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This article aims to argues the urgency of good faith principle implementation in the Indonesian bankruptcy regime. The problem is focused on describing several flaws in the Indonesian bankruptcy law related to the good faith principle, several example bankruptcy abuse cases in Indonesia. Furthermore, this study also aims to propose notions to minimalize Indonesian bankruptcy regime abuse in the future. In order to approach this problem, the normative legal research method is used. The data is collected through library research and analyzed qualitatively. The study concludes that several flaws in Indonesian bankruptcy law related to the good faith principle, such as excessively modest bankruptcy petition requirements, lack of governmental supervision in the bankruptcy process, and severe punishment for the bankruptcy fraudsters. In the future, the Indonesian bankruptcy regime is expected to implement an insolvency test, improve the role of the Property and Heritage Agency, and strictly punish bankruptcy fraudsters for minimalizing bankruptcy abuse by bad faith parties.

The Indonesian bankruptcy regime tends to be harsh to the debtors, especially the individual debtors. In contrast, the creditors possess the right to pursue the debtor’s outstanding debts even after the bankruptcy process. For that reason, this article aims to argue why it is rational for the Indonesian government to implement a debt discharge policy in the Indonesian bankruptcy regime. This article employs a normative research method, using a conceptual and comparative approach. The result of this study is based on the debtor cooperation theory and the humanitarian theory of debt discharge. Hence, it is rational for the Indonesian government to implement a debt discharge policy for individual debtors. The first and second Sila of Pancasila is also in line with these theories. Consequently, as a member of society, the individual debtor should be treated with dignity and humane values, which includes debt forgiveness. Nevertheless, not every debtor is deserves to be discharged from his debts. Therefore, it is rational for the Indonesian government to implement the debt discharge policy in the amendment of Indonesian bankruptcy law to protect the honest but unfortunate individual debtors.

Neste texto é apresentado o resultado de uma análise de dois artigos, um escrito por Maria do Carmo Domite Mendonça em coautoria de Marcelo Lellis e outro apenas da autoria de Maria do Carmo Domite Mendonça. O objetivo foi de caracterizar o entendimento de Maria do Carmo Domite Mendonça sobre cálculo mental e atividades mentais e, a partir dessa caracterização, verificar se esses conceitos poderiam ser considerados como saberes a ensinar ou saberes para ensinar. Para atingir tal intento a análise foi norteada por questionamentos do tipo: Quais as finalidades do cálculo mental sistematizado por Maria do Carmo Domite Mendonça e Marcelo Lellis? O que, na concepção da autora, era a atividade mental? Será que existia alguma relação entre cálculo mental e atividade mental? Como fundamentação teórica foi utilizado o entendimento de Borer (2017) e Hofstetter e Schneuwly (2017). A análise realizada permite apontar que o cálculo mental tinha como finalidade desenvolver o raciocínio do aluno e torná-lo autônomo no processo de ensino-aprendizagem constituindo-se assim, para além de um saber que deveria ser ensinado, uma ferramenta de ensino, um saber para ensinar. Já a atividade mental consistia em elemento estruturante de uma concepção de ensino que visava substituir a aprendizagem por meio da exposição por uma aprendizagem em que o objetivo é a sua construção.

