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Priapism is a complication rarely seen in leukemia. We report a 19-year-old man presented with persistent painful erection of penis for over 24 hours at home. The patient had underwent immediate irrigation and decompression of priapism by urologist at emergency services of the hospital. This approach resulted in a flaccid penis later. During hospitalization, peripheral blood smear and bone marrow aspiration confirmed the diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia.

Introduction : Repeated attempts at surgical repair of serious complications involving either the partial or complete breakdown of the hypospadias repair are less likely to succeed because the penis is densely scarred, or significantly shortened, and the skin over the penis is immobile and hypovascular. Buccal mucosa (BM) has become the preferred material for reconstruction, whenever a child with skin-deficient hypospadias needs reoperation. We report the results of our surgical experience with staged reoperation using BM, in the repair of hypospadias in children with complications after multiple failed repairs. Materials and Methods : Children needing reoperation for hypospadias underwent a staged repair using buccal mucosa. The complications were noted. Results : Twenty-one children aged 3 - 16 years underwent this staged repair during the period May 2000 - April 2010. Two of these 21 children had a failed first stage. One child developed a urethro-cutaneous fistula following the second stage, which was corrected in an additional stage. Conclusions : The use of the buccal mucosa graft for urethral reconstruction in a child with hypospadias, needing a reoperation, is a successful method, with a low incidence of complications.

Although emphysematous pyelonephritis is recognized from more than hundred years, the etiology is still controversial. Glucose fermentation is the proposed possible mechanism for gas fermentation. The extension of emphysematous pyelonephritis into portal vein and stomach is a rare condition. We present a 52-year-old woman with uncontrolled diabetes who was admitted with sepsis and left flank pain. She was investigated, and results revealed gas in the left renal system with extension into portal vein and stomach. She was resuscitated and managed with percutaneous drainage, DJ stenting, and broad spectrum antibiotics, she did not improve and hence nephrectomy was done. Prompt diagnosis, early and aggressive treatment is crucial because of high mortality.

The parameatal cyst is a very benign condition seen in boys. We report a case of a parameatal urethral cyst in a 12-year-old boy. The cyst was recognized during early childhood, but the boy presented to our clinic at the age of 12 years, when the mass had grown enough to cause spraying of urine and poor cosmesis. A complete surgical excision was performed. Histologically, the cyst wall was lined by a tall columnar epithelium. Good cosmetic results, with no recurrence, were obtained.

The present study assess the market structure and efficiency of piggery industry in Bengaluru. Total sample size of 35 pig farmers i.e., 5 pig breeders and 30 pig fattening farmers were selected for the study from Bengaluru Rural and Bengaluru Urban districts. Different marketing channels for the disposal of piglets, live animals and pork were examined by selecting a sample of 40 middlemen and 120 consumers. Shepherd's and Acharya's methods were used to calculate the marketing efficiency of piggery farming. The marketing channels for piggery in the study area involved four major intermediaries, viz., farmers, breeders, traders, processors and retailers. In the case of piggery farming, three channels were prevalent, viz., Channel I: Farmers - Consumer; Channel II: Farmers - Traders - Retailers / Butchers - Consumers; Channel III: Farmers - Traders - Processors - Retailers - Consumers. Marketing efficiency was found higher in Channel I among Piggery Farmers as well as breeders. All the farmers in the study area were found to be selling pigs in unregulated markets. The study also highlighted the major marketing constraints faced by different stakeholders in marketing of pigs. Thus, this study provides valuable insights and information that can benefit various stakeholders involved in the piggery industry and drive positive change in the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice is the most important staple food of the country and consumed by about 65 per cent of the population. The present analysis was undertaken to estimate the growth and instability patterns of area, production and productivity of rainfed paddy for the period spanning from 2011 to 2020, factors affecting in non-adoption of rainfed paddy and production as well as marketing constraints faced by paddy growers in Shivamogga district of Karnataka during 2020-2021. Methodology used as Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), Cuddy Della Vella Index and garret's ranking. Findings showed negative, non-significant compound growth rates for rainfed paddy area (1.64) and production (0.95). However, productivity exhibited positive growth (non-significant). Medium stability for area (32.20), production (28.80) and higher stability for productivity (7.33) characterized rainfed paddy, influenced by farmer shifts to crops like arecanut and maize. Chief obstacles to rainfed paddy adoption were late monsoon onset (62.25%), followed by early withdrawal, weed infestation, water control, yield concerns and traditional farmer mindsets. The major production