may provide a more accurate measure than those that exclude somatic symptoms. Using the unidimensional model, the SRQ-20 was not invariant, meaning that it performed differently for male and female participants. Future studies of common mental disorders with older adults in Puerto Rico should consider using the SRQ-20 for research and practice and should determine appropriate threshold scores for men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Screening instruments for mental disorders is useful for society in identifying the possibility of mental disorders in themselves or others. Screening instruments are tools used to examine early symptoms of mental disorders, early detection, intervention for mental disorders, as well as research. The SelfReported Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) is an instrument for screening mental disorders through individual assessment. This study aims to determine the quality of SRQ-20 instrument using Rasch model analysis techniques with the assistance of Jamovi software version 2.3.18.0. The participants in this study were individuals aged 12 – 44 years. The number of participants was 165. The instrument used was SRQ-20 with a total of 20 items. The results of the study showed that all 20 items met the itemmodel fit. The reliability coefficient value was 0.823. Overall, SRQ-20 has good psychometric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introductions: Mental disorders are a group of symptoms that co-occur in individuals at a particular time. Symptoms of mental disorders can include physical, biological, psychological, and cognitive symptoms. Mental disorders are considered a silent epidemic in rural areas. This condition is caused by the lack of access to health service centers, especially in the 3T areas (Tertinggal, Terdepan dan Terluar) or fall behind, frontier, and outermost. Wakatobi Regency is one of the regencies in Southeast Sulawesi Province, which has 142 islands and is included in the 3T area. Objective: This study aims to determine the sociodemographic description and its relationship with psychopathology in Wanci Village, Wakatobi Regency residents. Methods: This research is included in the cross-sectional survey using an accidental sampling technique. Respondents amounted to 46 people who have fulfilled the requirements. The research instrument used was the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20). Results: A total of 46 samples included in the inclusion criteria found that 22 respondents (47.8%) had SRQ-20 values ≥6 or experienced mental-emotional disorders. In bivariate analysis using chi-square tests, significant results were obtained (P<0.05) for age (P=0.029) and spouse (P=0.035). Conclusion: In this study, it was found that there was a statistically significant relationship between age and spouse variables on psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Osmangazi Journal of Medicine / Osmangazi Tip Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Helina Abebe Kurbi,1,2 Solomon Mekonnen Abebe,3 Nestanet Worku Mengistu,3 Tadesse Awoke Ayele,1 Alemayehu Teklu Toni4 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Kotebe Metropolitan University, Menelik II Health Science College, Department of Mental Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 3Department of Nutrition institute of public health, college of medicine and health sciences, university of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 4Department of Pediatrics and School of Medicine, Institute of Public health, college of Medicine and health sciences, university of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Helina Abebe Kurbi, Email helusimren@gmail.comBackground: The prevalence of prenatal common mental disorders afflicting the global community, including Ethiopia, is thriving. Therefore, a time-efficient and valid screening tool is required. This study aimed to culturally adapt and validate the self-reporting questionnaire-20 tool developed by the World Health Organization among pregnant mothers in Ethiopia.Methods: A total of 310 pregnant women completed the questionnaire at two selected health centers in the regional state of Amhara. The World Health Organization’s Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 tool was first translated into Amharic by two experts. The back translation was done by two English experts. Internal consistency and reliability were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed using composite reliability and extracted mean variance. SRQ-20 was tested for reliability and validity using principal components analysis and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sample adequacy with a cutoff value of 0.50 for each item.Results: The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure (KMO = 0.733) for sample adequacy and the Bartlett’s sphericity test for the identity matrix indicated that the data were amenable to exploratory factor analysis. Principal components analysis identified six factors that explained 64% of the variation in the self-report questionnaire 20. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.817 for the entire scale and the extracted mean variance was greater than 0.5 for all factors, indicating convergent validity. The extracted mean variance, composite reliability, and factor loadings were all greater than 0.75 for all factors in this study, indicating that convergent validity was satisfactory and that discriminatory validity was also satisfied. The composite factor reliability scores ranged from 0.74 to 0.84, and the square roots of the mean variances were greater than the factor correlation scores.Conclusion: The interview-based, culturally-adapted 20-item Amharic version of the SRQ-20 tool demonstrated good cultural adaptation and was also found to be valid and reliable in the present context.Keywords: antenatal common mental disorders, cultural adaptation, factor analysis, SRQ-20, Ethiopia

Trang Thi Hanh Do,1 Quyen Thi Tu Bui,2 Bui Thi Thu Ha,3 Thi Minh Le,3 Vui Thi Le,3 Quynh-Chi Thai Nguyen,3 Kimberly Joyce Lakin,4 Tung Thanh Dang,5 Loi Van Bui,5 Thien Cong Le,5 An Thi Ha Tran,5 Hien Thi Thu Pham,5 Tuan Van Nguyen5 1Faculty of Environmental and Occupational Health, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam; 2Faculty and Fundamental Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam; 3Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; 5The National Institute of Mental Health, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, VietnamCorrespondence: Quyen Thi Tu Bui, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Tel +84 912 225 245, Fax +84 24 6266 2385, Email btq@huph.edu.vnPurpose: Detection of antenatal common mental disorders in low-resource settings like Vietnam is important and requires a reliable, valid and practical screening tool. Currently, there is no such tool validated for use among pregnant women in Vietnam. This study aims to assess the validity of the Vietnamese version of the 20-item Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) by evaluating its reliability, factorial structure, and performance in detecting common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms, thereby identifying the optimum cut-off score for CMD screening among pregnant women in Vietnam.Participants and Methods: A total of 210 pregnant women from four rural communes participated in a face-to-face interview using the Vietnamese version of the SRQ-20, followed by a clinical diagnostic interview based on ICD-10 diagnostic criteria of CMDs. The reliability of the SRQ-20 was assessed by calculating the scale’s Cronbach’s alpha to measure internal consistency. Factor analyses were undertaken to examine the factor structure of the instrument. