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Research on female same-sex relationships has predominantly considered a single partner's perspective on couple satisfaction, and has compared same-sex couples with heterosexual couples. Drawing upon Personal Construct Theory, this study explores how identification, acceptance, commonality and sociality (mutual understanding) between two female same-sex partners are associated with the couple's satisfaction. Forty Italian women involved in same-sex relationships completed the Partnership Questionnaire and 160 repertory grids involving the exchange grid method. A mixed-method analysis was conducted. Higher couple's satisfaction was associated with higher identification with the partner but not with higher commonality and sociality, partner acceptance was associated with higher scores in tenderness. Perceived similarity was higher than commonality and sociality, and partner's acceptance was higher than identification with her. Qualitative analysis heightened the centrality of the participants' experience when compared with the dominant prejudice with regard to homosexuality and the tension between autonomy and fusion. This study revealed the importance of identification and acceptance in terms of couple's satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn May 2021, four months after the fatal insurrection of the “Save America” rally at Capitol Hill, 420 supporters of Donald Trump participated in an online study. Although it was not possible to recruit specifically for those involved, a subsample reported being present and active in the insurrection (n = 38), with several involved in the storming of the Capitol Building (n = 28). Individuals’ construing was examined through the repertory grid technique, combined with measures of fusion to the group and willingness to undertake hypothetical extreme pro-group actions. Relatively low cognitive complexity was observed in those actually or hypothetically willing to be involved in the most extreme actions, suggesting that they were the least able to adapt to the world around them. A more positive and meaningful view of the self was developed on becoming a Trump supporter, and fellow Trump supporters were construed more positively than anti-Trump activists. Repertory grid and fusion scores were associated with both actual and hypothetical extreme action. Findings assist in the advancement of understanding why some individuals undertake extreme acts on behalf of a political leader, whilst others do not. With political environments becoming increasingly polarized around the globe, such knowledge is vital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The overvaluation of weight and shape is a diagnostic criterion in eating disorders, except in binge eating disorder (BED), where it has received less attention. This aspect is also not usually analyzed in people with overweight or obesity without an eating disorder. This research aims to identify the indicators of symptomatology, as well as those of self-construction and cognitive structure, that are associated with overvaluation in obesity, either alone or in conjunction with BED. Method: A sample of 102 overweight or obese participants was accessed. The sample was divided into four groups: one without overvaluation or BED (n = 33); a second with overvaluation and without BED (n = 21); a third with BED, but without overvaluation (n = 15), and a fourth with BED and overvaluation (n = 33). The groups completed instruments regarding eating symptomatology, anxiety, depression, and stress. In addition, they were administered the Repertory Grid Technique, a semi-structured interview to evaluate the cognitive structure involved in the construal of the self and others. Results: The factors of overvaluation and the presence of BED independently explained eating symptomatology, and the latter also showed a tendency to influence anxiety, depression, and stress. In terms of cognitive structure, weight polarization was explained by overvaluation, while BED was associated with a high presence of cognitive conflicts. In self-construction, BED was the factor that explained the differences, particularly in Self-Ideal discrepancy. Discussion: The results highlight the importance of overvaluation in obesity, even in the absence of BED. Its evaluation and treatment are recommended. Furthermore, in the case of BED, it is also advisable to evaluate the overvaluation of weight and shape since it can be a severity specifier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionThe overvaluation of weight and shape is a diagnostic criterion in eating disorders, except in binge eating disorder (BED), where it has received less attention. This aspect is also not usually analyzed in people with overweight or obesity without an eating disorder. This research aims to identify the indicators of symptomatology, as well as those of self-construction and cognitive structure, that are associated with overvaluation in obesity, either alone or in conjunction with BED.MethodA sample of 102 overweight or obese participants was accessed. The sample was divided into four groups: one without overvaluation or BED (n = 33); a second with overvaluation and without BED (n = 21); a third with BED, but without overvaluation (n = 15), and a fourth with BED and overvaluation (n = 33). The groups completed instruments regarding eating symptomatology, anxiety, depression, and stress. In addition, they were administered the Repertory Grid Technique, a semi-structured interview to evaluate the cognitive structure involved in the construal of the self and others.ResultsThe factors of overvaluation and the presence of BED independently explained eating symptomatology, and the latter also showed a tendency to influence anxiety, depression, and stress. In terms of cognitive structure, weight polarization was explained by overvaluation, while BED was associated with a high presence of cognitive conflicts. In self-construction, BED was the factor that explained the differences, particularly in Self-Ideal discrepancy.DiscussionThe results highlight the importance of overvaluation in obesity, even in the absence of BED. Its evaluation and treatment are recommended. Furthermore, in the case of BED, it is also advisable to evaluate the overvaluation of weight and shape since it can be a severity specifier.

