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Masalah rokok pada hakikatnya sudah menjadi masalah nasional, bahkan internasional. Efek yang ditimbulkan dari merokok juga sangat banyak bagi kesehatan, akan tetapi masih saja banyak orang yang tetap memilih untuk menikmatinya khususnya di kalangan tenaga kesehatan. Subjek penelitian adalah tenaga kesehatan yang sudah bekerja di rumah sakit, rentan usia 23 - 40 tahun, perokok berat, Masyarakat Kota X. Metode pengambilan data penelitian ini menggunakan 3 skala Likert yaitu skala perilaku merokok berjumlah 25 item, skala stress berjumlah 27 item, skala lingkungan sosial berjumlah 23 aitem. Hasil penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan yang signifikan antara stress dan lingkungan sosial dengan perilaku merokok (R = 0.280, F = 20.817 dan signifikansi p = 0.000 (p0.01)). Apabila dilihat secara parsial lingkungan sosial memiliki hubungan secara positif dan sangat signifikan terhadap perilaku merokok sebesar (rxy = 0.508 dan p = 0.000 ; (p0.01). Lebih lanjut lagi stress dan perilaku merokok memiliki hubungan positif sebesar (rxy = 0.959 dan p = 0.000 ; (p0.01). kesimpulan semakin tinggi tingkat stress dan semakin besar pengaruh lingkungan sosial terhadap seseorang maka perilaku merokok orang tersebut akan meningkat, begitu juga sebaliknya.

One of the adaptations that are being carried out in schools in Indonesia in the post-pandemic era is the implementation of online learning models and mixed learning. However, the challenge that arises is that for teachers today more effort is needed to create activities that can be used in this new situation. One application that can accommodate the need to store various types of teaching materials from all teachers in various schools is a web-based application such as Glide. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the Glide web-based application can be applied as a learning medium and a means of sharing knowledge for teachers in the post-pandemic period. The research method used is qualitative with the development of problem solving methods of linking. The results showed that Glide can be used as a learning medium and a means of sharing knowledge for teachers in the post-pandemic period with some notes. First, the school or teacher must design it so that the contents of the application focus on the collection of teaching materials. Second, the manipulative ability of learning media cannot be obtained through the Glide application. Third, schools need to develop plans so that the implementation of this application can run effectively.

Critical thinking is one of the most important issues in education. However, based on field observation results it is found that students have low critical thinking skills. One reason is that learning activities in the classroom do not foster students’ critical thinking skills. The purpose of this research study to enhance students’ critical skills by implementing the Problem-based Learning (PBL) method. The research subjects were 29 grade 7 students in a junior high school in Manado. The research method used was Classroom Action Research (CAR), conducted from September 12 to November 3, 2017. The instruments used were diagnostic tests, pre-tests and post-tests, observation sheets, student interviews, checklists by observers and students, and the researcher’s reflection journal. Data results were analyzed using the descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that the implementation of the PBL method was able to enhance students’ critical thinking skills in learning math with the achievement percentage of students who passed the KKM for pre-test and post-test based on the overall data analysis result from cycle one to two showing an enhancement of 22% on the first indicator, 9% on the third indicator, and 2% on the fourth indicator. The second indicator showed no enhancement amd there was a decrease of 8% on the fifth indicator. Therefore, the PBL method is effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills through each stage of the method in the learning process. BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Kemampuan berpikir kritis adalah salah satu hal terpenting dalam dunia pendidikan. Namun, berdasarkan observasi di lapangan ditemukan bahwa siswa memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis yang rendah. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah aktivitas pembelajaran di kelas tidak melatih keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa menggunakan metode Problem-based Learning (PBL). Subyek penelitian adalah 29 siswa kelas VII di suatu SMP di Manado. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), dilakukan dari September sampai dengan November 2017. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah diagnostic test, pre-test dan post-test, lembar observasi, wawancara siswa, checklistoleh pengamat dan siswa, dan jurnal refleksi peneliti. Analisis data hasil penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode PBL mampu meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika dengan peningkatan indikator satu sebesar 22%, indikator tiga sebesar 9%, dan indikator empat sebesar 2%. Adapun untuk indikator dua tidak mengalami peningkatan dan indikator lima mengalami penurunan sebesar 8%. Dengan demikian, metode PBL terbukti efektif meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa melalui setiap tahapan metode dalam proses pembelajaran.