Bahasa adalah sistem simbolik dari suara acak, yang digunakan oleh orang untuk berkomunikasi. Mandarin berada di peringkat pertama bahasa yang paling banyak digunakan menurut survei Nationalencyklopedin, dan Mandarin menggunakan huruf yang disebut Hanzi. Manusia memiliki berbagai cara berkomunikasi, salah satunya dengan menulis. Perangkat lunak ini dapat mengenali tulisan melalui gambar dengan menerapkan Pemrosesan Gambar Digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun aplikasi yang dapat mendeteksi Hanzi Mandarin dengan menerapkan Digital Image Processing. Digital Image Processing mengacu pada pemrosesan gambar dua dimensi menggunakan komputer. Metode pemrosesan gambar dengan Stroke Extraction dan Template Mathcing diterapkan solusi untuk masalah ini. Stroke Extraction digunakan untuk melakukan ekstraksi stroke dasar (pi hua) pada gambar Mandarin Hanzi dan kemudian mengenalinya menggunakan Template Mathcing. Aplikasi diuji dengan Receiver Operating Characteristic sehingga kurva yang dapat membantu proses analisis dapat ditarik. Berdasarkan hasil kurva ROC yang dijelaskan, metode Stroke Extraction masih membutuhkan pengembangan karena tingkat keberhasilan yang rendah dalam menghitung sejumlah stroke. Aplikasi yang dibangun berhasil mengekstraksi Mandarin Hanzi baik tulisan tangan dan dicetak dan diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan akurasi 76,47%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode Stroke Extraction dan Template Matching cukup efisien dalam mengolah gambar digital Mandarin Hanzi untuk diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia.

O objetivo deste estudo é entender a dinâmica do sistema de médias e grandes propriedades rurais em Cotriguaçu, Mato Grosso, e discutir sua resiliência como um sistema socioecológico complexo. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise do histórico do sistema focal, a caracterização de atributos, variáveis-chave e fatores desencadeantes, análise de sua panarquia envolvendo sistemas em outras escalas, e o desenvolvimento de cenários futuros. A metodologia envolveu levantamentos participativos, entrevistas e avaliação por especialistas. A conclusão e discussão final do estudo focaram na análise da resiliência do sistema e na aplicabilidade da ferramenta de avaliação da resiliência para pesquisa e gestão socioambiental na Amazônia. Entre outros aspectos, a discussão ressalta a importância do desenvolvimento de políticas públicas e gestão com foco em uma abordagem adaptativa e não em soluções que fatalmente serão temporárias e sujeitas a mudanças e problemas futuros.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between IL-8, NLR, and CRP in COVID-19 patients with DM comorbidity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Integrated Infectious Disease Installation of Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang Hospital from June to November 2021 using consecutive sampling. IL-8 was measured using the ELISA method with Legendmax® Human IL-8. NLR was measured using flow cytometry, while CRP was measured using the immunoturbidimetric method with Cobas C6000®. Patient outcomes were obtained from medical records. Results: A total of 124 research subjects participated in the study. IL-8 and CRP levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in COVID-19 patients with DM comorbidity, and were also significantly higher (p < 0.05) in non-surviving COVID-19 patients. Overall, there was a positive correlation between IL-8 and CRP (r = 0.58, p < 0.05). There was also a positive correlation between IL-8 (r = 0.58; p < 0.05), NLR (r = 0.45, p < 0.05), CRP (r = 0.54, p < 0.05) and mortality in COVID-19 patients with DM comorbidity. The presence of DM comorbidity increased IL-8 levels and aggravated inflammation in COVID-19 patients, thereby increasing the risk of mortality. Conclusion: IL-8, CRP and NLR levels were higher in non-surviving COVID-19 patients with DM comorbidity, indicating that they could serve as good predictors of poor outcomes in this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superhydrophobic (SH) property is a naturally occurring phenomenon that has a wide range of potential applications such as antiicing, anticorrosion, electrowetting, blood typing, and so forth, and therefore, inspires the researchers to mimic them over artificial surfaces to achieve desired properties. Low surface energy and suitable surface roughness are the two key factors that play a vital role in developing SH surfaces. Hence, when the target substrate is introduced with suitable roughness and consequently functionalized with low surface energy, SH can be incorporated. Owing to the SH's wide range of inherent properties such as stain‐resistant, self‐cleaning, flame retardant, oil/water separation, and so forth as well as tunable functionalities such as electrical conductivity, photocatalytic activity, UV‐protection, and so forth, the development of SH fabrics has gained a lot of research attention in recent years. In this context, the present review focuses on the different applications of SH fabrics and their recent research progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reductions in quality and quantity of marketable mango