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Simple Summary: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women. Breast tumors can be grouped in, at least, three different molecular subtypes, including luminal, HER2+ and triple negative subtypes. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a mechanism for Ca2+ influx that supports a variety of cancer hallmarks in breast cancer cells. The key molecular players of SOCE are the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor STIM1 and the highly Ca2+-selective Orai1 channels in the plasma membrane. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the functional role of extended synaptotagmins 1 and 2 in the activation of SOCE by facilitating the tethering of the plasma membrane and the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Our results indicate that extended synaptotagmins 1 and 2 are required for SOCE, migration and viability in luminal MCF7 and triple negative breast cancer cells, without having any effect on SOCE in non-tumoral breast epithelial cells. Extended synaptotagmins (E-Syts) are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated proteins that facilitate the tethering of the ER to the plasma membrane (PM), participating in lipid transfer between the membranes and supporting the Orai1–STIM1 interaction at ER–PM junctions. Orai1 and STIM1 are the core proteins of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), a major mechanism for Ca2+ influx that regulates a variety of cellular functions. Aberrant modulation of SOCE in cells from different types of cancer has been reported to underlie the development of several tumoral features. Here we show that estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer MCF7 and T47D cells and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells overexpress E-Syt1 and E-Syt2 at the protein level; the latter is also overexpressed in the TNBC BT20 cell line. E-Syt1 and E-Syt2 knockdown was without effect on SOCE in non-tumoral MCF10A breast epithelial cells and ER+ T47D breast cancer cells; however, SOCE was significantly attenuated in ER+ MCF7 cells and TNBC MDA-MB-231 and BT20 cells upon transfection with siRNA E-Syt1 or E-Syt2. Consistent with this, E-Syt1 and E-Syt2 knockdown significantly reduced cell migration and viability in ER+ MCF7 cells and the TNBC cells investigated. To summarize, E-Syt1 and E-Syt2 play a relevant functional role in breast cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multiple, large or giant congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are uncommon and affected patients can show progressive growth and thickening, associate neurocutaneous melanocytosis or develop melanoma. Current treatment modalities are mostly complex surgeries that frequently do not solve the disease and its risks completely. Thus, investigation on new treatment options for CMN and its complications must continue. MAPK pathway inhibitors are being investigated, also targeting PI3K‐AKT. Omipalisib (PI3K inhibitor, with no indications approved yet) has been studied for CMN in vitro and in mice with promising results. However, alpelisib, a PI3K inhibitor approved with an adequate safety profile for patients with severe manifestations of PROS (PIK3CA‐Related Overgrowth Spectrum), had not yet been tested for CMN. Objective: To evaluate the effect of alpelisib in nevocytes of congenital melanocytic nevi. Methods: Nevomelanocytic tissue samples of 10 patients were collected prospectively and, following a previously reported preclinical ex vivo model, explants were placed in organotypic culture for 5 days, with or without alpelisib. Consecutively, tissue sections were stained and using scanned images with Qupath and ImageJ softwares, representative regions from the dermis were analysed (using Wilcoxon test and Spearman's correlation). Results: When comparing alpelisib‐treated explants with respect to control explants, we found a decrease in cell density (p = 0.0273), in density of SOX10+‐cells (p = 0.0391) and also in the % of S‐100+ area (p = 0.0078), in alpelisib samples. The three markers showed a positive correlation (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study provides first‐time evidence that alpelisib induces nevocyte reduction in CMN from patient‐derived explants, probably inducted by autophagy. Alpelisib is an approved drug with an adequate safety profile used in another mosaicism affecting PI3K (PROS). Further studies are needed to evaluate its efficacy in treating CMN and potentially, their complications, either with local or systemic administration, alone or in combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Albino patients in rural Africa have a very high risk of skin cancer. We have conducted several cooperative campaigns in recent years focusing on the care of this population in a rural area of Malawi and have reached some important conclusions. Primary prevention is fundamental and, in addition to education, providing adequate clothing offers more sustainable and long-lasting photoprotection and is more effective than offering sunscreen sporadically. However, at present, secondary prevention focused on frequent follow-up and early diagnosis of treatable lesions is what really makes the difference in many patients affected by squamous cell carcinoma, who otherwise will eventually die. To achieve this, it is essential to have funding and local collaboration with a comprehensive organization prior to visits by using teledermatology and frequent campaigns