Podcasting as a Learning Tool in Medical Education: Before and During the Pandemic Period Podcasts have seen significant growth as a medium for medical education over the last 15 years. The COVID-19 pandemic altered the way in which medical education is delivered to learners, including medical students, resident physicians, fellows, and practicing clinicians in the form of continuing medical education. A literature search using Google Scholar, PubMed, and NCBI was conducted to analyze and discuss how podcasts are utilized in medical education-both before and during the pandemic-and how this form of asynchronous education may influence clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. Finally, this review discusses how learners’ habits while using podcasts may affect the way in which the information is internalized and the future of using podcasts to supplement medical education.

Globally, an increasing recognition of the importance of ecosystem-based management (EBM), Indigenous resource management (IRM), and Indigenous-led research and management is emerging; yet, case studies within scholarly literature illustrating comprehensive application of these theories and philosophies are scarce. We present the collaborative management model for the Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) as a contemporary Indigenous Community and Conserved Area (ICCA) that has synergistically operationalized these principles, as well as one that approaches research as a reciprocal collaboration with the Indigenous people and local community (IPLC) of place. The Heʻeia NERR was designated in 2017 through a process led by IPLC members in Hawaiʻi. This research framework is aimed at informing EBM within social-ecological systems. It, therefore, serves as an example of a program designed to demonstrate and provide practical solutions for adaptive resource management. The framework of the Heʻeia NERR embraces the values, perspectives, and IRM strategies that have been foundational for the people of the Pacific to thrive sustainably in the context of limited resources for millennia. As a program, the Heʻeia NERR aims to build bridges between coexisting worldviews as a means of informing policy in the realms of conservation and sustainability. We do this by weaving together conventional and Indigenous science to collaboratively develop research and collaboratively produce new knowledge. We examine these issues through the lens of holistic ecosystem services that consider both the reciprocal benefits that humans provide to nature as well as the full range of existential benefits that humans gain from nature. Research collaborations between the Heʻeia NERR and its partners (University of Hawaiʻi, state and federal agencies, and Indigenous-led NGOs operating in the community) are grounded in Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) with applications that will guide a future of enhanced ecosystem services in a changing world.

Here, we expand on the term "ecomimicry" to be an umbrella concept for an approach to adaptive ecosystem-based management of social-ecological systems that simultaneously optimizes multiple ecosystem services for the benefit of people and place. In this context, we define ecomimicry as a strategy for developing and managing cultural landscapes, built upon a deep understanding of the structure and function of ecosystems, that harnesses ecosystem processes for the purpose of balancing and sustaining key ecosystem services, rather than maximizing one service (e.g., food production) to the detriment of others. Ecomimicry arises through novel, place-based innovations or is adopted from elsewhere and adapted to local conditions. Similarly, precontact Hawaiian social-ecological systems integrated a variety of ecomimicry schema to engender a complex system of adaptive resource management that enhanced biocultural diversity and supported resilient food systems, ultimately sustaining a thriving human population. In addition to presenting a synopsis of how ecomimicry was employed in the design and management of Hawaiian social-ecological systems, we identify and characterize specific ecomimicry applications. Within this context, we explore a revival of ecomimicry for biological conservation, biocultural restoration, resilience, and food security. We conclude with a discussion of how revitalizing such an approach in the restoration of social-ecological systems may address issues of conservation and sustainability in the Anthropocene.