Copyright of Hellenic Journal of Research in Education / Ereuna Stīn Ekpaideusī is the property of Laboratory of Research in Pedagogy & Educational Practices and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigated classroom teachers' cognitive fictions on the concept of value. The sample consisted of 40 primary school classroom teachers using purposive sampling. The study adopted a qualitative phenomenological research design. Data were collected using a Repertory Grid Interview Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using content analysis. Four hundred cognitive fictions were developed and categorized into ten fundamental values theorized by Schwartz. The cognitive fictions were addressed based on participants' gender and training in values education. As a result classroom teachers considered the value groups "achievement", ''conformity'', "self-direction" the most important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sports Sciences Research / Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Sport Sciences Researches / Spor Bilimleri Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Paying attention to users' emotional desires and facilitating user-product interaction have become an essential component in design, production and marketing. User experience includes user’s perceptions and feedback while using or anticipating the use of products. Optimizing user experience can increase the satisfaction of users, motivate customers to buy products and, consequently, improve the competitive position of manufacturers in the market. Product designers need to carefully identify and evaluate user’s needs in different groups of products to create different features, semantic, sensory, and behavioral functions in the product and improve the perceived user experience of the product. So far, different methods have been proposed to collect users' opinions and demands regarding different types of products. Surveying and focusing on groups are the traditional methods in market research, which have their own strengths and weaknesses. There are some integrated solutions proposed to solve problems by these methods. Designers and manufacturers face an urgent need to use the different proposed methods to accurately extract demands of users in practical examples, so that they can understand these methods and their application in real projects. This research seeks to identify the needs of users and evaluate the user experience with some types of these products. Methodology: This research is based on a practical approach that applies the repertory grid technique to extract factors involved in user experience in everyday products for chopping onion. This technique is a semi-structured method to define different aspects of a phenomenon from the personal viewpoints of subjects by minimizing the possible biases of the researcher. Based on this, a case study of that technique is conducted to extract the factors involved in the user experience in everyday onion chopping tools. The implementation of the technique has three main stages including element selection, construct extraction, and identifying element relationship to constructs by using content analysis. For this purpose, by interviewing 20 users of onion chopping tools, a conceptual model was presented on the factors affecting user satisfaction in this category of products. The reason for choosing the onion chopping tool was the daily use of these tools, and the target population consisted of 20 to 40-year-old female users who did daily cooking activities. Seven elements were arranged based on the subjects' suggestions for onion chopping tools. The interview was conducted in a kitchen with the presence of the mentioned onion chopping tools, and the subjects were allowed to do onion chopping by any of the tools they wished. To discover the constructs, the elements were provided to the subjects in the form of triple comparisons, and then an in-depth interview was conducted. Results and discussion: As many as 545 personal constructs were extracted in the initial stage. After the content analysis, they were reduced to 42 final constructs. The priority of the final constructs was extracted based on an online questionnaire, and the superiority of the elements was determined on the Likert scale. The obtained scores were entered and analyzed in the Idiogrid software version 2.4, and information was extracted in three stages including statistical information of structures, and statistical information of the elements and cognitive map of elements. Then, principal component analysis was done to understand the relationship between the structures and elements and their graphic expression showing the combination of the constructs and elements. In general, the range of the scores obtained in the structures was from 2.85 to 4.85, which has little dispersion according to the determined range (1 to 5). This result can indicate that the extracted structures have correctly identified the needs of users which are more or less important. Also, the results showed that the structures related to the safety criteria are the most important, and structures related to appearance and personal preferences of the subjects are the least important in this type of products. The results of the comparing the tools showed the strengths and weaknesses of each tool according to the extracted structures, the discovery of which will lead to the creation of new and optimized products. Conclusion: Since there are many dimensions in evaluating usercentric products, in order to achieve user’s satisfaction, it is necessary to pay attention to all of the effective items in user experience. The number and details of the structures obtained showed that the repertory grid technique can be used as a suitable solution for extracting the demands of users about different products. By using multiple comparisons, this method, brings up various cases in the minds of users, which are not expressed in traditional interview methods. Also, comparing the users of different products creates a situation that can include a wider range of user demands. This is the strong point of this method in comparison with the focus group method because, to uncover underlying hidden needs, approaching unusual or off-target users can provide an opportunity for product development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interpersonal perceptions have an impact on the quality of couple relationships but we want to examine the putative moderating role of gender considering personal meanings as the target of perception. We employed the Couple's Grid to measure interpersonal perception based on personal constructs and the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model (pooled regression) to analyze the mutual effects of partners' observations. We explore the dyadic effects of seven variables of interpersonal perception on relationship quality in a sample of 26 Spanish opposite‐sex couples. Idealization of the partner was associated with one's own and partner's relationship quality (actor and partner effects), while being accurate in the perception of the partner's self‐image was positively related to men's relationship quality but negatively related to women's (actor effects). The findings stimulate the existing debate regarding the benefits of being accurate or biased in a relationship and the need to take into account gender differences for guiding therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Psicoterapia is the property of Revista de Psiquiatria y Psicologia Humanista, S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IntroductionComplex systems are prevalent in many scientific and engineering disciplines, which makes system thinking important for students of these fields. Duchifat 3 is a unique engineering educational extracurricular program, where high school students designed, assembled, and tested a nano-satellite.MethodsThis study applied qualitative methods to explore how the participants’ systems-thinking developed during the program. Participants were interviewed using the repertory grid interview, and a semi structured interview at the beginning and at the end of the project, while various observations were conducted throughout.ResultsWhile the participants were initially assigned narrow roles, each dealing with a single sub-system of the satellite, some chose to be involved with other sub-systems and aspects of the project. Our findings show that the broader the participants’ involvement was, the greater the progress they experienced in their systems-thinking. Participants who stayed focused on a single subsystem did not show progress, while participants who involved themselves with several sub-systems exhibited a more meaningful progress.DiscussionAlthough the program design aimed to assign students to a narrow role to enable them to achieve the educational goals, from the perspective of systems-thinking this was counterproductive. These findings shed light on the design of engineering programs such as the one examined here in terms of systems-thinking development. We discuss the implications of the findings for similar programs and make suggestions for improvement.

This is an observational exploratory study assessing self-concept and its association with depression, anxiety, satisfaction with life, and quality of life 6 months after experiencing a traumatic brain injury. Participants were 33 patients who suffered a traumatic brain injury 6 months before the assessment. The measures used in this study were the Repertory Grid Technique, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Satisfaction With Life Scale, and the Quality of Life after Brain Injury. We calculated Euclidean distances to assess differences in pre-and post-injury self-perception, as well as the proportion of opposed pole construct rating and polarization to understand how they are associated with the scores of the other offered measures. We found that the distance between the present and ideal self, as well as the distance between the present self and the self before the lesion showed moderate positive correlations with depression, and negative correlations with satisfaction with life and quality of life. Also, for the present and self before the lesion, the proportion of opposed pole ratings was correlated with depression symptoms, quality, and satisfaction with life, while for the present self and the ideal self this proportion was correlated with all the measures. The proportion of polarization of the present self and the total polarization was negatively correlated with symptom measures. The repertory grid might facilitate a greater understanding of self-concept after traumatic brain injury. This information could be used to guide treatments that address the emotions related to distances observed in the perception of the self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate perceptions of the students enrolled in the Department of Translation and Interpreting in relation to what makes an effective foreign language learner and explore the changes in these perceptions, if any, over a 3-year period. The participants were enrolled in prep year, first-year, and second-year at a state university located in southern Turkey. Data were collected from 12 students in the first year, 37 students in the second year, and 26 students in the third year of the study. The Repertory Grid Technique and interviews were utilized as data collection tools, which were administered on yearly basis over three years with a view to exploring the changes in students’ perceptions about what makes an effective foreign language learner during their education. Data were analyzed using Repertory Grid and content analysis methods. The results showed that students’ perceptions went through changes that indicated the washback effects of the exams as well as of the education in an English-major department.