and marketing constraint faced by farmers were identified by using Garrett's ranking methodology on bases of severity. The key production challenges were insect and pest damage (80.00%), low yield (67.00%), labour scarcity and erratic weather (41.86%). Hindrances encompassed delayed inputs, cultivation costs, credit shortages, and marketing issues: price fluctuation (79.00%), high commissions (66.00%), storage inadequacy (50.00%), market unawareness, transportation costs and subpar quality. So to boost awareness and income for rainfed paddy growers, the government should promote traditional practices via financial aid, subsidies and credit support for rainfed paddy farmers. Addressing market challenges, including fluctuating prices and storage insufficiencies, is crucial for sustained progress in rainfed paddy cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presents a comprehensive analysis of the organic profile of food products in the Bengaluru city. Based on the data from 40 organic outlets, it was observed that the majority of retailers belongs to the middle age group (30-50 years), constituting 60.00 per cent of the total sample size. The market was dominated by male retailers, accounting for 77.50 per cent followed by female retailers (22.50%). Most of the retailers had a graduation degree (75.00%), followed by post-graduation (22.50%). About 62.50 per cent of the sample stores were exclusively selling organic certified products, while 80.00 per cent of stores sold natural products, 7.50 per cent of stores had privately labelled/ self-claimed products and 30.00 per cent of stores had both organic certified and other products. The study investigated the year of establishment of the organic outlets, revealing a gradual increase in store openings between 2017 and 2021. Oils, fruits and vegetables, emerged as the major demanded organic food products accounting for about 97.50 and 80.00 per cent of the shelf space, respectively. To promote organic food products, word of mouth was found to be the most effective strategy. Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) value of 0.24 revealed moderate market concentrations of organic outlets in Bengaluru city, which indicated significant presence of a few firms, but the market was not overly dominated by a single entity. According to the study findings organic food market in Bengaluru is witnessing steady growth, with a diverse range of products. The moderate concentration observed in the market indicates the presence of healthy competition among firms, fostering a favourable environment for both consumers and suppliers. It can serve valuable insights for organic food retailers, marketers and policy makers to understand the market competitiveness, demand patterns and effective promotional strategies in this promising market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the total world production of 13.7 MMT (2018-19), India is the second-largest fish producer in the world, contributing 1.07 per cent of the global GDP and providing 14 million people with significant employment opportunities throughout the value chain in harvesting, processing, packaging and distribution. The statistics for the last 10 years regarding the trade in fisheries and related products, namely the trading of seven products with HS codes, were gathered from the ITC and OECD as the secondary source of information. With 1.37 MT in volume and a value of Rs.45,106.89 crore, or roughly 10 per cent of all exports and 5.23 per cent of the country's agricultural GVA, fish and fish products have recently emerged as the largest group of agricultural exports from India. China has a higher CAGR of 28.87 per cent in the top exporting nations and India is the top exporting nation with UAS (36.15%), China (17.37%) and Japan (7.38%) in terms of percentage of total exports. As the top three exporters to India, Bangladesh (25.01%), Uzbekistan (23.27%) and Myanmar (13.14%), respectively. Oman and China, with CAGR shares of 69.76 and 60.15 per cent, respectively, have the highest percentages with India. Between these nations that are close to India, Bangladesh and Myanmar have a higher import percentage share destination. The nation has more than unit is relatively more advantageous in products of mollusks, crustaceans and frozen fish with 9.15, 2.92 and 1.14, respectively. Live fish has 7.7 USD million with less than IUV 9.18 USD million. Compared to importing, exporting of live fish will rise, followed by that of crustaceans, fish fit for human consumption, dried, salted or brine, etc. Products with lower EUV than IUV of fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates can be reduced here. These products have HS Codes of '0303, '0304', '0307' and '0308', respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted in ten villages of Madanapalle division in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh to unearth the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges in tomato cultivation. Sixty tomato growers were interviewed using a pre-tested interview schedule. The results revealed that a vast majority of the tomato growers perceived the strengths of tomato cultivation as, huge demand for tomatoes during the off-season (96.66%), tomato crop gives significantly higher yield (96.66%), tomato crop requires less irrigation (81.64%) and easy accessibility to market (78.34%). High cost of agro-chemicals (fertilizers and plant protection chemicals) (100.00%), price instability (100.00%), retailers and wholesalers have all the role in price fixation (100.00%) and less