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1. Effects of bed cleanliness on tucked and extended sleep-related lying postures of Japanese Black fattening cattle

Author

Shen Dan, Hidetoshi Kakihara, and Michiru Fukasawa

Subjects
bed cleanliness, japanese black fattening cattle, lying, sleep-related lying posture, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Objective Resting comfort may influence sleep-related lying postures in cattle. This study aimed to investigate the effects of bed cleanliness on tucked (TSP) and extended (ESP) head positions in sleep-related lying postures. Methods The study was conducted over two experimental periods. In each period, four Japanese Black fattening cattle were assigned to the cleaning treatment (CL), in which bedding material was replaced once during each experimental period. Four cattle were assigned to the control treatment (CON) with no bed cleaning. Daily duration, bout frequency, and bout length of sleep-related lying postures were measured, and bed moisture, ammonia concentration in the air, plasma cortisol, and serotonin concentration were also measured within one week before and after cleaning treatment in each period. Results The bed moisture and ammonia concentrations decreased in CL after bed cleaning. Following bed cleaning, the duration and bout frequency of TSP in CL decreased compared to that observed in CON, whereas ESP in CL increased after bed cleaning. Total duration of sleep-related lying postures and cortisol and serotonin levels did not differ between CL and CON. Conclusion These results suggest that cattle in sleep-related lying postures shifted from tucked head positions to extended head positions in response to improved bed cleanliness.

Published
2023
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2. Ultrafine grained W–Ti alloys prepared by spark plasma sintering

Author

SHEN Dan-ni, WANG Chao-ning, GAO Peng, and KONG Jian

Subjects
grain refinement, spark plasma sintering, w–ti alloys, microstructure, properties, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract

The W–Ti alloys with the Ti atomic fraction in the range of 15%~30% were prepared by spark plasma sintering in this paper. The phase composition, microstructure, and formation mechanism of the ultrafine grained W–Ti alloys with the different Ti content were studied. The results show that, the W–Ti alloys containing β1(Ti,W) phase and β2(Ti,W) phase can be prepared by spark plasma sintering at 1100 ℃ in 5 min. Under the combined action of Ti segregation and rapid sintering, the grain size of the centimeter-sized bulk samples is up to sub-micron scale, and the properties of the W–Ti alloys first increase and then decrease with the increase of Ti content. When the Ti atomic fraction is 25%, the relative density of the samples is (98.5±0.1) %, the average size of W grains is about (340±20) nm, and the hardness and compressive strength are HV (860±2) and (2600±10) MPa, respectively.

Published
2021
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12. BENCHMARK EVALUATION OF REACTIVITY EFFECTS AND REACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS IN THE MOLTEN SALT REACTOR EXPERIMENT

Author

Shen Dan and Fratoni Massimiliano

Subjects
msre, molten salt fuel, control rod worth, reactivity effect, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

A set of benchmarks based on the experimental data from the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) is being compiled as part of International Reactor Physics Experiments Evaluation Reactor Physics Experiments Evaluation Project (IRPhEP). The initial benchmark that will be available in the 2019 edition of the IRPhEP handbook covers the first zero-power criticality experiment. Follow up benchmarks are under development based on the series of control rod calibration experiments performed at the MSRE, which consisted in progressive addition of a small amount (85g) of 235U in the salt followed by the insertion of the control rods acts to compensate for the excess reactivity insertion. Multiple reactivity effects and coefficients measurements are included in the benchmark: differential worth of a control rod, reactivity equivalent of 235U addition, control rod bank worth, reactivity effect of fuel circulation, isothermal temperature coefficient and fuel temperature coefficient. An uncertainty of 2% is attributed to the reported reactivity measurements from experimenters and it was believed that the uncertainty of reactor period measurement contributed the most of the experimental uncertainty. An additional 2% uncertainty was added to all reactivity measurements to represent the uncertainty for the correction factor applied to pull all the measurements on the same uranium concentration and this uncertainty was reasonably inferred by evaluating this factor on the MSRE benchmark model. The calculated reactivity equivalent of 235U additions (0.2228±0.0014, represented as the change of reactivity over the relative change of 235U mass in loop) matches well with the experiment value (0.223±0.006). Most of other calculations, including the control rod bank worth, reactivity effects of fuel circulation and isothermal and fuel temperature coefficients fall within one standard deviation from the experimental values as well.

Published
2021
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21. Recognition of protein/gene names from text using an ensemble of classifiers

Author

Zhou GuoDong, Shen Dan, Zhang Jie, Su Jian, and Tan SoonHeng

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Abstract This paper proposes an ensemble of classifiers for biomedical name recognition in which three classifiers, one Support Vector Machine and two discriminative Hidden Markov Models, are combined effectively using a simple majority voting strategy. In addition, we incorporate three post-processing modules, including an abbreviation resolution module, a protein/gene name refinement module and a simple dictionary matching module, into the system to further improve the performance. Evaluation shows that our system achieves the best performance from among 10 systems with a balanced F-measure of 82.58 on the closed evaluation of the BioCreative protein/gene name recognitiontask (Task 1A).

Published
2005
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41. Sequence variation and selection of small RNAs in domesticated rice

Author

Cai Daguang, Zhu Qian-Hao, Zheng Jian, Chen Huan, Bo Shiping, Shen Dan, Wang Yu, Helliwell Chris, and Fan Longjiang

Subjects
Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract

Abstract Background Endogenous non-coding small RNAs (21-24 nt) play an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation in plants. Domestication selection is the most important evolutionary force in shaping crop genomes. The extent of polymorphism at small RNA loci in domesticated rice and whether small RNA loci are targets of domestication selection have not yet been determined. Results A polymorphism survey of 94 small RNA loci (88 MIRNAs, four TAS3 loci and two miRNA-like long hairpins) was conducted in domesticated rice, generating 2 Mb of sequence data. Many mutations (substitution or insertion/deletion) were observed at small RNA loci in domesticated rice, e.g. 12 mutation sites were observed in the mature miRNA sequences of 11 MIRNAs (12.5% of the investigated MIRNAs). Several small RNA loci showed significant signals for positive selection and/or potential domestication selection. Conclusions Sequence variation at miRNAs and other small RNAs is higher than expected in domesticated rice. Like protein-coding genes, non-coding small RNA loci could be targets of domestication selection and play an important role in rice domestication and improvement.

Published
2010
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