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Delia Lacasta,1 Ramses Reina,2 Marta Ruiz de Arcaute,1 Luis Miguel Ferrer,1 Alfredo Angel Benito,3 Maria Teresa Tejedor,4 Irache Echeverria,2 Hector Ruiz,1 Silvia Martinez Cardenas,1 Peter Andrew Windsor5 1Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain; 2Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, 31192, Navarra, Spain; 3EXOPOL S.L, San Mateo de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain; 4Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics Department, CIBER CV (Universidad de Zaragoza-IIS), Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain; 5Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, AustraliaCorrespondence: Delia LacastaFacultad de Veterinaria de Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza, 50013, SpainTel +34 609676727Email dlacasta@gmail.comIntroduction: Orf is a highly contagious eruptive viral disease of the skin and mucosa of sheep and goats. Although vaccination with live or attenuated orf virus is the preferred option for disease control, the vaccine is unavailable in many countries. Treatment of orf lesions involves standard hygiene and in numerous cases, management of presumptive secondary infections with antibiotics, increasing risks of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The wound dressing formulation Tri-Solfen® containing two local anaesthetics (lignocaine and bupivacaine), adrenaline and an antiseptic (cetrimide) in a gel formulation was developed for pain relief in sheep undergoing surgical husbandry procedures in Australia. Recently, TS therapy was found to reduce suffering and enhance recovery in cattle and buffalo with oral and skin lesions due to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus infection. It was noted that TS has a low pH and is potentially viricidal, potentially aiding disease control.Methods: One-month-old lambs (n=14), naturally infected with orf, were recruited from a farm during a natural outbreak of the disease. The animals were selected at the early stages of the infection and randomly divided into two cohorts: Group A (n=11) treated with the topical wound gel formulation (TS); and Group B (n=3) an untreated control group. Swabs were obtained before treatment (T0) and on days one (T1), 3 (T2) and 5 (T3) post-treatment, then submitted to direct DNA extraction with real-time PCR quantification, plus incubation with primary tissue cultures from ovine skin fibroblasts (OSF) and T-immortalized goat embryonic fibroblasts (TIGEF).Results: Although no significant differences were found in the clinical progression of the lesions and PCR quantification (p=0.722) between these small cohorts, there was a significant difference (p< 0.05) in reduction in infective viral load between the groups when assessed in OSF cell cultures between T0 and T3.Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that treatment of early stage lesions with this TS may reduce the infective viral load present in orf lesions.Keywords: sheep, contagious ecthyma, wound formulation, local therapy

In addition to inclusion as an educational philosophy, integrated schooling has emerged worldwide as an influential trend in education over the last few decades; this has increased the number of students with disabilities in classrooms, including in physical education (PE). This state of affairs requires that teachers provide support and resources to ensure that all students, regardless of ability, can reach their full potential through opportunities for equal participation. The previous contact with people with disabilities and the level of the students' competitiveness are two factors where there is a lack of clarity as to their effects on attitudes towards the inclusion of a partner with a disability. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the understanding of how these variables influence students' attitudes after the implementation of an intervention to raise awareness of the inclusion of students with disabilities in PE. This study aimed: (1) to analyse the effects of the educational programme 'Inclusive Sport in School' on the attitudes of students without disabilities towards the inclusion of peers with a disability, (2) to analyse the influence of the previous contact with people with disabilities on the attitudes of students towards inclusion in PE after the intervention, and (3) to explore the level of competitiveness on attitude outcomes. A sample of 1068 students (534 girls and 534 boys) without disability (13.9 ± 1.76 yr.) was divided according to the type of established contact at their school setting: regular school settings (no contact), inclusive settings with non-structured contact and inclusive settings with structured contact (where students with disabilities were included in the PE classes). Attitudes towards inclusion were measured through Spanish version of the Children's Attitudes Toward Integrated Physical Education Revised inventory CAIPE-RS. A mixed-factor analysis of variance was implemented, with an intra-group factor (i.e. pre vs post-intervention) and two between-group factors: the three types of contact and the reported level of competitiveness (low, moderate, or high). Results showed a significant impact on the general subscale of attitude after the intervention. The interaction effects between the between-group and the intra-group factors were not significant. However, the t-test of related measurements showed significant differences on the general attitude subscale for the students of the inclusive centres where there were [t(351) = -6.11; p < 0.01)] or there were not [t(199) = -2.43; p = 0.016)] students with disabilities in the PE class, showing more positive values of attitude after the intervention. Additionally, those perceived to have a moderate or high level of competitiveness also exhibited an increase in their degree of general attitude after the intervention while the students from inclusive schools with a low competitive level showed a significant decrease in attitude on the specific attitude subscale. It is concluded that the effect of the intervention could be influenced by the type of contact and that the level of competitiveness is a constraining variable for awareness interventions in PE. To develop interventions which have a significant impact on attitude towards inclusion in PE, awareness programmes should be designed which consider direct contact with people with disabilities to generate the target attitude.