This is an observational exploratory study assessing self-concept and its association with depression, anxiety, satisfaction with life, and quality of life 6 months after experiencing a traumatic brain injury. Participants were 33 patients who suffered a traumatic brain injury 6 months before the assessment. The measures used in this study were the Repertory Grid Technique, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Satisfaction With Life Scale, and the Quality of Life after Brain Injury. We calculated Euclidean distances to assess differences in pre-and post-injury self-perception, as well as the proportion of opposed pole construct rating and polarization to understand how they are associated with the scores of the other offered measures. We found that the distance between the present and ideal self, as well as the distance between the present self and the self before the lesion showed moderate positive correlations with depression, and negative correlations with satisfaction with life and quality of life. Also, for the present and self before the lesion, the proportion of opposed pole ratings was correlated with depression symptoms, quality, and satisfaction with life, while for the present self and the ideal self this proportion was correlated with all the measures. The proportion of polarization of the present self and the total polarization was negatively correlated with symptom measures. The repertory grid might facilitate a greater understanding of self-concept after traumatic brain injury. This information could be used to guide treatments that address the emotions related to distances observed in the perception of the self.

Lecture-free activities afford students with an engaging approach to knowledge acquisition and integration. When peppered throughout a course, experiential activities inject spontaneity, break up familiar patterns, and empower students to take responsibility of their learning. For an instructor, iteration is required to develop effective lecture-free engineering activities, necessitating thoughtful evaluation. The paper adopts Kelly's personal constructs theory, using repertory grid analysis to consider the effectiveness of six unordinary, lecture-free activities. Through a structured comparison of activities, 29 constructs were elicited with inherently subjective, dichotomous poles. The grid was populated ranking each activity between the poles of each construct such as directed learning or creative expression. Using a cluster analysis and descriptive statistics, various themes emerged revealing the author's preference, and connections between seemingly unrelated constructs such as how summative actives use the entire building whereas formative activities are in the classroom. Recommendations are made to generalize the tool to aid instructors in activity evaluation and development through understanding and challenging existing patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software engineers can use various techniques to elicit relevant information from stakeholders to specify the requirements that a software-intensive product must satisfy. However, few are aware of the differences and advantages they have from each other. This article presents an exploratory study of the vision that requirements engineers have on twelve requirements elicitation techniques. An empirical study has been carried out using two classification techniques: card sorting and repertory grid. The perceptions obtained with each technique were compared, showing that there are differences and coincidences in the visions captured by each technique. This study can help guide training objectives on software requirements and conduct future empirical studies that show the adequacy of each elicitation technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Pretexto is the property of Revista Pretexto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Democracy is subject to constant and seemingly interminable contestation in academic and policy contexts, and yet, empirically and methodologically robust analysis of what the term means in practice for actual citizens has remained an area of relative lacuna. Admittedly, large-N surveys have attempted to address this research gap by examining attitudes to numerous components of democracy, but without the fine-grained detail required to overcome simply reproducing the focus on liberal procedural, Western precedent-based, top-down approaches to understanding such a complex and varied political system. This article proposes a methodological approach, based on the requirements of comparative political theory and research into how people view democracy. This allows us to explore political attitudes and the meaning of democracy with a bottom-up approach using the methods of repertory grid and in-depth interviews. Singapore is a particularly exciting case for comparative political science: although it has all the advantageous conditions that, according to classic modernization theory, promote the development of democracy, it is still not a democracy. To what extent will the conceptualization of democracy by citizens in a country like Singapore resemble theoretical definitions, and how suitable do they consider democracy to be for Singapore? What are their expectations for a good government or regime? This article examines what highly educated Singaporeans, ranging in age from their twenties to their forties, think about democracy. In doing so, the article also pursues the goal of comparing methods between repertory grid interviews and in-depth interviews in order to work out potential interfaces, and points of connection, between the two methods to allow for the most productive research outcomes. We find that, conceptually, these Singaporeans' perceptions of democracy appeared very similar to what is usually discussed as electoral democracy in established literature. When evaluating the performance of a government or a regime, however, liberal ideas of freedom and fairness competed with more pragmatic approaches that reflect the principles of progress and success as well as community and performance-focused orientations. As a result, our respondents did not prioritize democratic practices as much as other aspects of governance like e'ciency. Our findings on the influence of state ideology on highly educated young people in Singapore strengthen the arguments of political myth as an integration and legitimization strategy in autocratic regimes and democratizing strong states or regimes with a particularly pronounced ideological hegemony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture plays an essential role in the success of product design, especially in the age of a global economy where there is a high probability of discrepancy between the designer's intention and the consumer's response. However, the role of culture is often challenging to identify and measure. In the current paper, we employed Repertory Grids to investigate differences in UK and Chinese participants' evaluations of designs, which were themselves from both UK and Chinese students. The techniques of Honey's Content Analysis and Principal Components Analysis were applied to integrate the analysis of both the collected qualitative and quantitative data. The results show that the two groups tended to focus on a similar range of design aspects (i.e. aesthetics, form/shape, usability, creativity, and functionality), but apply different criteria in evaluating such aspects.The UK and Chinese designs were found to be distinctive from each other and tended to appeal more to the people from the same cultural background. The findings reveal the interplay between culture and design and underline the importance of integrating culture into design education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents and illustrates Interpretive Clustering, an innovative and original method of qualitative analysis of Repertory Grid data. Repertory Grids are a popular and flexible method of research, but they have primarily been used to gather data that are analysed quantitatively. Although many researchers have used Grids more qualitatively, this is often limited to a content analysis of the elicited constructs across a sample of participants. Interpretive Clustering is a participant-led method which uses the grid data idiographically to explore how a participant's construing may 'cluster' around one or more issues. We show how this is quite different from a thematic analysis, and discuss how Interpretive Clustering can provide insights that are complementary to those gained from methods like thematic analysis. We conclude with suggestions for how this method, which we argue bridges the qualitative/quantitative divide, might be used in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses a study on the impact of political (EU-specific) knowledge on perceptions of the legitimacy of the European Union to demonstrate the potential of the repertory grid method in the social sciences. The first objective of the study is methodological. The aim is to test the added value of the repertory grid method for surveying attitudes toward contested concepts, such as legitimacy. To this end, the influence of political knowledge on the perception of the legitimacy of the European Union is surveyed with the help of repertory grid interviews. Second, possible research questions on the effect of political knowledge on perceptions of legitimacy are developed, using the results of the present repertory grid study as a guidepost in this still underdeveloped field of research. The data collected in this preliminary study provide evidence that the importance of democratic norms and values for the evaluation of the legitimacy of national and European institutions is increasing, but at the same time critique of the political system is also increasing and the perception of legitimacy is thus decreasing.