bargaining power of the farmers (100.00%) were the weaknesses of tomato cultivation as perceived by all the tomato growers. The opportunities of tomato cultivation as recognized by the tomato growers were: setting up of processing industries (100.00%), contact farming initiatives need to be encouraged more through supportive policies (93.33%), provision of storage facilities (86.67%) and creation of facilities for strengthening of public and private partnership in tomato cultivation (83.33%) and developing organized tomato marketing systems at village clusters (20 villages/cluster) (76.67%). High cost of agro-chemicals (fertilizers and plant protection chemicals) (100.00%), malpractices of merchants in the mandies (deduction of unauthorized market charges, the unfair weight of the produce, etc.) (100.00%) and frequent price slashes due to changes in export policies or unregulated domestic markets (100.00%) are the challenges of tomato cultivation as perceived by all the tomato growers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk and return play an important role in making any investment decision. Risk is the chance that an investment’s actual return will be less than its expected return. This risk of loss is linked to the expected variability in the investment’s return (Neeraj and Anurag, 2014). The study aims at making strategic decisions for the opportunity that is available for investors as per as returns are concerned and the investment of risk thereof while investing in the equity of firms listed in National Stock Exchange (NSE). Diversification of investment helps to spread risk over many securities. Portfolio construction is a widely used concept on how investors can construct investment portfolios to maximise returns and minimise risk. The study comprised of fifteen Nifty FMCG stocks along with Nifty FMCG index and Nifty Fifty index for the period January, 2011 through December, 2021. The optimum portfolio for the sample study investment is P & G Hygiene and Health Care Limited (25.02 per cent), Dabur India Limited (15.20 per cent), Marico Limited (13.72 per cent), Nifty FMCG Index (10.47 per cent), Colgate-Palmolive India Limited (9.16 per cent), ITC Limited (7.58 per cent), Hindustan Unilever Limited (6.74 per cent), Nifty Fifty Index (6.09 per cent), Nestle India Limited (3.04 per cent), Radico Khaitan Limited (2.98 per cent), which has a portfolio mean return of 1.37 per cent per month and with a portfolio beta (βp ) of 0.43 and with a portfolio Treynor ratio of –1.75, with a portfolio Sharpe ratio –22.80 and with a portfolio standard deviation (σp ) of 3.32 and portfolio variance (σ ²p ) of 0.11. The study has captured Security Market Line (SML) and Security Characteristic Line (SCL) for portfolio allocation decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of financial performance of farmer producer companies (FPCs) will provide deeper insights regarding management efficiency and organization health. Besides, performance of FPCs is vital for long run sustainability. In this context the present study aims to assess the performance of eight FPCs from 2018 to 2021 operating in the state of Andhra Pradesh through growth rates and financial ratios. Due to uncertainty in logistics operations in view of COVID 19, FPCs reported a decline in sales growth in 2021 compared to 2020. However, all FPCs except FPC 8 had shown improvement in sales and assets since their incorporation. The liquidity positions and operating efficiency of the FPCs were found satisfactory except FPC 8, while a shift towards equity finance from debt finance was observed through solvency ratios. Due to growth in operating expenses, a decline in the profitability of FPCs has been observed over the study period. The performance scores obtained through compiling of all financial ratios indicated that FPC 5 had better performance while that of FPC 8 had poor performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Third sector comprises of charities, social enterprises and voluntary groups supporting community at a local level. The study focused on the contribution of third sector organisations towards women empowerment. In all, the total number of third sector organizations selected for the study from Kolara, Chikkaballapura and Tumkuru districts was 30. The sample consists of different types of TSOs which include non-governmental organisations (NGOs), Self-help groups (SHGs) & Primary level cooperatives. The primary data was collected from 141 women members/beneficiaries of TSOs. To achieve the specific objectives of the study, percentages along with the chi-square test, McNemar & Wilcoxon sign rank test was used to find significant difference in social conditions & economic impact on women was adopted between the period before and after joining the TSO. The study found that the economic & socio-political empowerment of women in Kolara, Chikkaballapura & Tumkuru districts of Karnataka has increased due to their participation in TSO. After joining TSO, women were able to start income)generating activities; they were buying assets and were involved in social activities. It was found that their decision making power and self-esteem had increased significantly. Performance of SHGs is encouraging in almost all respects except the training part which needs the government attention as out of total expenditure from the allocated funds, less fund has been spent on marketing and very less on imparting training. Hence, there is a need to make the SHG movement more entrepreneurial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of