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the performance of the SRQ-20 against the clinical diagnosis and to identify the optimum cut-off score.Results: Internal consistency was good, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87. Factor analyses resulted in a 4-factor solution. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for detection of CMDs was 0.90. The optimum cut-off score of the SRQ-20 for detection of CMD symptoms among Vietnamese pregnant women was 5/6.Conclusion: The Vietnamese version of the SRQ-20 has the capacity to detect CMDs among pregnant women effectively and is recommended for use as a screening tool for CMDs in antenatal care settings in Vietnam.Keywords: SRQ-20, screening, common mental disorders, pregnant women, Vietnam

Copyright of Osmangazi Journal of Medicine / Osmangazi Tip Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Poor maternal mental health is a major risk factor for adverse offspring health outcomes, including overweight/obesity status. Maternal mental distress is highly prevalent and associated with parenting practices influencing child weight. To date, there is little information documented in Ethiopia on maternal mental distress and children with overweight/obesity status. This study examined the association between maternal mental distress and children with overweight/obesity among mother–child dyads in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: An observational population‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among mother–child dyads in representative samples in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Maternal mental distress was measured using the Self‐Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ)‐20. Child/adolescent overweight/obesity was defined as more than 1 SD above the median World Health Organization (WHO) growth reference. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The prevalence of maternal mental distress and children with overweight/obesity was estimated to be 10.1% and 28.8%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, including maternal education, maternal occupation, average monthly household income, maternal body mass index (BMI) and the number of household members/family size, maternal psychological distress was not associated with offspring overweight/obesity status (adjusted OR [aOR] = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.25, 1.14). Conclusions: There is no evidence of an association between maternal psychological distress and children with overweight/obesity. This lack of association might be attributable to our cross‐sectional study design. Future epidemiologic studies, particularly those using prospectively collected data, are warranted to examine better the effects of maternal psychological distress on offspring body weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mahasiswa merupakan kelompok yang rentan mengalami gangguan psikologis. Maka dari itu, diperlukan informasi mengenai faktor-faktor yang membuat mahasiswa lebih rentan mengalami gangguan, serta juga faktor yang dapat melindungi mahasiswa dari gangguan psikologis. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah stratified random sampling dengan populasi adalah mahasiswa sarjana angkatan 2017-2019 di Universitas X. Total partisipan adalah 674 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur SRQ-20 dari WHO untuk mengukur gangguan psikologis. Kemudian, faktor-faktor yang ditanyakan adalah jenis kelamin, angkatan, aktivitas olahraga, aktivitas hobi, jenis hobi, merokok, riwayat keluarga mengalami gangguan psikologis, riwayat menggunakan layanan psikologis, riwayat diagnosis depresi dan kecemasan dari psikolog/psikiater, dan pengalaman trauma masa kecil dan remaja. Setiap faktor ditanyakan menggunakan satu pertanyaan saja dengan pilihan jawaban, ya, tidak, atau tidak berkenan menjawab. Analisis yang digunakan adalah t-test dan ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya faktor angkatan, aktivitas merokok, riwayat keluarga mengalami gangguan psikologis, dan jenis hobi yang tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada rata-rata gangguan psikologis (p > 0,05). Alasan dan implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini juga dibahas secara detail.

Abstract Background Common mental disorders are a group of distress states manifesting with anxiety, depressive and unexplained somatic symptoms, affecting individuals in different age groups, causes suffering to the individuals, families and community. Objective This study assessed the magnitude of Common mental disorder and associated factors among people living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Community based cross sectional study design was conducted from November 1 to 30, 2018 among people living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Multistage sampling technique was used to get a total of 755 samples. Common Mental Disorder was assessed through interview using Self-Reported questionnaire (SRQ-20). The collected data were coded, entered into EPI-Info 7 and analysed by using SPPS version 20. Descriptive, analytical statistical procedure; bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions with odds ratios and 95% confidence interval was employed. The statistical significance was accepted at p value < 0.05. Result In this study a total of 723 study subjects were participated, with response rate of 95.7%.The prevalence of common mental disorders was 24.7% with [95%CI; 21.6 – 27.7]. Females (AOR=2.1; 95% CI; 1.39- 3.23), Divorced/widowed (AOR=2.55; 95% CI; 1.16- 5.59), daily labourers (AOR=2.52; 95% CI; 1.3- 4.88, chronic medical illness (AOR=4.5; 95% CI; 2.46- 8.24). are independent predictors of CMD and educational status (primary, secondary and diploma) was positively associated with CMD. in this study. Regarding education (primary, secondary and diploma) (AOR=0.34; 95% CI; 0.17-0.66) and (AOR=0.35; 95% CI; 0.19-0.67) has positively associated with common mental disorders. Conclusion The prevalence of common mental disorders was found high. Female sex, marital status like Divorced/Widowed, daily labour workers and chronic medical illness were found to be independent predictors of CMD and educational status (primary, secondary school and diploma holders) was were found to be protective factors.

