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The article focuses on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit's interpretation of the U.S. Mental Health Parity Act (Parity Act), regarding the specific needs of mental health patients and their treatment rights. It discusses the Ninth Circuit Court's decision in Harlick v. Blue Shield of California, in which plaintiff California-based anorexia patient Jeanene Harlick was denied for necessary treatment. It discusses laws governing the U.S. health care system.

Advances in neuroscience have implications for criminal law as well as civil and regulatory law, including health, disability, and benefit law. The role of the behavioral and brain sciences in health insurance claims, the mental health parity debate, and disability proceedings is examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the lawsuits filed against firearm manufacturers, dealers and trade associations by 30 cities and counties in the U.S. A number of states have enacted laws that prohibit local governments from filing such suits as a response to the lawsuit filed by the cities and counties. Several states have enacted laws that prohibit local governments from filing such suits. It is noted that the problem of gun violence can be solved through a meaningful gun control legislation. Moreover, the power of the states to prevent cities from suing the gun industry is limited by constitutional prohibitions on retroactive laws.

Background: The prognostic importance of vascular invasion has not been extensively studied in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. Objective: To determine whether the presence of vascular invasion in papillary thyroid carcinoma, even within the thyroid gland, is associated with more aggressive disease at diagnosis and a higher incidence of tumor recurrence. Patients and Methods: We identified 410 patients who had been diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer since 1986 who had a follow-up period of longer than 1 year (median follow-up, 5.5 years). Pathology reports were reviewed and patients were separated into 3 groups: no vascular invasion, intrathyroidal vascular invasion, and extrathyroidal vascular invasion. Main Outcome Measures: Statistical comparison was performed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Patients with intrathyroidal vascular invasion were more likely to have distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis (26.1% vs 2.2%, P=.001). Similarly, patients with extrathyroidal vascular invasion had a higher incidence of distant metastases at diagnosis (40% vs 4.4%, P=.02). Patients with tumors identified to have intrathyroidal vascular invasion were more likely to develop distant recurrence (20% vs 3%, P=.002). Conclusions: These associations were found to be independent by multiple regression analysis. Patient age, sex, palpable or fixed lymph nodes, radiation exposure, and race did not differ between the patient group with and those without vascular invasion. Preliminary analysis of our data suggests that the presence of vascular invasion in papillary thyroid carcinoma, even within the thyroid gland, is associated with more aggressive disease at diagnosis and with a higher incidence of tumor recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnographic work in the Bahama Islands has been carried out for nearly a century with an early focus on folklore and a later emphasis upon social organization. The present bibliography surveys and comments upon this literature for those with a burgeoning interest in the Bahamian archipelago. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In popular and professional discourse, debate about the right to keep and bear arms most often revolves around the Second Amendment. But that narrow reference ignores a vast and expansive [...]

ABSTRACT Debates about the meaning and scope of the Second Amendment have traditionally focused on whether it protects the keeping and bearing of arms for self-defense, prevention of tyranny, maintenance [...]