the research study was on value chain analysis of minor millets for improving economic status of farmers in Tumakuru district of Karnataka. Multistage sampling technique was employed in the selection of 80 farmers who were millet growers from different parts of Tumakuru district viz., Tiptur, Chikkanayakanahalli, Sira and Pavagda. For analyzing the data, porter’s value chain model (1985) was used and tabular method was employed to compile the cost and returns of minor millets cultivation. The per hectare total cost of cultivation of all the six millets have been calculated and it is observed that, per hectare cost of cultivation of finger millet worked out to be Rs.38,128 which is higher among all the minor millets where the lowest in case of barnyard millet Rs.17,781/ha. The net return for finger millet is Rs.13,475/ha. The return per rupee of investment is highest in foxtail millet and barnyard millet is 1.60 and 1.54, respectively. Personal interviews were also conducted to study the improvements in primary activities of value chain. Improvements suggested under primary activities: procurement of millet through government agency at MSP (80%) and government support to farmers and entrepreneurs to create storage facilities (66%). Whereas, under support activities: more number of processing and value addition units (84%) and Government procurement on MSP (60%). Hence, the study suggested the farmers to go for value addition and get better returns rather than selling it in a raw form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy, much more attention is needed to sustain the industry. Vegetables are essential components of nutritional security given their short duration, high yield, nutritional capital, economic viability and the potential to generate on-farm and off-farm employment. An increase in per capita income, health awareness, urbanization, increasing working women, crop diversification towards high value vegetables for higher profits fuel vegetable cultivation in the country. The primary focus of the study was to assess the mapping and understanding of supply chain of green leafy vegetables in Bengaluru, Karnataka. The total sample size included 40 green leafy vegetable farmers / growers and 20 retailers identified through focus group discussions. An attempt to map and understand the performance of supply chain of green leafy vegetables and to enquire the monetary flow to farmers from consumers through different channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted in Anekal taluk of Bengaluru Rural district of Karnataka during 2020-21 to analyze the attitude of farmers towards rose cultivation and to identify the production problems of farmers. Sixty rose growers were personally interviewed using a pre-tested interview schedule. Attitude of rose growers was analyzed using the scale developed by Mangal Singh (2014). The scale consisted of 14 attitude statements and the response for each attitude statement of rose growers was measured on 'Likert (1932) format' using five response continuum of strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree and strongly disagree with a score of 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1, respectively. Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the present study. The results revealed that a majority of the farmers (51.67 %) were possessing more favourable attitude towards rose cultivation, whereas 31.67 and less than one-fifth (16.66 %) of the respondents were possessing favourable and less favourable attitude, respectively. Chi square test revealed that education, land holding, annual income, cosmopoliteness, mass media participation, extension agency contact and extension participation of rose growers had significant to highly significant association with their attitude towards rose cultivation. The results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that ten independent variables together contributed to the tune of nearly 72.18 per cent out of the variation in the development of favourable attitude towards rose cultivation among the respondents. High investment for cultivating rose and incidence of pests and disease were the major production problems faced by the farmers in rose cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out during 2019-20 at Bengaluru district. Bengaluru is located in South Eastern Karnataka, on the Deccan Plateau and it lies at an average elevation of 920 meters (3,018 feet) in the South Eastern part of Karnataka. The people of Bengaluru district mainly Urban and Rural population depend on green leafy vegetables as food supplements. This paper encompasses the information of 42 species of 42 genera of 31 families were tabulated as botanical name, local name, family and mode of consumption. Use of green leafy vegetables may act as alternative food resources other than cultivated vegetables, thus also acting as a multi-valued resource for health and wealth. The total sample size was 40 green leafy vegetable farmers/growers. Hence, an attempt was made to study the cost of cultivation, marketing costs and returns of growing green leafy vegetables. Results showed that, around 74.34 per cent of total cost of cultivation comprised of variable cost (Rs, 12,003.11/acre) and fixed cost was 25.65 per cent (Rs.4,142.53/acre). The total cost of cultivation was Rs.16,145.64/acre, the net returns was Rs.45,932.61/acre and the magnitude of B:C ratio was 3.32:1. The marketing cost of green leafy vegetables in channel-II (produce - APMC - commission agent/traders - wholesalers - retailers - consumers) was