Copyright of Osmangazi Journal of Medicine / Osmangazi Tip Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

COVID-19, a major " Public Health Emergencies of International Concern ", had sought greater attention among researchers to study its pathogenesis, associated complications and management. However, there are only few studies that had studied its potential impact on mental health of general public, who are subjected to social distancing, community lockdown and restrictions in their routine activities. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of psychological distress and mental health needs among general public in Tamil Nadu subjected to lockdown, social distancing amidst COVID-19 crisis. Tamil Nadu is one of the worst affected states of southern India. A self-administered, web-based application study using " WHO-Self Reported Questionnaire-20 ", in bilingual version, both English and Tamil, is used to screen the public for the level of distress. The study is done while the state is under extended lockdown and restricted movement. A total of 918 respondents participated in the survey and it is found that about more than one third of the respondents (∼35%) are under psychological distress. A significant association between younger age group, female gender, unmarried, people with children are found to be under distress. The lockdown had increased the frequency of smoking and quantity of cigarettes among smokers, also has increased the frequency of drinking among alcohol consumers. Of the SRQ-20 items recorded, stress related neurotic symptoms (> 70%) was observed more than the depressive mood. About 33% of those scored > 7, had suicidal tendency. The districts declared red zones had significantly reported a greater number of respondents under distress. Besides effectively mitigating the COVID-19 crisis, in terms of prevention, control and treatment strategies, it is prerogative to effectively manage fear, distress due to the COVID-19 and associated anxiety and depression among the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Common mental disorders are a group of distress states manifesting with anxiety, depressive and unexplained somatic symptoms, affecting individuals in different age groups, causes suffering to the individuals, families and community. Objective: This study assessed the magnitude of Common mental disorder and associated factors among people living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Community based cross sectional study design was conducted from November 1 to 30, 2018 among people living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Multistage sampling technique was used to get a total of 755 samples. Common Mental Disorder was assessed through interview using Self-Reported questionnaire (SRQ-20). The collected data were coded, entered into EPI-Info 7 and analysed by using SPPS version 20. Descriptive, analytical statistical procedure; bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions with odds ratios and 95% confidence interval was employed. The statistical significance was accepted at p value < 0.05. Result: In this study a total of 723 study subjects were participated, with response rate of 95.7%.The prevalence of common mental disorders was 24.7% with [95%CI; 21.6 – 27.7]. Females (AOR=2.1; 95% CI; 1.39- 3.23), Divorced/widowed (AOR=2.55; 95% CI; 1.16- 5.59), daily labourers (AOR=2.52; 95% CI; 1.3- 4.88, chronic medical illness (AOR=4.5; 95% CI; 2.46- 8.24). are independent predictors of CMD and educational status (primary, secondary and diploma) was positively associated with CMD. in this study. Regarding education (primary, secondary and diploma) (AOR=0.34; 95% CI; 0.17-0.66) and (AOR=0.35; 95% CI; 0.19-0.67) has positively associated with common mental disorders. Conclusion: The prevalence of common mental disorders was found high. Female sex, marital status like Divorced/Widowed, daily labour workers and chronic medical illness were found to be independent predictors of CMD and educational status (primary, secondary school and diploma holders) was were found to be protective factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize patterns of worsening mental health during the postpartum period among women in rural areas of Limpopo Province, South Africa, and to identify correlates with household demographic factors. Methods: We collected data on maternal mental health symptoms shortly after birth and then again 7 months postpartum using the World Health Organization self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) from December 2017 to November 2018. The absolute change in SRQ-20 symptom score was calculated to determine worsening mental health over the postpartum period. Linear regressions were performed to investigate factors associated with mental health symptom scores at varying postpartum time points. Results: We found increased reporting of poor mental health symptoms at 7 months postpartum as compared to shortly after birth (n = 224). Worsening maternal mental health over the postpartum period was associated with higher SRQ-20 symptom score shortly after birth (p < 0.001) and reported food insecurity at 7 months (p < 0.001). SRQ-20 symptom scores in the postpartum period were not associated with breastfeeding in the past 24 h reported at 7 months postpartum (p = 0.08). Conclusions for Practice: Women in rural South Africa, like women in many settings, may be vulnerable to worsening postpartum mental health when they lack sufficient socioeconomic resources and when they have pre-existing depressive/anxiety symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health professionals working in Intensive Care Units face situations of human suffering, competitiveness, demands for skills and job insecurity, which may have negative consequences on their quality of life and mental health. This scenario could trigger common mental disorders and impaired health-related quality of life in Intensive Care Unit workers. This study aimed to describe common mental disorders and health-related quality of life in Intensive Care Unit professionals in Salvador, Brazil. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed, with 195 health professionals working in the Intensive Care Unit of a high complexity hospital in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The professionals had to be working for three or more months in the units or removed from the service when they were detected with common mental diseases or other pathology. A socio-demographic and occupational data questionnaire, and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), was applied to identify common mental disorders, and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36v2) was used to assess health-related quality of life. The socio-demographic and occupational data questionnaire included age, sex, race, educational status, marital status, profession, number of working hours, the number of jobs, monthly income, and chronical diseases. Data was collected between March and July of 2019 in four Intensive Care Units, using Brazilian Portuguese translated versions of the instruments. The groups of professionals with and without common mental disorders were compared according to socio-demographic and occupational data and health-related quality of life using the U Mann-Whitney test, with p-values under .05. Composite reliability evaluated the internal consistency of the instruments, assuming values above .70 as satisfactory. Bivariate analysis with the Spearman correlation test between the SRQ-20 and the SF-36v2 considered strong correlation values equal to or greater than .50 and a p-value of less than .05. The sample was composed of 137 (70.3 %) women and 148 (72.3 %) professionals who had more than 40 hours per week working in the Intensive Care Unit. Common mental disorders were detected in 58 (29.7 %) health professionals, with a higher prevalence ratio in Nursing professionals (PR = 2.28; CI 1.19-4.39; p = .007). The SRQ-20 and the SF-36v2 domains showed satisfactory internal consistency, with values of composite reliability above .70. The normalized scores of health-related quality of life showed low average values in all domains, especially in Social Function (44.25 ± 10.15) and Emotional Role (45.86 ± 10.58). The SRQ-20 showed strong and significant correlations with Bodily Pain (r = -.502), General Health (r = -.526), Vitality (r = -.656), Social Function (r = -.608), Mental Health (r = -.631) and Mental Component Summary (r = -.638) of the SF-36v2 (p < .01). Health professionals with symptoms of common mental disorders