Physical Education teachers (PET) self-efficacy (SE) is a cornerstone for a successful inclusion of students with special educational needs. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a training program called "Incluye-T" on the SE of Spanish in-service PETs (n = 229) toward the inclusion of students with special education needs in physical education, compared with a control group (n = 40). The study also evaluates how the training program is mediated by two demographic variables: teachers' gender and teaching setting. The Self-Efficacy Scale for Physical Education Teacher Education Majors towards Children with Disabilities was used to measure SE pre and post-intervention. Significant improvements in SE were demonstrated for in-service PET compared to the control group for all the sub-scales of the SE scale: intellectual, physical, and visual impairments (p < 0.01, large effect sizes). All teachers' self-efficacy subscales improved regardless of their teaching settings (e.g. primary or secondary schools) and gender. Implications for future professional development provision are discussed, including the delivered training strategies, materials or the duration of the intervention.

Despite a growing diversity within society and health care, there seems to be a discrepancy between the number of cultural minority physicians graduating and those in training for specialization (residents) or working as a specialist in Dutch academic hospitals. The purpose of this article is to explore how performance appraisal in daily medical practice is experienced and might affect the influx of cultural minority physicians into specialty training. A critical diversity study was completed in one academic hospital using interviews (N = 27) and focus groups (15 participants) with cultural minority physicians and residents, instructing specialists and executives of medical wards. Data were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. A thematic and integral content analysis was performed. In addition to explicit norms on high motivation and excellent performance, implicit norms on professionalism are considered crucial in qualifying for specialty training. Stereotyped imaging on the culture and identity of cultural minority physicians and categorical thinking on diversity seem to underlie daily processes of evaluation and performance appraisal. These are experienced as inhibiting the possibilities to successfully profile for selection into residency and specialist positions. Implicit criteria appear to affect selection processes on medical wards and possibly hinder the influx of cultural minority physicians into residency and making academic hospitals more diverse. Minority and majority physicians, together with the hospital management and medical education should target inclusive norms and practices within clinical practice.

Copyright of Argentinian Horticulture / Horticultura Argentina is the property of Revista Horticultura Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This investigation examined the effects of distributed and massed practice on the learning and retention of a discrete computerized skill (Exp. 1) and a continuous computerized skill (Exp. 2). 40 men were randomly assigned to one of four groups, of which two groups took part in Exp. 1 and two groups in Exp. 2. Performance was assessed at various points during acquisition and then on 8 retention tests conducted at varying times after acquisition. Learning curves for practice were highly similar for the two conditions. Participants in the distributed-practice group performed significantly better than those in the massed-practice group at the end of practice on both the discrete and continuous skills. However, participants in the distributed-practice group performed significantly more poorly on retention during 24 hr. and after acquisition. Participants in the massed-practice condition performed significantly better on retention tests than did those who learned in the distributed-practice condition.

Background: Malnutrition has important short- and long-term consequences in children under age five. Malnutrition encompasses undernutrition, overnutrition, and the coexistence of both of them, known as the double burden of malnutrition (DBM). Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition, overnutrition, and the DBM among these children at the national level and by living area in Panama. Methods: Data from the National Health Survey of Panama (ENSPA, Spanish acronym), a population-based, cross-sectional study carried out in 2019 were used. Stunting, wasting, overweight, and obesity were defined according to the cut-off points of the World Health Organization Growth Standards. Undernutrition was defined as being stunted only, wasted only or both; overnutrition was defined as being overweight only or obese only; and the DBM was defined as the co-occurence of stunting and overweight/obesity in the same child. Prevalence and general characteristics at the national level and by living area were weighted. Findings: The prevalence of undernutrition was 15.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 13.4–17.3) at the national level and 36.6% (CI: 30.1–43.5) in indigenous areas. The prevalence of overnutrition was 10.2% (8.2–12.6) at the national level and 11.9% (CI: 8.5–16.3), 8.4% (CI: 6.5–10.7) and 8.7% (CI: 5.2–14.3) in urban, rural and indigenous areas, respectively. The DBM prevalence was 1.4% (CI: 1.0–2.1) at the national level and 2.7% (CI: 1.4–5.1) in indigenous areas. Conclusions: Undernutrition is still the most prevalent malnutrition condition in our country. Panama has the highest prevalence of overnutrition in Central America. The highest prevalence of undernutrition and DBM was found among children living in indigenous areas.