The individual contribution of natural disturbances, localized stressors, and environmental regimes upon longer-term reef dynamics remains poorly resolved for many locales despite its significance for management. This study examined coral reefs in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands across a 12-year period that included elevated Crown-of-Thorns Starfish densities (COTS) and tropical storms that were drivers of spatially-inconsistent disturbance and recovery patterns. At the island scale, disturbance impacts were highest on Saipan with reduced fish sizes, grazing urchins, and water quality, despite having a more favorable geological foundation for coral growth compared with Rota. However, individual drivers of reef dynamics were better quantified through site-level investigations that built upon island generalizations. While COTS densities were the strongest predictors of coral decline as expected, interactive terms that included wave exposure and size of the overall fish assemblages improved models (R2 and AIC values). Both wave exposure and fish size diminished disturbance impacts and had negative associations with COTS. However, contrasting findings emerged when examining net ecological change across the 12-year period. Wave exposure had a ubiquitous, positive influence upon the net change in favorable benthic substrates (i.e. corals and other heavily calcifying substrates, R2 = 0.17 for all reeftypes grouped), yet including interactive terms for herbivore size and grazing urchin densities, as well as stratifying by major reeftypes, substantially improved models (R2 = 0.21 to 0.89, lower AIC scores). Net changes in coral assemblages (i.e., coral ordination scores) were more sensitive to herbivore size or the water quality proxy acting independently (R2 = 0.28 to 0.44). We conclude that COTS densities were the strongest drivers of coral decline, however, net ecological change was most influenced by localized stressors, especially herbivore sizes and grazing urchin densities. Interestingly, fish size, rather than biomass, was consistently a better predictor, supporting allometric, size-and-function relationships of fish assemblages. Management implications are discussed.

The individual contribution of natural disturbances, localized stressors, and environmental regimes upon longer-term reef dynamics remains poorly resolved for many locales despite its significance for management. This study examined coral reefs in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands across a 12-year period that included elevated Crown-of-Thorns Starfish densities (COTS) and tropical storms that were drivers of spatially-inconsistent disturbance and recovery patterns. At the island scale, disturbance impacts were highest on Saipan with reduced fish sizes, grazing urchins, and water quality, despite having a more favorable geological foundation for coral growth compared with Rota. However, individual drivers of reef dynamics were better quantified through site-level investigations that built upon island generalizations. While COTS densities were the strongest predictors of coral decline as expected, interactive terms that included wave exposure and size of the overall fish assemblages improved models (R2 and AIC values). Both wave exposure and fish size diminished disturbance impacts and had negative associations with COTS. However, contrasting findings emerged when examining net ecological change across the 12-year period. Wave exposure had a ubiquitous, positive influence upon the net change in favorable benthic substrates (i.e. corals and other heavily calcifying substrates, R2 = 0.17 for all reeftypes grouped), yet including interactive terms for herbivore size and grazing urchin densities, as well as stratifying by major reeftypes, substantially improved models (R2 = 0.21 to 0.89, lower AIC scores). Net changes in coral assemblages (i.e., coral ordination scores) were more sensitive to herbivore size or the water quality proxy acting independently (R2 = 0.28 to 0.44). We conclude that COTS densities were the strongest drivers of coral decline, however, net ecological change was most influenced by localized stressors, especially herbivore sizes and grazing urchin densities. Interestingly, fish size, rather than biomass, was consistently a better predictor, supporting allometric, size-and-function relationships of fish assemblages. Management implications are discussed.

Satellite monitoring of thermal stress on coral reefs has become an essential component of reef management practice around the world. A recent development by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Coral Reef Watch (NOAA CRW) program provides daily global monitoring at 5 km resolution—at or near the scale of most coral reefs. In this paper, we introduce two new monitoring products in the CRW Decision Support System for coral reef management: Regional Virtual Stations, a regional synthesis of thermal stress conditions, and Seven-day Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Trend, describing recent changes in temperature at each location. We describe how these products provided information in support of management activities prior to, during and after the 2014 thermal stress event in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Using in situ survey data from this event, we undertake the first quantitative comparison between 5 km satellite monitoring products and coral bleaching observations. Analysis of coral community characteristics, historical temperature conditions and thermal stress revealed a strong influence of coral biodiversity in the patterns of observed bleaching. This resulted in a model based on thermal stress and generic richness that explained 97% of the variance in observed bleaching. These findings illustrate the importance of using local benthic characteristics to interpret the level of impact from thermal stress exposure. In an era of continuing climate change, accurate monitoring of thermal stress and prediction of coral bleaching are essential for stakeholders to direct resources to the most effective management actions to conserve coral reefs.