Brexit activists demonstrating outside the British Houses of Parliament were studied in situ to examine their potential for pro-group extreme behavior. This involved activists of two polarized, opposing views; those of Leave and Remain. The research engaged concepts linking the different theoretical perspectives of identity fusion and personal construct psychology. The study measured participants' degree of fusion to their group using a verbal measure. Willingness to undertake extreme acts was assessed in several ways: a measure of willingness to fight for the group, adaptations of the trolley dilemma and questions regarding political violence. Individual construing was examined using repertory grid technique and a semi-structured interview. Results were similar for both Leave and Remain participants. The majority of activists identified as "fused" to their group and, if so, were more likely to undertake hypothetical extreme behavior compared to those who did not identify as "fused." Repertory grid technique indicated that becoming an activist provided individuals with a clearer and more positive view of themselves. Opposition activists were construed more negatively and extremely than fellow activists, and this construal was associated with an increased willingness to undertake extreme pro-group behavior. This was consistent with the personal construct model of radicalization and was heightened in those who were "fused." Interview data provided support for the constructivist model and revealed characteristics and concerns of the two groups. Overall, the findings indicate that campaigning organizations contain fused individuals, who are more likely to undertake hypothetical pro-group violence including self-sacrifice. This has broader implications which may be particularly pertinent, given the violent impact of extremist activists around the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informal learning environments such as Natural History Museums can introduce visitors to a variety of topics in evolution by providing accessible representations of concepts like geological time, evolutionary mechanisms, biological diversity, geological time, and fossil dating. Our study examined sixth‐grade students' conceptualization of evolutionary ideas following four extracurricular, evolution‐themed "Science Days" at Nature Campus—an informal learning environment that employs an extensive combination of resources, including fossils, mounted specimens, and labs, as well as zoological and botanical gardens. The purpose of this study was to identify changes in the students' personal constructs over time, in order to determine which aspects of what they had learned during the Science Days had been retained. I, therefore, conducted two sets of interviews, which employed Kelly's Repertory Grid technique to elicit "personal constructs" representing these students' perceptions of evolution and the concepts and ideas associated with it. The first round of interviews was held immediately after the program's conclusion, and the second was conducted 3 years later (ninth‐grade). I then compared the results of the two sets of interviews. Our results showed that multiple elements of the Nature Campus learning experience were retained by the students, emphasizing the contribution of its characteristics as an authentic learning environment that uses visualization, tactile, physical examples, and interactive, inquiry‐based activities to promote meaningful learning. They also showed changes in the prominence and complexity of certain constructs that reflect the nature of the relationship between what the students learned in the informal environment of the Nature Campus and what they have since been taught (or not been taught) in the formal environment of their school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional approach to assess information system (IS) project success is adherence to planning (ATP) – meeting budget, schedule, and requirements targets. Today, scholars agree that ATP is insufficient to adequately assess IS project success, but an agreed-on set of success criteria is still missing. Many works on this topic are based on theoretical considerations rather than empirical inquiries. We analyze practitioners’ subjective perspectives by investigating what criteria IS project managers consider relevant for IS project success assessment. We interview eleven experienced project managers in Germany, applying Repertory Grid and Laddering to minimize potential biases. Our results yield eight success criteria, indicating that criteria like process efficiency and stakeholder satisfaction must be considered in addition to ATP. Scholars can use our findings to apply the identified success criteria in future studies. Practitioners gain insights into the expert perspective on project success and might rethink the way of assessing success in their projects.

It is believed that stimulating the inspiration of short video consumers might be an effective way to attract and maintain the attention of consumers so that they are willing to respond positively to short video ads. Therefore, in order to explore the source of customer inspiration in short video and its cognitive psychological process, the text and grid data collected from an interview among 25 short video users have been qualitatively analyzed by Kelly Grid Technology in order to construct the formation path model of short video customer inspiration, and find out its source, triggering mechanism, and influencing factors. It is found that the inspiring informational content characteristics include richness, reliability, vividness, and fluency of emotional content characteristics, fun, novelty, and narrative. However, the characteristics of commercial content in short video ads hinder the inspiration of consumers. The study also reveals that an internal mechanism of inspiration stimulation is built on some cognitive processes (i.e., presence, processing fluency, perceived innovation, perceived convenience) generated by informational content, and emotional responses by emotional content (i.e., curiosity, surprise, enjoyment, etc.). In addition, it is shown that personal involvement enhances the relationship between the inspiring content characteristics and consumer inspiration. As a result, customer inspiration and engagement in short video ads are highly enriched. Findings provide implications for short video platforms and online marketers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various perspectives are being studied to increase the usability and persistence of voice assistants (VA) as the use is rapidly expanding to various domains. Particularly, many studies note that users personify VA. Systems designed to suit users differing mental models while using specific systems can provide a positive user experience, increasing usability and persistence. Therefore, we tried to structure the mental model of users using personified VA and proposed these results as an important factor to consider in personifying VA. To determine important factors to consider in personifying VA, this research structures the mental model of users using personified VA. Furthermore, we used two types of psychological approaches that were not applied in previous studies to analyze users' mental models. Using two types of psychological approaches that were not applied in previous studies, this research analyzed users' mental models. In Study 1, each user's thinking process is derived through ZMET (Zaltman metaphor elicitation techniques) as a consensus map. Afterward, in Study 2, correlations between the key components analyzed in Study 1 are validated through RG (repertory grid technique). As a result, the research found that there are three different psychological structures. The first structure is of users who feel human-like empathy and warmth in the use of VA. Meanwhile, the second structure is of users who seek help with problem-solving. The last is the psychological structure of users who regarded anthropomorphic VA as just a machine. Users with this mental model expect the potential for development as a machine rather than the personification of VA. Ultimately, this research is meaningful in that it analyzes each user's psychological mechanism for personified VA through a psychological approach and derives three new mental models in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is believed that stimulating the inspiration of short video consumers might be an effective way to attract and maintain the attention of consumers so that they are willing to respond positively to short video ads. Therefore, in order to explore the source of customer inspiration in short video and its cognitive psychological process, the text and grid data collected from an interview among 25 short video users have been qualitatively analyzed by Kelly Grid Technology in order to construct the formation path model of short video customer inspiration, and find out its source, triggering mechanism, and influencing factors. It is found that the inspiring informational content characteristics include richness, reliability, vividness, and fluency of emotional content characteristics, fun, novelty, and narrative. However, the characteristics of commercial content in short video ads hinder the inspiration of consumers. The study also reveals that an internal mechanism of inspiration stimulation is built on some cognitive processes (i.e., presence, processing fluency, perceived innovation, perceived convenience) generated by informational content, and emotional responses by emotional content (i.e., curiosity, surprise, enjoyment, etc.). In addition, it is shown that personal involvement enhances the relationship between the inspiring content characteristics and consumer inspiration. As a result, customer inspiration and engagement in short video ads are highly enriched. Findings provide implications for short video platforms and online marketers.