La obtención de la calidad de la leche está condicionada por una serie de factores como son la infraestructura, la higiene, la producción, la conservación y el manejo integral de la calidad que afectan su estabilidad. Con el objetivo de evaluar el cumplimiento de Buenas Prácticas Lecheras se seleccionaron diez unidades productoras, cinco vaquerías pertenecientes a la Unidad Básica de Producción Cooperativa (UBPC) “Tabloncito” y cinco lecherías de pequeños productores de una Cooperativa de Créditos y Servicios, del municipio de Cumanayagua, provincia Cienfuegos. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos, prácticos, con sus correspondientes técnicas (revisión documental, entrevista a trabajadores de la unidad, observación del trabajo del personal y triangulación metodológica). Los resultados fueron procesados y sometidos a un análisis estadístico mediante el método de comparación de proporciones para una P< 0,05, utilizando el paquete estadístico Statistix, versión 1,0 para Windows. Se detectaron incumplimientos en la rutina de ordeño y en los requisitos de limpieza e higienización, los cuales comprometían la calidad de la leche. Para contrarrestar estas deficiencias detectadas se diseñó un plan de medidas que integra soluciones tanto en el plano técnico como organizativo, para el mejoramiento de la producción y calidad de la leche en las unidades objeto de estudio.

Los microorganismos que forman parte del microbiota normal son aquellos que viven permanentemente en los sitios específicos del cuerpo humano, lugar donde encuentran los nutrientes para multiplicarse. El objetivo fundamental del presente trabajo fue describir los grupos microbianos que interactúan con el cuerpo humano, y relacionar las infecciones oportunistas con el microbiota normal. Los resultados del trabajo muestran curiosamente, que un estimado de 129 géneros y especies de microorganismos, componen el microbiota normal, y que esta interactúa de manera simbiótica y comensal con el cuerpo humano, siendo las bacterias el grupo microbiano predominante. Estos microorganismos, se encuentran con mayor frecuencia en el tracto gastrointestinal y en la cavidad bucal. Igualmente encontramos que las bacterias Grampositivas predominan en la piel, y las Gramnegativas en las mucosas. En un segundo momento de la investigación, se logró establecer una comparación entre los microorganismos que forman parte de la microbiota y su potencial como patógenos oportunistas, cuando se rompe el equilibrio físico e inmunológico con el huésped humano, relocalizándose en sitios diferentes, causando infección y enfermedad endógena .De manera que se logra incursionar en un tema que resulta polémico actualmente en el campo de la Microbiología, por lo que resulta novedoso, poder llenar el vacío del conocimiento que posibilita estudios posteriores en temas relacionados.

Background. Over the last 25 years, clinical practice guidelines have emerged as a means to standardize and improve care. As pharmaceutical innovations develop, guidelines are updated to incorporate new interventions. However, the extent to which pharmacotherapies are represented as treatment options in guideline recommendations has not been well elucidated. This study aimed to quantify the role pharmacotherapy has played in clinical practice guidelines across a range of chronic diseases over the past 20 years. Methods. Clinical practice guidelines published from 2000 to 2021 were identified for five chronic diseases: ischemic heart disease (IHD), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Guidelines were reviewed and data on treatment recommendations were collected, including the type of intervention, line of therapy, and, for pharmacotherapies, year of regulatory approval and year of inclusion in guidelines. Results. In total, 92 clinical practice guidelines were reviewed. Among the 184 discrete recommended interventions across the five disease areas, 146 (79.3%) were pharmacotherapies, 21 (11.4%) were behavioral modifications, 6 (3.3%) were surgical interventions, and 11 (6%) were other interventions. Across guidelines, when a line of therapy was specified, behavioral modifications and pharmacotherapies were most frequently recommended as first-line interventions, whereas surgical interventions were more often recommended for subsequent lines of treatment. The time from regulatory approval of novel pharmacotherapies to inclusion in guideline recommendations varied considerably by disease area and geography. Conclusions. Across the reviewed disease areas, behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapies are shown to be critical components of clinical practice. Over the last 20 years, novel pharmaceutical innovations have been incorporated into clinical practice guideline recommendations; however, with varying speeds of adoption. Given the increasing pace of pharmacologic innovation, timely updates of clinical practice guidelines are critical to evolving the standard of care and practicing evidence-based medicine.

