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Background: For children and adolescents affected by bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (BSCP), non-invasive neurostimulation with repetitive neuromuscular magnetic stimulation (rNMS) combined with physical exercises, conceptualized as functional rNMS (frNMS), represents a novel treatment approach. Methods: In this open-label study, six children and two adolescents (10.4 ± 2.5 years) with BSCP received a frNMS intervention targeting the gluteal muscles (12 sessions within 3 weeks). Results: In 77.1% of the sessions, no side effects were reported. In 16.7%, 6.3% and 5.2% of the sessions, a tingling sensation, feelings of pressure/warmth/cold or very shortly lasting pain appeared, respectively. frNMS was highly accepted by families (100% adherence) and highly feasible (97.9% of treatment per training protocol). A total of 100% of participants would repeat frNMS, and 87.5% would recommend it. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure demonstrated clinically important benefits for performance in 28% and satisfaction in 42% of mobility-related tasks evaluated by caregivers for at least one follow-up time point (6 days and 6 weeks post intervention). Two patients accomplished goal attainment for one mobility-related goal each. One patient experienced improvement for both predefined goals, and another participant experienced improvement in one and outreach of the other goal as assessed with the goal attainment scale. Conclusions: frNMS is a safe and well-accepted neuromodulatory approach that could improve the quality of life, especially in regard to activity and participation, of children and adolescents with BSCP. Larger-scaled studies are needed to further explore the effects of frNMS in this setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-invasive neurostimulation as an adjunctive intervention to task-specific motor training is an approach to foster motor performance in patients affected by upper motor neuron syndrome (UMNS). Here, we present first-line data of repetitive neuromuscular magnetic stimulation (rNMS) in combination with personalized task-specific physical exercises targeting the tibialis anterior muscle to improve ankle dorsiflexion (functional rNMS (frNMS)). The main objective of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility in terms of adherence to frNMS, safety and practicability of frNMS, and satisfaction with frNMS. First, during 10 training sessions, only physical exercises were performed (study period (SP) A). After a 1 week break, frNMS was delivered during 10 sessions (SPC). Twelve children affected by UMNS (mean age 8.9 ± 1.6 years) adhered to 93% (SPA) and 94% (SPC) of the sessions, and omittance was not related to the intervention itself in any case. frNMS was safe (no AEs reported in 88% of sessions, no AE-related discontinuation). The practicability of and satisfaction with frNMS were high. Patient/caregiver-reported outcomes revealed meaningful benefits on the individual level. The strength of the ankle dorsiflexors (MRC score) clinically meaningfully increased in four participants as spasticity of ankle plantar flexors (Tardieu scores) decreased in four participants after SPC. frNMS was experienced as a feasible intervention for children affected by UMNS. Together with the beneficial effects achieved on the individual level in some participants, this first study supports further real-world, large-scale, sham-controlled investigations to investigate the specific effects and distinct mechanisms of action of frNMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Impaired selective motor control, weakness and spasticity represent the key characteristics of motor disability in the context of bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Independent walking ability is an important goal and training of the gluteal muscles can improve endurance and gait stability. Combining conventional physical excercises with a neuromodulatory, non-invasive technique like repetitive neuromuscular magnetic stimulation probably enhances effects of the treatment. This prospective study aimed to assess the clinical effects of repetitive neuromuscular magnetic stimulation in combination with a personalized functional physical training offered to children and adolescents with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Methods: Eight participants Gross Motor Function Classification System level II and III (10.4± 2y5m; 50% Gross Motor Function Classification System level II) received a personalized intervention applying functional repetitive neuromuscular magnetic stimulation (12 sessions within 3 weeks; 12,600 total stimuli during each session). At baseline and follow up the following assessments were performed: 10-m-walkingtest, 6-min-walking-test, GMFM-66. Six weeks after the end of treatment the patientreported outcome measure Gait Outcome Assessment List was completed. Results: GMFM-66 total score improved by 1.4% (p = 0.002), as did scoring in domain D for standing (1.9%, p = 0.109) and domain E for walking, jumping and running (2.6%, p = 0.021). Gait speed or distance walked during 6 min did not improve from baseline to follow up. Patient-reported outcome showed improvement in 4 patients in altogether 14 ratings. Caregiver-reported outcome reported benefits in 3 participants in altogether 10 ratings. Conclusion: Repetitive neuromuscular magnetic stimulation promises to be a meaningful, non-invasive treatment approach for children and adolescents with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy that could be offered in a resource-efficient manner to a broad number of patients. To further investigate the promising effects of repetitive neuromuscular magnetic stimulation and its mechanisms of action, larger-scaled, controlled trials are needed as well as comprehensive neurophysiological investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]