had a more impaired health-related quality of life than those without symptoms. Specifically, the most affected domains were Social Function (36.07 ± 9.68), Emotional Role (40.62 ± 10.54), Mental Health (40.53 ± 9.67), Mental Component Summary (37.71 ± 9.72) and Bodily Pain (40.55 ± 9.00). Health professionals of the Intensive Care Units with symptoms of common mental disorders showed the lower health-related quality of life domains, presenting body pain compared to professionals without symptoms. The prevalence of common mental disorder symptoms in this study was similar to those reported in the literature and these disorders were more prevalent in Nursing professionals. Intensive Care Unit professionals showed low health-related quality of life, but those who presented symptoms of common mental disorders had the lower health-related quality of life. The implementation of strategies to evaluate, prevent and promote the mental health of Intensive Care Unit workers is necessary. Supportive workplace health policies should consider the mental health care of these professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gadjah Mada Journal of Psychology (GamaJoP) is the property of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Psychology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: This Brazilian study investigated the prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders (CMD) and their associated factors in mothers of children under seven years old. Method: Participants were 1,172 mothers who answered the SRQ-20 instrument and a questionnaire on sociodemographic and clinical data. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed to identify the variables with a predictive power on CMD symptoms. Results: The variables with most predictive power were: income, health of the mother during pregnancy, pregnancy desirability and marital satisfaction. Conclusion: There are several personal, relational and socioeconomic factors that affect mother's mental health. Early interventions are important to reduce problems related to maternal mental health and child development is reinforced, to provide a higher quality of life for the mother-child dyad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the emerging significant public health problems is mental distress which includes somatic symptoms such as anxiety and depression. In comparison to the general population, earlier studies reported higher mental distress among university students. Students having mental distress suffer from poor academic performance and other learning disabilities. Due to the dearth of literature on the burden of this problem in India, the present study was done to assess the prevalence of mental distress and its association with sociodemographic, personal and academic related variables among students of a private university of Delhi, NCR. Methods & Materials: A cross-sectional observational study was done on 300 private university students of Delhi, NCR. We applied the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) for the assessment of mental distress Descriptive and Chi-square statistics were done. p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: The study participants were predominantly females 58.7%. It was also observed that 13% participants were unsatisfied with admission in the college, 17.3% were unsatisfied with their academic course and 16.3% were unsatisfied regarding coping up with course. On bivariate analysis it was observed that level of course (p<0.001), history of parental conflict (<0.001), satisfaction with life(<0.001) showed higher statistically significant association with mental distress. Similarly, academic variables such as satisfaction with admission to college (p<0.001), satisfaction with academic course (<0.001), satisfaction with coping up with course (0.003) were also highly statistically significant. Conclusion: It is noted that mental distress is common among university students and there is a need for attention, support and personalized counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Adult undernutrition (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) is responsible for immune deficits, increased risk of disease burden, and higher rates of mortality. The prevalence of adult undernutrition in Bangladesh is substantial, but there have been few studies on the etiology of this condition for the inhabitants of urban slums. Objective The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with undernutrition among slum-dwelling adults in Bangladesh. Methods A case-control study was conducted in the Bauniabadh area of Dhaka, Bangladesh. 270 adult participants (135 cases with a BMI <18.5 and 135 controls with a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9) aged 18–45 y were enrolled between October 2018 and January 2019. Sociodemographic variables, dietary diversity, micronutrient deficiencies, psychological symptoms, infection, and biomarkers of gut health were assessed to identify the factors associated with undernutrition using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results A higher number of siblings [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.39; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.77], increased self-reporting questionnaire-20 score (an instrument to screen mental health disorders and detect psychological symptoms) (aOR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23), elevated fecal concentration of α-1 antitrypsin (aOR: 4.82; 95% CI: 1.01, 25.29), and anemia (aOR: 3.63; 95% CI: 1.62, 8.58) were positively associated with undernutrition in adults. Age (aOR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.96), dietary diversity score (aOR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.99), C-reactive protein (aOR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.92), Helicobacter pylori infection (aOR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.23), and always washing hands before eating or preparing foods (aOR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.87) were associated with reduced odds of undernutrition among the study population. Conclusions Our results indicate that undernutrition in slum-dwelling adults in Bangladesh is associated with numerous physiological and sociodemographic factors, including evidence of gastrointestinal inflammation and altered intestinal permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundCommon mental disorders (CMD) are a constellation of mental health conditions that include depression, anxiety, and other related nonpsychotic affective disorders. Qualitative explanatory models of mental health among reproductive-aged women in India reveal that distress is strongly associated with CMD. The relationship of perceived stress and CMD might be attenuated or exacerbated based on an individual's sociodemographic characteristics.ObjectivesTo screen for Common Mental Disorders (CMD) among reproductive-aged women from rural western India and explore how the relationship between perceived stress and CMD screening status varies by sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsCross-sectional survey of 700 women from rural Gujarat, India. CMD screening status was assessed using Self-Reported Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20). Factors associated with CMD screening status were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Effect modification for the relationship of perceived stress and CMD screening status was assessed using interaction terms and interpreted in terms of predicted probabilities.FindingsThe analytic cohort included 663 women, with roughly 1 in 4 screening positive for CMD (157, 23.7%). Poor income, low education, food insecurity, and recurrent thoughts after traumatic events were associated with increased risk of positive CMD screen. Perceived stress was closely associated with CMD screening status. Higher education attenuated the relationship between high levels of stress and CMD screening status (82.3%, 88.8%, 32.9%; P value for trend: 0.03). Increasing income and age attenuated the link between moderate stress and CMD.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a high burden of possible CMD among reproductive-aged women from rural western India. Higher education might mitigate the association between elevated stress and CMD. Future efforts to improve mental health in rural India should focus on preventing CMD by enhancing rural women's self-efficacy and problem-solving capabilities to overcome challenging life events and stressors, thereby reducing the risk of CMD.