Many manufacturers look to business solutions to provide growth; however, success is far from guaranteed, and it is unclear how such solutions can create superior perceived value. This article explores what constitutes value for customers from solutions over time--conceptualized as "value in use"--and how this arises from quality perceptions of the solution's components. The authors develop a framework for solution quality and value in use through 36 interviews combining repertory grid technique and means-end chains. The findings significantly extend the extant view of quality as a function of the supplier's products and services, and show that customers also assess the quality of their own resources and processes, as well as the quality of the joint resource integration process. The authors report that value in use corresponds not just to collective, organizational goals but also to individuals' goals, a finding that strongly contrasts with prior research. Four moderators of the quality-value relationship demonstrate customer heterogeneity across both firms and roles within what the authors term the "usage center." When shifting toward solutions, manufacturers require very different approaches to market research; account management; solution design; and quality control, including the need for value-auditing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The speed of competitiveness and organizational innovation, specifically with respect to corporate sustainability improving functions and environmental stress on manufacturing companies in predicting economic, social, and ecological advantages of their processes and products, significantly increased in the recent decade. This condition faced all manufacturing companies across the world with a new challenge, making them try not only to maintain their current competitive status by developing and implementing sustainable production tools, but also to follow a sustainable progress that considers social, economic, and environmental matters at the same time. This study focused on business sustainability with a new perspective in industrial symbiosis, and tried to develop a sustainable production model through identifying different dimensions of sustainable production from managerial viewpoints of successful manufacturing companies in Semnan Province, Iran. To this end, managers of 33 successful companies across the province with at least five-year continuous work experience were interviewed, using the repertory grid technique. As a result, 33 single individual repertory grids and 175 initial individual constructs of sustainable production were fabricated. Finally, the sustainable collective grid of sustainable production, including 87 secondary constructs within 11 sections were drawn and analyzed through cluster analysis in SPSS. At the end, a sustainable production model with 11 pivots and 87 constructs within 4 sections, along with four production strategies (economic production, lean production, green production, and sustainable production) were proposed

Objectives: The way that individuals perceive themselves and others may be relevant in understanding difficulties with self‐harm. Repertory grids provide a relatively underutilized means of investigating self‐concept in people who self‐harm. This study aimed to examine the association between self‐concept, captured through a repertory grid method, and self‐harm. Method: Ninety‐eight participants with a history of self‐harm took part in the study. A repertory grid was used to derive distances between four elements ('current self', 'ideal self', 'self‐harming self', and 'others who self‐harm'). Associations between these distances and measures of self‐harm behaviour, well‐being and perceived recovery, were estimated. Results: Repertory grid distances were significantly associated with self‐harm. When adjusting for covariates, self‐harm in the past year was positively associated with a greater distance (or less perceived similarity) between current and ideal self, and a smaller distance (greater perceived similarity) between current self and others who self‐harm. Repertory grid distances were also associated with well‐being and perceived recovery. Conclusions: The results are consistent with the idea that self‐perception is associated with self‐harm and related difficulties. The results also highlight the potential utility of repertory grids as a tool for exploring self‐concept. The cross‐sectional nature of the study precludes inferences about directionality or the temporal characteristics of associations. Practitioner points: More recent experiences of self‐harm may be reflected in the way individuals perceive or construe themselves.The way in which individuals who self‐harm perceive or construe themselves may also be related to their current well‐being and perceived recovery.Repertory grids may be a useful tool in clinical practice for investigating self‐concept in those who self‐harm.Repertory grids may provide a more idiographic, clinical outcome assessment in those who self‐harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital game‐based learning (DGBL) is a frequently adopted mode for facilitating teaching and learning, where learners are immersed in game contexts to engage in gameplay and to construct meaningful knowledge. However, without guidance, students might have difficulties organizing what they have experienced in gaming contexts. Thus, in this research, a multidimensional repertory grid (MDRG) approach was proposed, and a digital game was implemented accordingly. Moreover, an experiment was executed in a geography course to examine the effectiveness of the strategy. A total of 83 high school students (15.5 years old on average) participated in the experiment. The experimental group learned with the multidimensional repertory grid‐based educational game, while the control group learned with the conventional gaming mode. The analysis results revealed that the experimental group had better learning achievement as well as higher learning motivation, self‐efficacy and metacognition awareness. In addition, the behavioral analysis and interview results revealed that those learning with the proposed strategy had a greater tendency to promote higher order thinking. Accordingly, the limitations and suggestions for future research are provided. Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic Digital game‐based learning is an effective teaching approach that enables learners to effectively acquire knowledge in joyful contexts, hence enhancing their learning achievement and learning motivation.Suitable strategies should be embedded in games to enable students to have a higher level of thinking ability and to improve their academic performance.In view of guiding students to observe from multi‐dimensional perspectives, a repertory grid is believed to be a suitable tool since it enables students to observe different learning objects according to different aspects and elements.What this paper adds A multi‐dimensional repertory grid‐based educational game (MDRG game) was developed to facilitate students' learning achievement, learning motivation, and self‐efficacy as well as their metacognition awareness.In addition to promoting students' learning outcomes, students' learning behavioral transition diagrams were presented and interview results were analyzed in this study.Implications for practice and/or policy Traditional graphs or tables could help students memorize and understand features of learning objects; however, it is not easy to promote students' higher order thinking skills of making comparisons and reflections from multiple dimensions.The multi‐dimensional repertory grid‐based feedback provides students with systematically organized information to make comparisons and reflections, which furthermore enhances students' higher order thinking competences.Embedding suitable strategies (e.g., multi‐dimensional repertory grid‐based feedback) in games can effectively improve students' learning performance without increasing their cognitive load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study illustrates the use of the repertory grid in identifying and assessing effective