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21. Injection-Site Reactions to Booster Doses of Acellular Pertussis Vaccine: Rate, Severity, and Anticipated Impact.

Author

Skowronski, Danuta M., Remple, Valencia P., Macnabb, Jane, Pielak, Karen, Patrick, David M., Halperin, Scott A., and Scheifele, David

Subjects
*WHOOPING cough vaccines, *BACTERIAL vaccines, *VACCINES, *IMMUNIZATION of children, *PEDIATRICS -- Immunological aspects, *CHILDREN'S health
Abstract

Background. Acellular pertussis (aP)-containing vaccines cause fewer adverse events than whole-cell versions for primary doses. Booster doses, however, may be followed by extensive injection-site reactions. This study compares the frequency, severity, and impact of local reactions among children receiving 5 consecutive doses of an aP combination vaccine (including inactivated polio virus, conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen, and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids) to children receiving a mixed series of whole-cell and aP combination vaccines. Methods. Participants were parents or guardians of children 4 to 6 years old immunized at public health clinics across British Columbia, Canada. This included 398 children receiving the fifth consecutive dose of an aP combination vaccine and 402 receiving the fifth dose in a mixed series consisting of at least 1 prior dose of whole-cell pertussis combination vaccine with the remainder as aP combination vaccine. A cross-sectional telephone survey evaluated the extent of local reactions 48 to 96 hours after immunization by asking participants to compare the size of redness and swelling with familiar household items such as Oreo cookies or coins. Associated discomfort and impact on recreational activities, health care utilization, parental time off work, and attitudes toward immunization were also assessed. Results. Children who received the fifth consecutive dose of an aP combination vaccine more often experienced redness (24%) or swelling (16%) the size of an Oreo cookie or larger (≥46 mm) than children given a mixed series (10% and 9%, respectively) but less often experienced tenderness or limitation of movement at the injection site. Related health care utilization was low. There was... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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22. Genital tract and plasma human immunodeficiency virus viral load throughout the menstrual cycle in women who are infected with ovulatory human immunodeficiency virus.

Author

Money, Deborah M., Arikan, Yasmin Y., Remple, Valencia, Sherlock, Chris, Craib, Kevin, Birch, Patricia, and Burdge, David R.

Subjects
HIV infections, MENSTRUAL cycle, BLOOD plasma, CERVIX uteri, VAGINA
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the vaginal, cervical, and plasma viral load through the menstrual cycle in women who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort study was performed on 14 women with ovulatory menstrual cycles who have human immunodeficiency virus. Duplicate cervical and vaginal viral load samples (n = 301) were taken at four stages (menstrual, follicular, periovulatory, and luteal) of two consecutive cycles. RESULTS: Participant characteristics were mean age of 32.7 years, median human immunodeficiency virus helper cell count value of 355, and median plasma viral load of 24,000 copies/mL. Through the menstrual cycle, there was no statistically significant difference in plasma viral load, but there was a significant decrease in genital tract viral load at the periovulatory phase (vagina, P = .018; cervix, P = .007). Vaginal and cervical viral load were correlated (r = 0.582, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Although the plasma viral load remained constant throughout the menstrual cycle, the genital viral load decreased at the periovulatory phase. These results suggest that local factors may affect the genital viral load compartment independent of plasma viral load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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