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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, accounting for 1.8 million fatalities in 2020. Genetic mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, transcription factors, mutations in tumor suppressor genes, and mutations in oncogenes have all been associated with an increased risk of LC development. Heterogeneity of the disease, resistance to chemotherapy, and side effects such as nausea and vomiting, fatigue, anemia, neuropathy, hair loss, and skin and nail changes are associated with conventional therapeutics such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. Thus, the treatment of the disease urgently requires the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches. This review identifies and discusses key molecular and genetic targets for LC therapy, highlighting recent advancements and potential clinical applications. Our efforts encompass all biological targets and aim to increase our understanding of these processes to better comprehend the disease's molecular mechanisms and develop new drugs and more effective LC treatments.

Introduction: Healthcare in China has historically relied on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which has had far-reaching effects on healthcare systems in neighboring nations. TCM has generated anticancer herbal medications. Cancer clinical trials have also examined herbal remedies. Methodology: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar were among the online databases that were searched. Consequently, this review set out to compile a synopsis of the documented phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the selected plant species. This literature review sought to illuminate TCMadjuvant cancer therapeutic role. New research reveals herbal medicines may inhibit cancer cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, and death. Results: This review aimed to summarise herbs and their TCM processes for chemoprevention and treatment. TCM treatments that target cancer stem cells and alter the tumor microenvironment have also been studied. This review will underpin traditional Chinese medicine cancer therapy research. Discussion: The bioactive chemicals in these herbs have been shown in clinical trials to have a wide range of cancer-fighting properties, with few side effects and a marked improvement in patient's quality of life. Conclusion: Given these benefits, it's clear that incorporating Chinese medicines into cancer care could be a significant step towards a more effective and comprehensive approach to treating the disease.

Abstract Development of ceftriaxone loaded nanostructured lipid carriers to increase permeability of ceftriaxone across uninflamed meninges after parenteral administration. Lipids were selected by theoretical and experimental techniques and optimization of NLCs done by response surface methodology using Box-Behnken design. The Δδt for glyceryl monostearate and Capryol90 were 4.39 and 2.92 respectively. The drug had maximum solubility of 0.175% (w/w) in glycerol monostearate and 2.56g of Capryol90 dissolved 10mg of drug. The binary mixture consisted of glyceryl monostearate and Capryol90 in a ratio of 70:30. The optimized NLCs particle size was 130.54nm, polydispersity index 0.28, % entrapment efficiency 44.32%, zeta potential -29.05mV, and % drug loading 8.10%. In vitro permeability of ceftriaxone loaded NLCs was 5.06x10-6 cm/s; evidently, the NLCs pervaded through uninflamed meninges, which, was further confirmed from in vivo biodistribution studies. The ratio of drug concentration between brain and plasma for ceftriaxone loaded NLCs was 0.29 and that for ceftriaxone solution was 0.02. With 44.32% entrapment of the drug in NLCs the biodistribution of ceftriaxone was enhanced 7.9 times compared with that of ceftriaxone solution. DSC and XRD studies revealed formation of imperfect crystalline NLCs. NLCs improved permeability of ceftriaxone through uninflamed meninges resulting in better management of CNS infections.

Background : The vaiśvānaracūrṇa is an Ayurvedic formulation which finds its mention in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India. There are five natural ingredients in this preparation. Rheumatoid arthritis and other medical complications are treated with it. The cūrṇa formulations are challenging to dose precisely, and patient compliance is generally low. Aim: The study was designed to formulate and standardize of vaiśvānaracūrṇa tablet to improve patient compliance. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out to characterize the coated tablet preparation of vaiśvānaracūrṇa, a multiherbal formulation on the basis of pharmacognostic, physichochemical, microbiological, pharmaceutical, spectroscopic, and chromatographic parameters to identify the quality and purity of the tablets. Results: The selected tablet formulation (F5) was found within the limits of all pharmacopoeial parameters. Conclusion: The methods presented in this study can be used for production of this formulation at large scale to get better results in terms of quality, safety, and better therapeutic efficacy.

Gallic acid (3, 4, 5-trihydroxy benzoic acid), an important organic acid for synthesis of propyl gallate and trimethoprim, was produced by solid-liquid fermentation using Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 21498. Evolutionary operation (EVOP)-factorial design and response surface methodology was applied successfully to elucidate the effect of different process parameters influencing biotransformation of natural tannin (powdered chebulic myrobalan fruit) to gallic acid. At 28OC, 70% relative humidity, pH 6, 72h of fermentation period, 3ml inoculum volume and 25g substrate weight resulted maximum gallic acid yield of 93.29%.

Purpose : To optimize and produce gallic acid by biotransformation of plant tannin under solid-liquid fermentation. Materials and Methods : Optimization of different process parameters like temperature, relative humidity, pH of the liquid medium, fermentation period, volume of inoculum weight of substrate influencing gallic acid production from plant tannin were carried out by EVOP factorial method. Results : Maximum gallic acid yield of 93.29% was produced at 28ΊC, 70% relative humidity, pH 6, a 72-hour fermentation period, 3 ml inoculum volume, and 25 g substrate weight, from plant tannin under solid-liquid fermentation. Conclusion : Gallic acid (3, 4, 5-trihydroxy benzoic acid), an important organic acid for synthesis of propyl gallate and trimethoprim, was produced by solid-liquid fermentation using Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 21498. Combination of Evolutionary operation, factorial design, and response surface methodology was applied successfully to elucidate the effect of different process parameters influencing biotransformation of natural tannin (powdered chebulic myrobalan fruit) to gallic acid.

The amide derivatives of cinnamic acid were synthesized and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were investigated. The investigation of antimicrobial potentials of the compounds demonstrated a strong activity against 21 bacterial strains comprising Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Compounds 2a, 2b, and 3b showed strong antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms with the pMIC value ranging from 2.45 to 3.68. Compounds 2a, 3a, and 3b demonstrated strong antioxidant activity with % inhibition of the DPPH radical of 51% (±1.14), 41% (±1.01), and 50% (±1.23), respectively. These findings indicate that the amide derivatives of the cinnamic acid possess strong antibacterial and antioxidant activities.