Abstract In Surabaya, a study focused on detecting dermatophytosis in domestic cats using a Woodlamp. The research observed cat samples with hair and skin issues, concentrating on lesions and changes in skin and fur. While Woodlamp is more effective for Microsporum canis, it lacks a green fluorescence reaction for Trychopyton. About 50% of ringworm cases fluoresced under the Woodlamp, turning infected cats' fur green. Skin lesion samples were taken for superficial mycosis identification, and ectoparasite presence was examined through hair combing. Out of 50 examined cats, 8 had ectoparasites 4 with fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and 4 with tick infestations (Felicola subrostrate). Woodlamp results showed qualitative detection of fungi in 14% of cases. The prevalence of ectoparasite infestation was 16%, with Ctenocephalides felis being dominant. No mites were found. Only 14% of cases revealed dermatophytosis through Woodlamp examination, indicating the presence of ectoparasite infestations in 16% of Surabaya's domestic cats. Keywords: Cat; Dermatofitosis; Woodlamp Abstrak Kucing merupakan hewan yang memiliki daya tarik tersendiri karena tubuh yang mudah dipeluk, warna mata yang indah dan warna rambut yang beragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dermatofitosis pada kucing domestik dengan menggunakan Woodlamp di Surabaya. Sampel kucing dengan ciri-ciri mengarah pada permasalahan rambut bahkan kulit. Metode pengamatan pada bentuk lesi dan adanya perubahan pada kulit serta rambut. Pemeriksaan biasanya penggunaan Woodlamp lebih efektif untuk jamur Microsporum canis, tetapi untuk jamur Trychopyton tidak ada reaksi berpendar hijau. Pengujian menggunakan alat Woodlamp sekitar 50% dari ringworm akan muncul. Bulu dari kucing yang terinfeksi jamur akan menyala hijau saat terkena Woodlamp. Identifikasi mycosis superficial lesi kulit harus diambil sampelnya dari tepi lesi. Kemudian pemeriksaan dilanjutkan karena adanya ektoparasit (Pinjal, Kutu dan Caplak) dengan cara melakukan penyisiran rambut. Dari data yang diperoleh pada 50 ekor kucing yang diperiksa di sekitar Surabaya, terdapat 8 ekor kucing yang positif terinfeksi ektoparasit sebesar 4 ekor (pinjal (Ctenocephalides felis), dan 4 ekor kucing terinfestasi kutu (Felicola subrata). Hasil dari pemeriksaan jamur menggunakan woodlamp menunjukkan sejumlah 7 kucing (14 %) secara kualitatif terdeteksi adanya jamur, dengan adanya warna hijau berpendar pada kulit yang dilakukan pemeriksaan menggunakan Woodlamp. Prevalensi dari infestasi ektoparasit pada kucing yaitu 16%. Sedangkan kucing lainnya tidak terinfeksi oleh parasit (84%). Sehingga terdapat infestasi ektoparasit pada kucing domestik di Kota Surabaya. Jenis ektoparasit yang ditemukan yaitu pinjal Ctenocephalides felis sebagai ektoparasit dominan, berikutnya yaitu kutu Felicola subrostrate. Hasil pemeriksaan tidak ditemukan tungau. Dermatofitosis dengan pemeriksaan Woodlamp hanya 14 %. Kata kunci: Dermatofitosis; Kucing; Woodlamp

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Copyright of Argentinian Horticulture / Horticultura Argentina is the property of Revista Horticultura Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Argentinian Horticulture / Horticultura Argentina is the property of Revista Horticultura Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte is the property of Centro Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)