Rs.269.76/1000 bundles, channel-II (producer - procurement centers - company retail outlets - consumers) was Rs.262.36/1000 bundles and in channel-III (producers - traders - wholesalers and retailers - consumers) was Rs.39.57/1000 bundles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was undertaken during January-February 2020 in Bengaluru city to analyse the attitude of retailers towards Yeswanthpur Metro Cash and Carry. Ninety retailers were selected randomly as sample based on their availability during the investigation and also the retailers who were willing to provide the required information voluntarily. It was found that a larger number of retailers who visited Yeswanthpur Metro Cash and Carry were young (42.22 %), male (83.34 %), married (97.78 %), graduates (35.57 %), having nuclear (84.44 %) and small (55.55 %) family. Nearly half of the retailers (46.66 %) belonged to the annual income category of Rs.1.50,000/- to Rs.3,00,00/-. In respect of mass media participation, all the retailers (100.00 %) were viewing television and a simple majority of retailers were reading newspapers (51.11 %). More than three-fourth of the retailers (77.78 %) had favourable to more favourable attitude towards Yeswanthpur Metro Cash and Carry. Discount for specific product not available throughout the year (100.00 %), non availability of home delivery of products (100.00 %) and canteen service/facility not available (100.00 %) at Yeswanthpur Metro Cash and Carry were the common constraints faced by the retailers. There is a need for effective marketing strategy by Yeswanthpur Metro Cash and Carry through newspaper, television, radio, mobile phones, magazines, pamphlets, bill board, internet etc., for promotion of its products and to create awareness among its registered customers about the customer friendly promotion schemes available at Yeswanthpur Metro Cash and Carry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present numerical investigation is to explore the impact of magnetic field on peristaltic flow of an incompressible tangent‐hyperbolic fluid in an asymmetric channel. The present physical model is developed based on the considered flow configuration and with the help of small Reynolds number approximations. The current flow problem is revealed under the influence of applied magnetic field. The asymmetric channel has been considered to narrate the present physical problem. Considered physical situation in the current investigation gives the unsteady coupled highly nonlinear system of partial differential equations. Also, the simplified equations for pressure, pressure gradient, and streamlines have been obtained with the help of suitable transformations. A regular perturbation scheme is employed to produce the semi‐analytical results of the present problem. The influence of various physical parameters on pressure, pressure gradient, and streamlines are illustrated with the help of graphs. From the present analysis, it is observed that the increasing magnetic number decreases the pressure and pressure gradient in the channel. Also, the size of trapping bolus increases with increasing values of Weissenberg number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out during 2019-20 at Yeswanthpur Metro Cash and Carry in Bengaluru city, to know the retailers preference to purchase the consumer products and to analyse the satisfaction of retailers regarding the convenience and environment at Yeswanthpur Metro Cash and Carry. Ninety retailers who were available during the research investigation were randomly selected for the study. As many as 16 products were purchased by the sampled retailers at Yeswanthpur Metro Cash and Carry. A larger number of retailers visited Yeswanthpur Metro Cash and Carry on Friday and Monday (25.55% each), during morning hours (51.11%) and once in a month (33.33%). It was also found that a majority of the retailers have spent Rs.10,001/ to Rs.20,000/ during each visit to Yeswanthpur Metro Cash and Carry (82.22%), paid the bill by swiping credit card (53.33%) and have taken less than three hours to purchase the products during each visit to Yeswanthpur Metro Cash and Carry (86.66%). A majority of retailers had preferred to purchase products at Yeswanthpur Metro Cash and Carry due to its quality, competitive price, availability of products through out the year, availability of fresh fruits and vegetables and special discounts offered during festive seasons. Further, as high as 41.12 per cent of the retailers were more satisfied regarding the convenience and environment at Yeswanthpur Metro Cash and Carry, while 40.00 and 18.88 per cent of the retailers belonged to satisfied and less satisfied category regarding the convenience and environment at Yeswanthpur Metro Cash and Carry, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is the highest producing country in the world and contributes one fourth in total pulse production. The Karnataka state is one of the leading pigeonpea growing states, with Gulbarga district contributing about 56 per cent of the total pigeonpea area of the state. The present study investigates the adoption pattern of improved varieties of pigeonpea. A sample size of farmers each of adopters and non-adopters of improved varieties of pigeonpea were selected randomly from four villages in two blocks of Gulbarga district. The result indicates that more than 45 years age group with higher education background was the adopters of improved varieties. WRP-1variety released by University of agricultural Sciences, Dharwad was the leading improved cultivar's