Search

In an effort to increase multicultural competence, professional counselors in the United States analyzed archival data from high school students from Seoul, South Korea. A sample of all female (N = 577) high school students responded to survey questions related to stress and coping. Results demonstrated statistical significance in levels of stress between grade levels, and the relationship between stress and coping. Results suggest the need for continued development of professional school counseling programs in South Korea high schools for student wellness.

There are a significant number of songs with a 'broken motif ', that they are seen as their own category or type of song. But to what extent is the idea of two young people splitting an object and keeping half each, seen as declaration of their undying love? And to what extent are the practical means of recognition after a period of separation, in a world preceding the camera and lacking (for most) even a portrait of one's nearest and dearest? Since the advent of advanced software coupled with heightened security at airports and the use of CCTV in crime work, much research has been done and continues to be done on facial (and body) recognition by machines. Comparatively little has been done on the ability, or lack, of humans to recognise even those who were previously close to them after the passing of medium to long periods of time. The present study was ignited by an event in my own family within the current millennium, where upon arrival at their doorstep a son was not recognised by his parents after a space of around 10 years (in the former's middle age). To what extent is this extreme? Is it possible that the relatively large number of 'broken token' folksongs suggests evidence that loss/lack of recognition of others once romantically closely engaged with was a 'common' or 'usual' phenomenon, or is it maybe just a great theme for a story? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Air travel has been linked with the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) since the 1950s with a number of plausible explanations put forward for causation. No systematic review of the literature exploring this association has previously been published. Methods A comprehensive search was undertaken (Data bases searched were: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) for studies that estimated both the incidence and the risk of DVT in air travellers relative to non-air travellers. Results In total 254 studies were identified but only six incidence studies and four risk studies met inclusion criteria justifying their use in a systematic review. Incidence of symptomatic DVT ranged from (0%) in one study to (0.28%) which was reported in pilots over ten years. The incidence of asymptomatic DVT ranged from (0%) to (10.34%). Pooled odds ratios for the two case control studies examining the risk of DVT following air travel were 1.11 (95% CI: 0.64–1.94). Pooled odds ratios for all models of travel including two studies of prolonged air travel (more than three hours) were 1.70 (95% CI: 0.89–3.22). Conclusion We found no definitive evidence that prolonged (more than 3-hours) travel including air travel, increases the risk of DVT. There is evidence to suggest that flights of eight hours or more increase the risk of DVT if additional risk factors exist.

Underwater hearing thresholds were measured at 100 Hz in trained spotted (Phoca largha) and ringed seals (Pusa hispida) before and immediately following voluntary exposure to impulsive noise from a seismic air gun. Auditory responses were determined from psychoacoustic data and behavioral responses were scored from video recordings. Four successive exposure conditions of increasing level were tested, with received unweighted sound exposure levels from 165 to 181 dB re 1 μPa2 s and peak-to-peak sound pressures from 190 to 207 dB re 1 μPa. There was no evidence that these single seismic exposures altered hearing-including in the highest exposure condition, which matched previous predictions of temporary threshold shift (TTS) onset. Following training at low exposure levels, relatively mild behavioral responses were observed for higher exposure levels. This demonstrates that individuals can learn to tolerate loud, impulsive sounds, but does not necessarily imply that similar sounds would not elicit stronger behavioral responses in wild seals. The absence of observed TTS confirms that regulatory guidelines (based on M-weighting) for single impulse noise exposures are conservative for seals. However, additional studies using multiple impulses and/or higher exposure levels are needed to quantify exposure conditions that do produce measurable changes in hearing sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human capacity for entraining movement to external rhythms--i.e., beat keeping--is ubiquitous, but its evolutionary history and neural underpinnings remain a mystery. Recent findings of entrainment to simple and complex rhythms in non-human animals pave the way for a novel comparative approach to assess the origins and mechanisms of rhythmic behavior. The most reliable non-human beat keeper to date is a California sea lion, Ronan, who was trained to match head movements to isochronous repeating stimuli and showed spontaneous generalization of this ability to novel tempos and to the complex rhythms of music. Does Ronan's performance rely on the same neural mechanisms as human rhythmic behavior? In the current study, we presented Ronan with simple rhythmic stimuli at novel tempos. On some trials, we introduced "perturbations," altering either tempo or phase in the middle of a presentation. Ronan quickly adjusted her behavior following all perturbations, recovering her consistent phase and tempo relationships to the stimulus within a few beats. Ronan's performance was consistent with predictions of mathematical models describing coupled oscillation: a model relying solely on phase coupling strongly matched her behavior, and the model was further improved with the addition of period coupling. These findings are the clearest evidence yet for parity in human and non-human beat keeping and support the view that the human ability to perceive and move in time to rhythm may be rooted in broadly conserved neural mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a confocal fluorescence microlaparoscope for in vivo detection of ovarian cancer. Methods/Materials: Seventy-one patients scheduled for open or laparoscopic oophorectomy were consented for the imaging study. High-resolution confocal microlaparoscopic images of the epithelial surface of the ovarywere acquired in vivo or ex vivo after tissue staining using acridine orange. Standard histologic evaluation of extracted tissue sampleswas performed and used as the gold standard of disease diagnosis. Trained human observers from different specialties viewed themicrolaparoscopic images, rating each image on a 6-point scale ranging from "definitely not cancer" to "definitely cancer." Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated using these scores and the gold standard histopathologic diagnosis. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated as a performance metric. Results: Forty-five of the consented patients were used in the final evaluation study. From these 45 patients, 63 tissue locations or samples were identified and imaged with the confocal microlaparoscope. Twenty of the samples were high-grade cancers, and the remaining 43 samples were normal or noncancerous. Twenty-three of the samples were imaged in vivo, and the remaining 40 samples were imaged ex vivo. The average AUC score and standard error (SE) for detection of cancer in all images were 0.88 and 0.02, respectively. An independent-samples t test was conducted to compare AUC scores for in vivo and ex vivo conditions. No statistically significant difference in the AUC score for in vivo (AUC, 0.850; SE, 0.049) and ex vivo (AUC, 0.888; SE, 0.027) conditions was observed, t(6) = 1.318, P = 0.2355. Conclusions: Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve scores indicate that high-resolution in vivo images obtained by the confocal laparoscope can distinguish between normal and malignant ovarian surface epithelium. In addition, in vivo performance is similar to that which can be obtained from ex vivo tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]