Este estudo objetivou verificar a prevalência de Transtornos Mentais Comuns entre os profissionais de saúde de um hospital de universitário. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 359 profissionais de saúde. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre os meses de junho a agosto de 2013. Os participantes responderam um instrumento contendo variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais e para verificar a prevalência de Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) o Self Reporting Questionnaire. Entre os profissionais de saúde detectou-se uma prevalência geral de 27,9% para TMC. A análise dos dados revelou que entre os profissionais de saúde, as mulheres e aqueles com idade inferior a 39 anos apresentaram mais chance de or astreamento para TMC ser positivo. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo evidenciaram a presença de TMC, sendo necessário propor medidas para promover à saúde dos profissionais de saúde. ABSTRACT This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) among health professionals of ateaching hospital. It is a quantitative cross-sectional observational study conducted with 359 health professionals, at Hospital deClínicas da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data collection occurred from June to August, 2013.Participants answered both an instrument with professional and social and demographic variables and another one for assessing theprevalence of CMD - the Self Reporting Questionnaire. Among those health professionals, an overall 27.9% prevalence for CMDwas observed. Results identified CMD. It is therefore necessary to propose health promotion measures for health professionals. RESUMEN Este estudio pretende verificar la prevalencia de trastornos mentales comunes (TMC) entre los profesionales de sanidadde un hospital universitario. Se trata de un estudio observacional, transversal con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado con 359profesionales de sanidad, en el Hospital de Clínicas de la Universidade Federal de Triangulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais. La recolectade datos se produjo entre los meses de julio y agosto de 2013. Los partícipes respondieron un instrumento que describe variablessociodemográficas y profesionales y otro para verificar la prevalencia del TMC o Self Reporting Questionnaire. Entre losprofesionales de salud se detectó una prevalencia general de 27,9% para TMC. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio destacaronla presencia de TMC, haciendo necesaria la propuesta de medidas de fomento de la salud de los profesionales sanitarios. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2015.8150

We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), against the major depression module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Data were utilised from antenatal (n = 296) and postnatal participants (n = 366) in the Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS), a multidisciplinary birth cohort investigating the determinants of child health. Mothers were interviewed using the SRQ-20, the EPDS and the MINI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed in order to establish optimal cut-off scores. Current major depressive episode was diagnosed in 5% of antenatal and 4% of postnatal participants. At widely used threshold scores, the sensitivity of the tools ranged from 50 to 67%, although the positive predictive values at these scores were much lower (14–25%). Both tools perform acceptably in identifying mothers at risk for major depression perinatally. In identifying appropriate cut-off scores, optimising specificity and maintaining at least 30% sensitivity seems to be a feasible approach given the resourcing of South African mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between antenatal and postnatal depression and to examine the role of socioeconomic conditions in the risk of postnatal depression. METHODS: A prospective cohort study, conducted between May 2005 and January 2006, with 831 pregnant women recruited from primary care clinics in the public sector in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The presence of antenatal and postnatal depression was measured with the Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics and obstetric information were obtained through a questionnaire. Crude and adjusted risk ratios (RR), with 95% CI, were calculated using a Poisson regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of postnatal depressive symptoms was 31.2% (95%CI: 27.8-34.8%). Among the 219 mothers who had depressive symptoms, nearly 50% had already shown depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Women who had antenatal depression were 2.4 times more likely to present with postnatal depression than were women who did not have such symptoms during pregnancy. In the multivariate analysis, higher scores for assets (RR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.61-0.96), higher education (RR: 0.75 95%CI 0.59-0.96), daily contact with neighbors (RR: 0.68, 95%CI 0.51-0.90) and antenatal depression (RR: 2.44, 95%CI 1.93-3.08) remained independently associated with postnatal depression. CONCLUSIONS: Antenatal and postnatal depression are highly prevalent in the primary care setting.OBJETIVO: Estimar a associação entre depressão pré-natal e pós-natal, e examinar o papel das condições sócioeconômicas sobre o risco de depressão pós-parto. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectivo, realizado entre maio de 2005 e janeiro de 2006, com 831 gestantes recrutadas de clínicas de cuidados básicos, do setor público, na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Presença de depressão pré-natal e pós-natal foi medida com o Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Características sócio-demográficas e socioeconômicas, e informações obstétricas foram obtidas através de um questionário. Riscos relativos (RR), bruto e ajustado, com IC de 95%, foram calculados usando Regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de sintomas depressivos pós-natal foi de 31,2% (IC95% 27,8-34,8%). Entre as 219 mães que tinham sintomas depressivos, quase 50% já haviam mostrado sintomas depressivos durante a gravidez. Mulheres que tiveram depressão pré-natal tiveram risco 2,4 vezes maior de apresentar depressão pós-parto do que as mulheres que não tiveram tais sintomas durante a gravidez. Na análise multivariada, maior escore de bens (RR: 0,76; IC95% 0,1-0,96), maior escolaridade (RR: 0,75; IC95% 0,59-0,96), contacto diário com vizinhos (RR: 0.68; IC95% 0,51-0,90) e depressão pré-natal (RR:2,44; IC95% 1,93-3,08) permaneceram independentemente associadas com depressão pós-parto. CONCLUSÕES: Depressão pré-natal e pós-natal são altamente prevalentes na atenção primária, e profissionais de saúde devem ser treinados para realizar intervenções simples e eficazes, o mais precocemente possível.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) acometem mais frequentemente as mulheres. A baixa gratificação e a falta de visibilidade na realização do trabalho doméstico constituem quadro determinante para esse adoecimento psíquico. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a associação entre sobrecarga doméstica e a ocorrência de transtornos mentais comuns em mulheres da zona urbana do município de Feira de Santana - BA. METODOLOGIA: Estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal incluindo 2.057 mulheres com 15 anos ou mais de idade, selecionadas através de amostragem aleatória por conglomerado. O indicador de sobrecarga doméstica foi criado a partir das atividades domésticas: lavar, passar, limpar e cozinhar, ponderadas pelo número de moradores do domicílio. Os transtornos mentais comuns foram avaliados através do SRQ-20. RESULTADOS: Mulheres com alta sobrecarga doméstica apresentaram prevalência de TMC mais elevada do que as mulheres com baixa sobrecarga: 45,6% contra 36,2%. A análise de regressão logística múltipla confirmou associação entre sobrecarga doméstica e TMC (RP: 1,23; IC95%: 1,05 - 1,44), ajustada pelas variáveis renda, escolaridade e atividades de lazer. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados sustentam a hipótese de que o trabalho doméstico, em elevada sobrecarga, está associado a transtornos mentais.INTRODUCTION: Common mental disorders (CMD) are more frequent in women. Low reward and lack of visibility in performing housework are the determining factors for these psychological illnesses. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between housework overload and the occurrence of common mental disorders in women living in the urban zone of the municipality of Feira de Santana, Bahia. METHODS: cross-sectional epidemiological study that included 2,057 women aged 15 years or over selected by random sampling in clusters. The housework overload indicator was created from the domestic activities of washing, ironing, cleaning and cooking, weighted according to the number of individuals living in the home. The common mental disorders were assessed using SRQ-20. RESULTS: Women with a high housework overload had a higher prevalence of CMD than women with a low overload (45.6% versus 36.2%). Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed the association between housework overload and CMD (PR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.05 - 1.44), adjusted for income, level of schooling and leisure activities. CONCLUSION: The findings support the hypothesis that high housework overload is associated with mental disorders.

OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns segundo características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e presença de doenças crônicas entre residentes em áreas urbanas de Feira de Santana, Bahia. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal com amostra da população de 15 anos ou mais de idade de Feira de Santana, aleatoriamente selecionada. Foi utilizado um formulário, contendo informações sociodemográficas, de hábitos de vida e doenças referidas. O SRQ-20 foi utilizado para mensuração de Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC). A análise estatística foi realizada com nível de significância p < 0,05, cálculo da razão de prevalência e intervalos de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 3.597 indivíduos, 71,4% do sexo feminino. A prevalência global de TMC foi de 29,9%. A análise dos dados revelou que as características sociodemográficas (sexo, renda e escolaridade), os hábitos de vida e as condições clínicas estavam associados à maior prevalência de TMC. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo permitiu estimar a prevalência de TMC na população urbana de um município localizado no nordeste do Brasil e identificar características associadas aos TMC que podem interferir na saúde mental da população estudada. Nesse sentido, as políticas de atenção a saúde mental do município devem contemplar ações direcionadas ao incentivo a participação em atividades de lazer além de campanhas de controle do uso de tabaco e doenças crônicas.OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of common mental disorders according to sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and medical conditions among residents of urban areas of Feira de Santana, Bahia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out, including a random sample of the urban population over the age of 15 years of Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. We used a form to attain information on sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and disease frequency. The SRQ-20 was used to measure common mental disorders (CMD). Statistical analysis adopted the p< 0.05 significance level; prevalence ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: We studied 3,597 individuals, 71.4% female. The global prevalence of CMD was 29.9%. Data analysis revealed that sociodemographic characteristics (sex, education, income), lifestyle and clinical conditions were associated with the prevalence of CMD. CONCLUSION: The study allowed us to estimate the prevalence of CMD among the urban population of a municipality located in Northeastern Brazil and to identify the characteristics associated with CMD prevalence that may interfere with mental health. In this sense, municipal healthcare policies should include actions aimed to encourage participation in leisure activities as well as campaigns to control smoking and chronic diseases.

Pacientes portadores de quadros demenciais frequentemente apresentam uma série de sintomas neuropsiquiátricos que incluem distúrbios do humor, delírios, alucinações, sintomas vegetativos e alterações da atividade psicomotora. Este estudo foi desenhado com o objetivo de investigar a prevalência de morbidade psiquiátrica entre os pacientes com o diagnóstico clínico de demência (ICD-10) atendidos na clínica de memória da Santa Casa de São Paulo entre fevereiro de 1997 e maio de 1998. O estado mental e cognitivo dos pacientes foram avaliados com uma versão ampliada do SRQ-20 e o MMSE respectivamente. Quarenta e cinco porcento dos 75 pacientes disponíveis para análise apresentavam escores iguais ou maiores do que 8 no SRQ-20, indicando a presença de morbidade psiquiátrica significativa. Sintomas característicos de depressão foram relatados por 69,3% dos indivíduos da amostra. Ideação persecutória e alucinações auditivas foram descritas por 20,0% e 16,0% dos idosos avaliados. Oito pacientes (10,7%) descreveram a presença de ideação suicida 3/4 todos apresentavam sintomatologia depressiva. Pacientes com escores no SRQ-20 3 8 ou com ideação suicida eram significativamente mais jovens. Aqueles que relatavam alucinações auditivas apresentavam escores significativamente mais baixos no MMSE. Não se observou diferença significativa entre os sexos quanto à frequência dos sintomas investigados. O exame do estado mental deve ser parte integrante da avaliação do paciente com demência. A detecção e tratamento desses sintomas pode contribuir para diminuir o sofrimento do paciente e o estresse de seus cuidadores.

Background Depression is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Onset commonly occurs during the adolescent period. Understanding how depression tools are functioning among adolescents has been relatively overlooked. Methods Using cross-sectional survey data among a sample of 2768 adolescents (aged 15–19) and 2027 young adults (aged 20–24) living in Zimbabwe this paper calibrated the Shona Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ) against the Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and examined the performance indices of the SSQ based on various cut points for classification. Using a multivariate logistic regression model we isolated particular characteristics to test their association with the odds of being misclassified as non-depressed by the SSQ. Results A modified cut point of five or more substantially increases the depression estimates for both age groups. The prevalence of depression increased from 3.5% to 13.2% among adolescents and from 5.1% to 16.2% among young adults based on these revisions. Adolescents who were orphaned or ever had sex had significantly a greater odd of being misclassified. When retested using the modified cut point of five or greater, associations with misclassification disappeared. Limitations Scales were not administered separately or in their entirety but rather overlapping items were only asked once, utilizing exclusively SRQ-20 phrasing rather than the culturally-emic language in the SSQ. Conclusions Not all depression scales are appropriate for use among adolescents given their unique developmental stage. An alternative cut point for depression classification could improve detection of depression among Zimbabwean adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empirical research is limited regarding postdisaster assessment of distress in developing nations. This study aimed to evaluate the factor structure of the 20-item Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) before and after an acute trauma, Typhoon Xangsane, in order to examine changes in mental health symptoms in an epidemiologic sample of Vietnamese adults. The study examined a model estimating individual item factor loadings, thresholds, and a latent change factor for the SRQ-20's single "general distress" common factor. The covariates of sex, age, and severity of typhoon exposure were used to evaluate the disaster-induced changes in SRQ-20 scores while accounting for possible differences in the relationship between individual measurement scale items and the latent mental health construct. Evidence for measurement noninvariance was found. However, allowing sex and age effects on the pre-typhoon and post-typhoon factors accounted for much of the noninvariance in the SRQ-20 measurement structure. A test of no latent change failed, indicating that the SRQ-20 detected significant individual differences in distress between pre- and post-typhoon assessment. Conditioning on age and sex, several typhoon exposure variables differentially predicted