teaching competencies. Design/methodology/approach: The data were collected from two subsamples that consist of business management students and engineering students. The systematic repertory grid (RepGrid) method was performed to identify broad effective teaching competencies. Findings: Broad effective teaching competencies found in the study include teaching approach, behavioral orientation, subject expertise, and communication skills among others. Research limitations/implications: Interestingly, the responses of the subsamples differ in the competencies identified and the weights assigned to a particular competency. Further, the results indicate the importance of having a "context" and thereby challenge the concept of generic teaching competencies. Practical implications: The universities are encouraged to use RepGrid technique to assess effective teaching competencies of their faculty members. Originality/value: The techniques for developing teaching competency models by some prior studies have several inherent flaws including the efficiency and effectiveness of data collection. The study takes forward the suggestions of scholars to use a rigorous technique, repertory grid, to overcome several of these flaws to a large extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: People with psychosis show impairments in cognitive flexibility, a phenomenon that is still poorly understood. In this study, we tested if there were differences in cognitive and metacognitive processes related to rigidity in patients with psychosis. We compared individuals with dichotomous interpersonal thinking and those with flexible interpersonal thinking.Methods: We performed a secondary analysis using two groups with psychosis, one with low levels of dichotomous interpersonal thinking (n = 42) and the other with high levels of dichotomous interpersonal thinking (n = 43). The patients were classified by splitting interpersonal dichotomous thinking (measured using the repertory grid technique) to the median. The groups were administered a sociodemographic questionnaire, a semi-structured interview to assess psychotic symptoms [Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)], a self-report of cognitive insight [Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS)], neurocognitive tasks [Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)], and the repertory grid technique. We used a logistic regression model to test which factors best differentiate the two groups.Results: The group with high dichotomous interpersonal thinking had earlier age at onset of the psychotic disorder, higher self-certainty, impaired executive functioning, affected abstract thinking, and lower estimated cognitive reserve than the group with flexible thinking. According to the logistic regression model, estimated cognitive reserve and self-certainty were the variables that better differentiated between the two groups.Conclusion: Cognitive rigidity may be a generalized bias that affects not only neurocognitive and metacognitive processes but also the sense of self and significant others. Patients with more dichotomous interpersonal thinking might benefit from interventions that target this cognitive bias on an integrative way and that is adapted to their general level of cognitive abilities.

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Introduction: People with psychosis show impairments in cognitive flexibility, a phenomenon that is still poorly understood. In this study, we tested if there were differences in cognitive and metacognitive processes related to rigidity in patients with psychosis. We compared individuals with dichotomous interpersonal thinking and those with flexible interpersonal thinking. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis using two groups with psychosis, one with low levels of dichotomous interpersonal thinking (n = 42) and the other with high levels of dichotomous interpersonal thinking (n = 43). The patients were classified by splitting interpersonal dichotomous thinking (measured using the repertory grid technique) to the median. The groups were administered a sociodemographic questionnaire, a semi-structured interview to assess psychotic symptoms [Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)], a self-report of cognitive insight [Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS)], neurocognitive tasks [Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)], and the repertory grid technique. We used a logistic regression model to test which factors best differentiate the two groups. Results: The group with high dichotomous interpersonal thinking had earlier age at onset of the psychotic disorder, higher self-certainty, impaired executive functioning, affected abstract thinking, and lower estimated cognitive reserve than the group with flexible thinking. According to the logistic regression model, estimated cognitive reserve and self-certainty were the variables that better differentiated between the two groups. Conclusion: Cognitive rigidity may be a generalized bias that affects not only neurocognitive and metacognitive processes but also the sense of self and significant others. Patients with more dichotomous interpersonal thinking might benefit from interventions that target this cognitive bias on an integrative way and that is adapted to their general level of cognitive abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of Machine Learning algorithms must always take into account the objectives set within the project, the characteristics of the domain where the project will be carried out and the data available to use. Given this, it is essential before collecting data considered as representative of the problem to be solved, because otherwise there may be hidden biases in the data and these may solve a different problem from the one intended. In this context, the aim of this work is to apply a process based on the Gridding method that allows the analysis of the features of the data to be used. This process is applied to the historical data of a pediatric medical office where it is sought to implement an intelligent system that allows to predict the number of normal and over-shift appointments for a particular date and time, since it is desired to hire, when necessary, another pediatric doctor to assist in the care of patients.

Various perspectives are being studied to increase the usability and persistence of voice assistants (VA) as the use is rapidly expanding to various domains. Particularly, many studies note that users personify VA. Systems designed to suit users differing mental models while using specific systems can provide a positive user experience, increasing usability and persistence. Therefore, we tried to structure the mental model of users using personified VA and proposed these results as an important factor to consider in personifying VA. To determine important factors to consider in personifying VA, this research structures the mental model of users using personified VA. Furthermore, we used two types of psychological approaches that were not applied in previous studies to analyze users’ mental models. Using two types of psychological approaches that were not applied in previous studies, this research analyzed users’ mental models. In Study 1, each user’s thinking process is derived through ZMET (Zaltman metaphor elicitation techniques) as a consensus map. Afterward, in Study 2, correlations between the key components analyzed in Study 1 are validated through RG (repertory grid technique). As a result, the research found that there are three different psychological structures. The first structure is of users who feel human-like empathy and warmth in the use of VA. Meanwhile, the second structure is of users who seek help with problem-solving. The last is the psychological structure of users who regarded anthropomorphic VA as just a machine. Users with this mental model expect the potential for development as a machine rather than the personification of VA. Ultimately, this research is meaningful in that it analyzes each user’s psychological mechanism for personified VA through a psychological approach and derives three new mental models in detail.