among the sample farmers which has higher net return over ICP-8863 and local varieties. The short duration of the crop, more grain yield and high market price were found to be the main reasons for adoption of the improved varieties. The logit analysis interpret that size of operational holding, education and age of farmers were found significant and positive factors influencing adoption decisions of farmers. It was suggested that greater agricultural research efforts are needed towards varietal improvement in pigeonpea crop in order to improve their yield. Emphasis may be given for improvement in the development of infrastructural facilities for quality and timely availability of inputs including credit facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE study was conducted in Bengaluru Urban district of Karnataka during 2019-20 to identify different brands of milk and milk products marketed to analyze consumer preference and to estimate the consumer demand for milk and milk products. Primary data were collected from 45 consumers and 15 retailers each in Bengaluru North and Bengaluru South taluks of Bengaluru Urban district through pre-tested schedule. The findings revealed that 98.89 per cent of consumers preferred branded milk and 63.33 per cent of consumers preferred retail shops for milk purchase. 76.66 per cent of consumers purchased less than or equal to one litre of milk per day. Nandini is the most preferred brand for milk (58.88 %), curd (53.33 %), paneer (45.45 %) and butter milk (20.83 %). Amul is the preferred brand for ice-cream (46.66 %) and butter (22.22 %) and in the case of ghee, GRB (30.30 %) is preferred brand. Nutritional value with Garrett's mean score of 61.59 stood first with respect to factors influencing consumer preference followed by quality (55.27), price (53.10), brand image (49.29), easy availability (46.29), advertisement (43.14) and offers (41.03). Estimated demand for fresh milk is 16.82 crore litres in Bengaluru city for the year 2020-21. It is suggested that the popularity of milk products like paneer and buttermilk are gaining acceptance from urban consumers. Hence, the milk processing units should concentrate on these products for a good turnover and profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cleft lip and cleft palate are one of the most common craniofacial anomalies. Infants suffer a lot of difficulty in sucking during the initial few days after birth. There is even psychological stress to the parents due to improper feeding and the infants lose weight and are prone to nutritional insufficiency. Due to recent advancement in the medical field, there is a total repair of cleft lip and cleft palate and these procedures are performed in the later stages of infants. It is the multidisciplinary approach which includes pedodontist, oral surgeon, prosthodontist and speech therapist. In this article, the technique is highlighted to fulfill the feeding problem of infants in the early stages of birth with a modified feeding bottle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present physical problem has a significant number of applications in intra-uterine fluid motion with tiny particles in a nonpregnant uterus, and this situation of fluid motion is very important in examining the embryo motion in a uterus. Due to these real-life applications, in the current investigation, a perturbation-oriented numerical investigation has been performed to describe the characteristics features of velocity, pressure rise, and trapping bolus through streamlines in a tapered channel under a porous medium. The present physical model results in the governing two-dimensional coupled nonlinear flow equations under low Reynolds number and long-wavelength approximations. A suitable equation for stream function is derived and a regular perturbation scheme is employed to produce the numerical solutions in terms of pressure rise, velocity, and streamlines for various values of physical parameters. The current investigation depicts that the enhancing Darcy parameter upsurged the pressure field, and the increasing power-law index suppressed the pressure field in the flow regime. The rincreasing channel width significantly diminished the velocity field at the central portion of the channel. The size of the trapping bolus suppressed for the enhancing values of Weissenberg number. In addition, the size of the trapping bolus increased for the magnifying values of wave amplitudes. Finally, current numerical solutions reasonably agree with the previously published results in the literature, and this fact confirms the accuracy of the present problem.

Alveolar ridge resorption has long been considered an unavoidable consequence of tooth extraction. While the extent and pattern of resorption is variable among individuals, there is a progressive loss of ridge contour as a result of physiologic bone remodeling. Even today, with best modalities of tooth preservation, there is a group of elderly individuals who do not benefit from modern preventive practices and who now present a dilemma in terms of maintaining the masticatory apparatus necessary for nutrition. Even with excellent dental care, such patients experience abrasion of the natural tooth crowns with age, and embedded roots are left within the alveolar bone. According to old concepts of dental care, extraction of these roots would have been recommended, but today’s goal of excellence in endodontics dictates otherwise. We report a case in which vital and non-vital root submergence was carried out to prevent alveolar ridge reduction.