levels of distress change, including evacuation, personal injury, and peri-event fear. On average, females and older individuals reported higher levels of distress than males and younger individuals, respectively. The SRQ-20 is a valid and reasonably stable instrument that may be used in postdisaster contexts to assess emotional distress and individual changes in mental health symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2006, typhoon Xangsane struck Vietnam and disrupted a large-scale mental health needs analysis in the DaNang province of Vietnam in the active recruitment phase. Following the typhoon, the design of study was altered to that of a pre-/post-event investigation, in which 798 of the original 4,982 participants were re-interviewed so that risk and protective factors could be evaluated with respect to probable mental health "caseness" on the basis of the World Health Organization Short Response Questionnaire (SRQ-20) 7/8 cutoff (i.e., scores of 8 or more). Results indicated that caseness prevalence was 20.7% pre-disaster and 27.1% post-disaster. Specific risk factors associated with post-disaster mental health caseness included poor health, extreme peri-disaster fear, and experienced injury. Religious affiliation appeared to be a protective factor. In contrast to US and Asian samples, gender was not predictive of outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To estimate the association between antenatal and postnatal depression and to examine the role of socioeconomic conditions in the risk of postnatal depression. Methods: A prospective cohort study, conducted between May 2005 and January 2006, with 831 pregnant women recruited from primary care clinics in the public sector in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The presence of antenatal and postnatal depression was measured with the Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics and obstetric information were obtained through a questionnaire. Crude and adjusted risk ratios (RR), with 95% CI, were calculated using a Poisson regression. Results: The prevalence of postnatal depressive symptoms was 31.2% (95%CI: 27.8-34.8%). Among the 219 mothers who had depressive symptoms, nearly 50% had already shown depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Women who had antenatal depression were 2.4 times more likely to present with postnatal depression than were women who did not have such symptoms during pregnancy. In the multivariate analysis, higher scores for assets (RR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.61 -0.96), higher education (RR: 0.75 95%CI 0.59-0.96), daily contact with neighbors (RR: 0.68, 95%CI 0.51-0.90) and antenatal depression (RR: 2.44, 95%CI 1.93-3.08) remained independently associated with postnatal depression. Conclusions: Antenatal and postnatal depression are highly prevalent in the primary care setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To assess intimate partner violence (IPV) and psychoemotional disturbance among pregnant women in a low-income setting. Methods: In total, 283 pregnant women with high-risk prenatal complications were surveyed via the 20-item Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and the Violence against Women screening tool. A total SRQ-20 score of at least 7 was defined as indicating psychoemotional disturbance. Results: Median age of participants was 24years, 65 (23.0%) came from marginal areas, 6 (2.1%) had no education, and 75 (26.5%) had fewer than 5 prenatal visits. Median gestational age at survey was 33weeks, with 224 (79.2%) admitted for treatment of threatened preterm labor. Median age of partner was 27years, and 72 (25.5%) consumed alcohol on a daily basis. Ninety-eight (34.6%) pregnant women experienced at least 1 type of physical abuse or violence during the current pregnancy. Median total SRQ-20 score was 7. Overall, 145 (51.2%) had scores of 7 or higher. Total SRQ-20 scores positively correlated with the presence of IPV (number of positive items) and parity, and inversely correlated with maternal education level and gestational age at survey. Conclusion: IPV was highly prevalent and significantly correlated with female psychoemotional disturbance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Family members of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients are regarded as key components of the patient''s evaluation, recovery and treatment. This paper aimed to investigate 75 FEP caregivers'' appraisal, psychological morbidity and quality of life in the initial phase of treatment in a specialized FEP outpatient program in São Paulo, Brazil, and evaluate the validation of the Brazilian version of the Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI). Caregivers were also scored through Self Report Questionnaire-20 and Short Form-36. It was found that 29% of them might be a case for minor psychiatric disorder, that the worst domains of quality of life concerned emotional aspects, vitality and bodily pain, and that they were particularly affected by patients'' negative symptoms, dependency and difficult behaviors. Additionally, internal consistency of ECI was very satisfactory (Cronbach''s alpha=0.95) with subscales ranging from 0.57 (stigma) to 0.94 (total negative score). The Brazilian version of the ECI is not only a facile, reliable and valid instrument to describe the experience of caring for a relative with serious mental illness. It offers mental health professionals an opportunity to access caregivers'' global experience and their evaluation of a severe mental disease, as well as to predict their psychological suffering, which is harmful to both patient and caregiver. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Community-based estimates of psychopathology prevalence in developing countries such as Vietnam, are needed to reduce presumed significant burden of poor mental health. Aims: This study derived population-based prevalence estimates of mental distress, as measured by the SRQ-20, in a community sample of 4,981 adults living in Vietnam. This study also examined correlates of mental distress based on SRQ-20 caseness indications. Risk and protective factors were identified in terms of their unique contribution to caseness. Results: Using a cut-off of 7/8, 19.2% of the sample was considered to be a probable case (n = 954), with females endorsing more items than males. Marital status and employment status were not associated with mental health distress. Higher wealth, endorsing religious affiliation, and self-reports of good health were associated with lower SRQ-20 scores. Age and being female were associated with higher SRQ-20 scores. Conclusions: A single item was as adequate a measure of wealth as multi-item rating scales. Our estimate of mental distress using the SRQ-20 is much greater than that of other studies, and in contrast to western prevalence studies, age was not a protective factor in this study. The SRQ-20 is a brief, cost-effective and reasonably valid measure of both community and individual mental distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: This study assesses, for the first time, the validity and internal reliability of the Edinburgh Post Natal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20-item version (SRQ-20) in detecting depression in Mongolian women of reproductive age. Methods: 100 women age recruited from two psychiatric units specialising in depression (n =55) and three community-based child immunisation clinics (n =45) in Ulaanbataar, Mongolia, were formally psychiatrically assessed by a clinician and by administering the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). Each woman also completed the EPDS and SRQ-20. Results: Ninety four women provided complete data and identical optimal cut-off points for both the EPDS (11.5) and SRQ-20 (8.5) were determined against both the psychiatrist''s and CIS-R based diagnosis using standard validation parameters. On all parameters the SRQ-20 performed better than the EPDS. The sensitivity of the SRQ-20 in detecting depression was 93% and the specificity 97% against the psychiatrist''s diagnosis. Internal reliability was satisfactory. Limitations: The use of a mixed clinical and community sample for validation, and a single psychiatrist may limit the generalisability of these results. Conclusions: The SRQ-20 performed well and better than the EPDS in detecting depression in this group of Mongolian women. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to assess the mental health status of Japanese-Brazilians living in Kiyoharadai, Japan and compare the findings with the Japanese-Brazilians living in Bauru, Brazil. A comparative community-based mental health survey was conducted from November 1997 to April 1999 on a randomly selected sample of Brazilians of Japanese descent living in Bauru, Brazil (n = 213) and on the entire Brazilian community of Kiyoharadai, Utsunomiya, Japan (n = 158), using the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). Analysis was done by χ2 , Fisher and multiple logistic regression. Scores indicating probable cases of minor psychiatric disorders, were found in 3.2% of the community in Bauru city and 17.8% (OR = 7.01) of the community in Kiyoharadai. The sociodemographic data indicated that those with high SRQ-20 scores were most likely to be female (OR = 2.98), smokers (OR = 2.76), and those whose former occupation was student when living in Brazil (OR = 9.57). The mental health status of the Japanese-Brazilians living in Kiyoharadai, Japan is significantly worse than that of the community living in Bauru, Brazil, particularly among women, smokers and those who were students when living in Brazil. Further research concerning the mental health of this community is necessary and assistance provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil has been experiencing a steady increase in the elderly population during the past few years, and as a result old age health-related problems are increasing continuously in number. Psychiatric symptoms are among the most prevalent health problems of the elderly and are an important source of distress for patients and carers, being also associated with significant growth in the costs and demand for the provision of health care services. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mental health problems among the elderly attending a regional primary care unit in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 351 patients older than 60 were assessed during a 6-month period with the SRQ-20 (a scale for the detection of minor psychiatric problems), four questions on psychotic symptoms, AMTS (a scale for the assessment of cognitive functioning) and CAGE (a scale for the assessment of alcoholism); demographic variables were also recorded. Subjects' mean age was 71.22 (CI=70.51–71.92) and 83.5% were female. Thirty-two per cent of subjects were considered ‘cases’ as they scored more than 7 on the SRQ-20 (26.8% of total), or more than 1 on the CAGE (1.4% of total), or at least 1 on the questions assessing psychotic symptoms (12.2% of total). There was a significant excess of women among those found to suffer from psychiatric problems (90.1% vs 80.4%). Cases were also more likely to be illiterate (23.4% vs 12.1%) and to have a lower income (2.21 vs 4.01 minimum wages). Depressive symptoms and tension were highly prevalent (72.9% of subjects). Somatic complaints and signs of inefficient functioning were also common (50.4% and 45.9% respectively). Only five patients answered affirmatively two or more CAGE questions and 12.2% scored at least 1 on the questions assessing psychotic symptoms. Cognitive deficit, as determined by the AMTS, was observed in 13.4% of the sample and was associated with ageing, being illiterate and having higher total SRQ-20 scores. We suggest, that the organization of health care services should take into account the needs of this population, and should also emphasize professional training for the correct assessment and treatment of the most frequent mental health problems in old age. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As características do trabalho na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) são complexas e ainda há poucos estudos que abordam a temática. OBJETIVO: descrever características sociodemográficas e do trabalho e a prevalência de Distúrbios Psíquicos Menores (DPM) e de positivos ao teste CAGE (abuso no consumo de álcool) entre médicos, enfermeiros e cirurgiões-dentistas da ESF de Feira de Santana, Bahia. METODOLOGIA: estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal que utilizou questionário padronizado, não identificado, para descrever: o perfil sociodemográfico; as características do trabalho na ESF; a saúde mental e o uso abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas utilizando o Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e o Teste CAGE,. Os dados foram analisados no Statistical Package for Social Scince (SPSS). RESULTADOS: Entre os 152 respondentes, que correspondem a uma taxa de resposta de 86,4%, a prevalência de DPM foi de 16,0%. Entre os médicos, foi de 17,4%; entre os enfermeiros, de 15,5%; e 15,2% entre os cirurgiões-dentistas. Quanto ao uso abusivo de bebida alcoólica, os médicos apresentaram prevalência de 5,0% e os cirurgiões-dentistas de 7,7%. Os resultados apontaram o predomínio do sexo feminino, de adultos jovens, casados, com vínculo cooperativado, carga horária semanal elevada e mais de um vínculo empregatício. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de DPM e de positivos ao teste CAGE observada na população estudada foi menor do que a encontrada em outros estudos.

Resumo Introdução: à medida que se reconhece o papel dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) para os objetivos do sistema de saúde, é evidente a preocupação com a prevalência de sintomas psíquicos entre esses trabalhadores, conclamando a identificação de indicadores passíveis de serem modificados em favor da saúde mental dos ACS. Objetivo: examinar associações entre a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) e condições de trabalho entre ACS inseridos nos serviços de atenção básica de Belo Horizonte, MG. Método: a amostra aleatória e representativa incluiu 196 sujeitos. Utilizou-se o Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e questionário autopreenchível que continha blocos relacionados às questões sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e hábitos de vida. A análise multivariável adotou entrada hierárquica das variáveis e regressão de Poisson com estimativa da variância robusta. Resultados: a prevalência de TMC de 26,5% foi associada à alta demanda psicológica, relato de agressões contra o trabalhador e insatisfação com as relações pessoais. Conclusão: a significância da associação no tocante à demanda psicológica no trabalho é preocupante, pois seria possível projetar o trabalho dos ACS sem ultrapassar os seus próprios limites. Adequações do modelo organizacional e redesenho das tarefas podem contribuir favoravelmente para a saúde mental dos ACS.