fruits due to fruit fl y infestation have impact on farmers through revenue losses. The study identified the common fruit flies on mango plantation; assessed the control measures of fruit flies' infestation; among others. Interviewers administered questionnaire was used to elicit information from 200 mango farmers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The results revealed that majority of the respondents were male (55.5%), had non-formal education (47.5%), with mean age of 60 years, mean household size of 4 members and years of farming experience was 20 years. The study further revealed that marula fruit fly (92.5%) was ranked first. Hand picking of falling mango (94.0%) was identified as the most prominent control measure. The respondents perceived fruit flies as causing premature dropping of fruits (62.0%) as the major effect of fruit flies on mango. The result further revealed that at p<0.05, age (r=0.267), household size (r=-0.297) and years of experience (r=-0.158) were significant to farmers' perception on the effect of fruit flies infestation. The study concluded that fruit flies infestation affect mango farmers in several ways. The study therefore, recommended that extension training in orchard management should be organized for the mango farmers especially regarding fruit fly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the commonest cancer worldwide. BCC is locally invasive and the surrounding stromal microenvironment is pivotal for tumourigenesis. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the microenvironment are essential for tumour growth in a variety of neoplasms but their role in BCC is poorly understood.Methods: Material included facial BCC and control skin from the peritumoural area and from the buttocks. With next-generation sequencing (NGS) we compared mRNA expression between BCC and peritumoural skin. qRT-PCR, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining were performed to validate the NGS results and to investigate CAF-related cyto-and chemokines.Results: NGS revealed upregulation of 65 genes in BCC coding for extracellular matrix components pointing at CAF-related matrix remodeling. qRT-PCR showed increased mRNA expression of CAF markers FAP-α, PDGFR-β and prolyl-4-hydroxylase in BCC. Peritumoural skin (but not buttock skin) also exhibited high expression of PDGFR-β and prolyl-4-hydroxylase but not FAP-α. We found a similar pattern for the CAF-associated chemokines CCL17, CCL18, CCL22, CCL25, CXCL12 and IL6 with high expression in BCC and peritumoural skin but absence in buttock skin. Immunofluorescence revealed correlation between FAP-α and PDGFR-β and CXCL12 and CCL17.Conclusion: Matrix remodeling is the most prominent molecular feature of BCC. CAFs are present within BCC stroma and associated with increased expression of chemokines involved in tumour progression and immunosuppression (CXCL12, CCL17). Fibroblasts from chronically sun-exposed skin near tumours show gene expression patterns resembling that of CAFs, indicating that stromal fibroblasts in cancer-free surgical BCC margins exhibit a tumour promoting phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Converging neuroimaging research suggests altered emotion neurocircuitry in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Emotion activation studies in these individuals have shown hyperactivation in emotion-related regions, including the amygdala and insula, and hypoactivation in emotion-regulation regions, including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, few studies have examined patterns of connectivity at rest in individuals with PTSD, a potentially powerful method for illuminating brain network structure. Methods: Using the amygdala as a seed region, we measured resting-state brain connectivity using 3 T functional magnetic resonance imaging in returning male veterans with PTSD and combat controls without PTSD. Results: Fifteen veterans with PTSD and 14 combat controls enrolled in our study. Compared with controls, veterans with PTSD showed greater positive connectivity between the amygdala and insula, reduced positive connectivity between the amygdala and hippocampus, and reduced anticorrelation between the amygdala and dorsal ACC and rostral ACC. Limitations: Only male veterans with combat exposure were tested, thus our findings cannot be generalized to women or to individuals with non-combat related PTSD. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that studies of functional connectivity during resting state can discern aberrant patterns of coupling within emotion circuits and suggest a possible brain basis for emotion-processing and emotion-regulation deficits in individuals with PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on conferences, organized by the World Bank's Economic Development Institute and the Panafrican Institute for Development, on decentralization policies and socio-economic development in sub-Saharan Africa, in July and October 1989 in Douala, Cameroon. Institutional framework for ensuring the formulation, implementation and follow-up of planned decentralization policies; Financial aspects of decentralization; Role of foreign aid in implementing decentralization policies.