Disturbances in personal identity are recognized in psychosis and depression. However, it is unknown whether these disruptions share common processes across clinical groups, or whether there are unique alterations by group or between men and women within each clinical group. To advance on this question, we compared personal identity dimensions in psychosis and depression and investigated the effects of gender and depressive mood. This study assessed dimensions of personal identity using the repertory grid technique among 85 outpatients with psychosis, 85 outpatients with depressive disorders and 85 healthy controls who were matched by age. Data regarding depressive mood and general functioning was also collected. Results showed that self-discrepancies were higher in psychosis and depression than in controls, and were associated with depressive mood. Interpersonal dichotomous thinking was more prevalent in women in both clinical groups. Women with psychosis showed higher ideal-others discrepancy and had a more complex structure of personal identity than their male counterparts. To conclude, alterations in self-ideal and self-others discrepancies may be transdiagnostic dimensions related to depressive mood. Interpersonal dichotomous thinking may also be a common dimensional characteristic in psychosis and depression but more specific to women. Finally, critical views of others and a higher complexity of personal identity may be more specific to women than men with psychosis. Our results are consistent with other studies pointing to the need for person-focused treatments promoting the recovery of a full sense of personal identity, rather than just focusing on specific thoughts and feelings. • Interventions focusing on self-discrepancies could be applied transdiagnostically to psychosis and depression. • Women with psychosis might be the group most affected by feelings of resentment. • Women with psychosis or depression may benefit from working therapeutically with the use of more modulated "shades of grey" in evaluations of self and others. • Men with psychosis have a greater need for the development of the differentiation of representations of self and others and on incorporating more meaningful dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the ratification of the 1981 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) the role of Voice of the Child (VoC) in education has gained significance. Despite various VoC models and methods existing to collect and understand it, it is often critiqued for being tokenistic, rather than meaningful. Personal Construct Psychology (PCP) is a relevant psychological theory which provides a range of methods for exploring VoC. Previous PCP research has utilised art methods to explore primary school pupil's views about various aspects of their educational experience. The current research sought to extend the application of PCP to explore VoC by employing the repertory grid interview method to represent and understand a sample of Year Five pupils' opinions and perspectives on their social relationships. The repertory grid interview method was proposed as a method that would lead to meaningful rather than tokenistic VoC. The findings demonstrated that participants had a strong sense of self in relation to others and reported positive social relationships. Relationships with family members were found to be the most reported and hypothesised to be the most important relationships in participant's social worlds. Participants predominantly utilised the construct categories of 'extroverted/introverted', 'pleasant/unpleasant' and 'sympathetic/unsympathetic' with regards to their social relationships and interactions. These findings are discussed in relation to the argument that repertory grid interviews offer a meaningful rather than tokenistic method for engaging in VoC. Limitations and implications for future research and professional practice are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Pre-service physics teachers often do not recognise the relevance for their future career in their university content knowledge courses. A lower perceived relevance can, however, have a negative effect on their motivation and on their academic success. Several intervention studies have been undertaken with the goal to increase this perceived relevance. A previous study shows that conceptual physics problems used in university physics courses are perceived by pre-service physics teachers as more relevant for their future career than regular, quantitative problems. It is however not clear, what the students' meaning of the construct 'relevance' is: what makes a problem more relevant to them than another problem? To answer this question, N = 7 pre-service teachers were interviewed using the repertory grid technique, based on the personal construct theory. Nine physics problems were discussed with regards to their perceived relevance and with regards to problem properties that distinguish these problems from each other. We are able to identify six problem properties that have a positive influence on the perceived relevance. Physics problems that are based on these properties should therefore potentially have a higher perceived relevance, which can have a positive effect on the motivation of the pre-service teachers who solve these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living in a competitive world requires teachers to be aware of their potentials and reflect them on their daily practices. Autonomous teachers can think and act on their own rather than sticking to the established patterns. Current studies mostly deal with perceptions about learner autonomy and focus on local environment. However, what teachers understand from autonomy and their classroom practices are very important. Therefore, this study aims to investigate teachers' autonomy perceptions from cross-cultural perspective. The data was collected by using (1) Repertory Grid Technique with three teachers, (2) semi-structured interviews with15 teachers and (3) classroom observations of 24 lessons for data triangulation to validate each other. Findings suggest that teachers from various cultural backgrounds interpret autonomy with different constructs, yet these differences complete each other in classroom practises. This is also corroborated with semi-structured interviews and classroom observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In general, sustainable progress is a landscape that simultaneously aims for social, economic, and environmental subjects, in the process of progress. In this course, production management and manufacturers are involved in sustainability more than ever. This study intended to identify different aspects of sustainable production with an ecological view from the stand point of managers of successful industrial manufacturing companies in Semnan, Iran. To this end, managers of 33 companies with at least five years of continuous work experience were interviewed, according to the stages of Repertory Grid Technique. Then, 33 single personal repertory grids and 174 primary personal constructs were generated. Finally, these constructs were explored and analyzed, and an aggregate grid of sustainable production was determined, containing 87 secondary constructs in different fields. These factors were also analyzed and ranked with SPSS based on the Friedman test. The ten top factors determined by this study include: social welfare of customers, desirable financial performance, adherence to national and international rules, foresight, intangible investment and brand management, sustainable design, measurement and monitoring of emission density, organizational resource planning, proper use of land, quality of and satisfaction with products. Introduction Sustainability is an important and growing need for human activities. Sustainable progress is a key goal to human improvement. Sustainable improvement results from social, economic, and environmental issues and, in general, the process of improvement. Sustainability is a topic in different fields including engineering, design, and production. Producers are now engaged with sustainability more than ever. In general, sustainable improvement is a challenge and complex understanding that involves factors such as technology and engineering, economy, environmental monitoring, public health and well-being, society they work and live in, social demands, government strategies and producers, and policies. In particular, creating sustainable production requires balance and integration between the economy and social, environmental and supportive policies. This article focuses on business sustainability. This is a descriptive-interpretive study based on the Personal Construct Theory. The goal of this article is to extract and draw the construct derived from the managers' opinions in order to reach a native understanding of sustainable production construct in manufacturing companies of Semnan Province, Iran. The main questions outlined here are as follows: What are the managers' personal construct of industrial manufacturing companies for the understanding the sustainable production? What is the extent of each construct importance? Case Study Active industrial-manufacturing companies of Semnan Province, Iran with a minimum history of more than five years of continuous production and one or more top ranking in national and provincial assessments in different areas were selected. Materials and Methods Repertory grid was used as the applied technique of Personal Construct Theory to extract and analyze the managers' personal theories about the sustainable production constructs using interviews and repertory grid formation through three steps namely the selection of topic and steps, construct extraction, and the connection of construct elements. Discussion and Results According to 175 initial constructs, since some had similar nature, 87 secondary constructs were classified using the content analysis method by integrating similar constructs and analyzing the final content based on similarities in an inductive process around a more general construct and the degree of compatibility. Collective repertory grid was formed in the form of a matrix consisting of 87 secondary constructs, six elements, and ratings that resulted from 33 individual managers' grid. Then, the collective repertory grid was prioritized using the Friedman test. Conclusion Goods and service producers do not have to experience change. In other words, survival is not compulsory at all. Reviewing the history of long-lasting companies reflects the fact that they have continuously been trying to survive and adapt to their surroundings. The persistence and sustainability condition appears to be adapting to compulsory changes by applying optional gradual changes. The need for sustainable production processes is well recognized due to rapid changes in technology and business processes in today's competitive world. Therefore, in this study, 87 sustainable production constructs are determined and rated: observation of national and international laws, operation management, deployment of management systems, observation and modeling of values ​​and ethics, risk management, membership in institutions and associations, acquisition of certificates and letter of commendation, futuristic approach, passive defense and crisis management, project management, anti-corruption and fraud structure, proper and managed water use, proper and managed use of raw materials, equipment efficiency measurement and management, moving towards the clean sources of energy, planning for proper land use, resource retrieval, bio-efficiency measuring and monitoring, Measuring and monitoring the density of gaseous emissions, measuring and monitoring the production efficiency, water pollution reduction management, air pollution measuring and monitoring, soil pollution measuring and monitoring, production effects on animal / plant life, management, separation and reduction of waste production, disturbance reduction caused by production, Staff health management (psychology and health), non-compulsory work, team structure and participation, staff safety management and seriousness, labor union structure, lack of discrimination, a specific course of work and occupational progression, recruitment of competent and expert human resources, employee satisfaction, proper and sufficient salary, the importance of staff education and training, elimination of staff housing, employee welfare, reduction of harmful factors in production environment, supply chain training, development and observation of principles, laws and ethics of commerce, the development of domestic suppliers, the diversity of suppliers, supplier assessment, downward and upward investment in supply chain, outsourcing, goods and product transportation, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), product quality, product delivery and packaging, safe use of products, market assessment and marketing, product component differentiation, national and international product standards, labeling and information, sustainable design, life cycle analysis, product innovations, aesthetics of products, variety and customized production, desirable financial performance, cost management, sustainable productivity and sustainability, intangible investment and brand management, the use of advanced technology in production, knowledge management, quality engineering, research and development, ICT application, joint work with large companies, social welfare in society, customers' social welfare, regular tax payment, social capital, industrial heritage and material return to nature, technology localization, management and reduction of accidents leading to injury or death, exports, science production, cultural influence on environment, development and calculation of green tax, 6R measures, green accounting, purchase of waste and wastewater, sales of waste and wastewater, and stakeholders' interests and satisfaction. In addition to the extent of identified constructs compared to previous studies, the constructs related to the industrial development and progress, industrial ecology and coexistence, supply chain, organizational leadership, industrial heritage, and products are determined as vital and important elements in order to reach the sustainable production. A review of the theoretical literature also shows that the findings are consistent with the theories related to the sustainable production. The importance of these dimensions has been reflected in most theories and studies, showing the external compatibility, in addition to internal consistency and the comprehensiveness of constructs.

Current research and clinical practice in person‐centred approaches highlight the importance of self, identity, and personal meanings in psychosis. Previous research has focused on dimensions of self, but less attention has been paid to the personal meanings involved in identity. The personal construct theory framework and the repertory grid technique (RGT) allow the study of identity and personal meanings within person‐centred approaches of psychopathology and treatment in psychosis, as suggested by studies that began more than 40 years ago. However, their contributions have not yet been reviewed. We aimed to systematically review the evidence for the role of identity and personal meanings in psychotic disorders. We performed a systematic search using personal construct and RGT terms in PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, and Google Scholar. After identifying 2,574 articles, 15 were included. Nine studies followed an idiographic assessment, and six were nomothetic. Patients reported their subjective experience of isolation in terms of high self‐ideal discrepancy and high perceived discrepancy with their significant others, which some studies associated with a lower degree of recovery or with the way in which positive symptoms were construed. Self‐fragmentation either decreased with interventions or was associated with recovery. Evidence regarding interpersonal construing was less consistent, but there was a tendency for patients to show a more rigid cognitive structure than controls. To conclude, we found some evidence that self‐discrepancies, fragmentation of self, and interpersonal construing are affected in psychosis and potentially modifiable through psychotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owning a “renown” car brand, a “latest hour” model, with a futuristic design, etc. is the ultimate dream of any driver. Thus, the car producers always take into account the real or the ideal needs of consumers, including on the emergent market. The research of car brand perception among consumers is possible with quantitative and qualitative methods statistics, respectively. The combine use of these leads to the qualitative improvement of the research, in the sense that it fathoms the aspects belonging to endogenous and exogenous variables, direct noticeable, of the consumers. This research regarding the perception of the car brands most often encountered on Romanian highways, among young Romanian consumers is based on a combined use of a repertory grid and the Principal Component Analysis method for the data elaborating and construing phase. The results show: the perceptions of consumers are grouped in: the ideal image of the future, youth – sportivity, reliability; a strong perception of the symbolic significance, subjective related to car brands; good perceptions according to the history of the car brands; good perceptions according to aspects connected to reliability and maintenance of the car brands; good perceptions according to the design of the body car and aspects connected to it.

This article identifies common features of existing models of radicalization and deradicalization, such as the transition from uncertainty to certainty, before integrating these in a model based upon personal construct theory. It is proposed that the personal construct concepts of validation and invalidation are particularly relevant to processes of identity change such as radicalization and deradicalization. Thus, it is argued that radicalization occurs when major invalidation of an individual’s construing is followed by the development of a new radicalized view of the world that provides a turning point in his or her sense of identity and a more structured and certain view of the world. There is likely to be seeking out of validation for this view in interactions with others who share similar views or by extorting evidence for the individual’s radical constructions. These constructions are likely to involve extreme negative views of another group, by contrast to members of which, and possibly by taking extreme action against this group, the individual’s new self-construction may become further defined. These same processes can be seen to operate in deradicalization, and it will therefore be argued that the model has implications for the development of deradicalization programs. A further advantage of the model is that it has an associated personal construct methodology, particularly repertory grid technique, that may be used to investigate processes of radicalization and deradicalization. As illustrations of such investigations, results will be summarized from a repertory grid study of Salafist Muslims in Tunisia, some of whom had returned from fighting in Syria, and an analysis of the writings of the Norwegian mass murderer Anders Breivik. The findings of these investigations are argued to be consistent with the personal construct model of radicalization and deradicalization.