of qualified health staff who, in addition, help in the training of local personnel. Background: We have conducted cooperative campaigns focusing on albino patients in a rural area of Malawi. What have we learned? Methods: Three surgical campaigns were performed in Nkhotakota district (2019–2023). Albino clinical and tumor characteristics were collected. Results: Between 22 and 75 albinos were evaluated in each campaign (mean age < 28 years old). Most patients did not use sunscreen in a way that provided optimal photoprotection. Regarding tumors, the proportion of basal and squamous cell carcinomas ranged from 1:1 to almost 2:1. Of 156 albino patients, 34 attended more than once. However, of the 19 patients with 30 tumors operated on in 2021, only seven were assessed the following year (12 were lost to follow-up). At least 14 albinos with locally advanced tumors were evaluated. Conclusions: Distributing photoprotective clothing could be more efficient or perhaps an earlier measure of sunscreen in rural Africa as it does not require permanent repositioning. Very-high-risk patients (previous interventions with positive margins or high-risk tumors, intense actinic damage, and new tumors constantly appearing, especially those presenting SCCs) require close follow-up and treatment and represent our main target. Secondary prevention with Malawian collaboration and the use of teledermatology is essential for patient tracking, as they are able to offer curative treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: The preferred reconstructive option for closing small- or medium-sized defects of the distal half of the nose is the use of local flaps. The dorsal nasal (Rieger) flap is suitable for closing medium-sized defects at this location, especially when they are medially located, and are wider rather than tall. We describe a rotation–transposition dorsal nasal flap reconstruction for large nasal defects. The novelty of this design includes the addition of a small transposition lobe to the rotation flap, enabling the acquisition of tissue from either the lateral sidewall or the nasolabial sulcus, facilitating closure with guitar-string sutures. (2) Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all the patients with large defects (>20 mm) of the nose who underwent nasal dorsum rotation–transposition flap repair between January 2019 and November 2022 at a single academic center. (3) Results: Fourteen patients (eight males, six females; ages 47–83, mean age 60 years) with defects (range: 20.00–35.00 mm) on the dorsum and nasal tip were recruited. Follow-up duration ranged from 12 months to 3 years, with all cases showing good or excellent oncologic and cosmetic results. (4) Conclusions: The rotation–transposition dorsal nasal flap was demonstrated to be a reproducible one-stage technique for large defects of the dorsum and nasal tip, with minimal risk of aesthetic or functional complications. Guitar-string sutures allowed the reduction of the defect size, facilitating a smaller flap design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Neonatal platelets present a reduced response to the platelet agonist, thrombin (Thr), thus resulting in a deficient Thr‐induced aggregation. These alterations are more pronounced in premature newborns. Here, our aim was to uncover the causes underneath the impaired Ca2+ homeostasis described in neonatal platelets. Both Ca2+ mobilization and Ca2+ influx in response to Thr are decreased in neonatal platelets compared to maternal and control woman platelets. In neonatal platelets, we observed impaired Ca2+ mobilization in response to the PAR‐1 agonist (SFLLRN) or by blocking SERCA3 function with tert‐butylhydroquinone. Regarding SOCE, the STIM1 regulatory protein, SARAF, was found overexpressed in neonatal platelets, promoting an increase in STIM1/SARAF interaction even under resting conditions. Additionally, higher interaction between SARAF and PDCD61/ALG2 was also observed, reducing SARAF ubiquitination and prolonging its half‐life. These results were reproduced by overexpressing SARAF in MEG01 and DAMI cells. Finally, we also observed that pannexin 1 permeability is enhanced in response to Thr in control woman and maternal platelets, but not in neonatal platelets, hence, leading to the deregulation of the Ca2+ entry found in neonatal platelets. Summarizing, we show that in neonatal platelets both Ca2+ accumulation in the intracellular stores and Thr‐evoked Ca2+ entry through either capacitative channels or non‐selective channels are altered in neonatal platelets, contributing to deregulated Ca2+ homeostasis in neonatal platelets and leading to the altered aggregation observed in these subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rabbit sector has proposed sausages as a suitable presentation format to increase rabbit meat consumption among young people in a context in which it is declining in several traditionally-consuming countries. In order to confirm its suitability in this context, this work compares the acceptability and preference of commercial fresh rabbit sausages with those of chicken and pork meat, using an untrained panel of 70 young Spanish consumers (22.1 yr old on average; 57.1% male and 42.9% female). In the first part of the trial, cooked sausages were evaluated for: a) acceptability of organoleptic characteristics (odour, colour, appearance, texture, flavour, elasticity and juiciness) and the overall rating using a 9-point hedonic scale, and b) order of preference of sausages (first to third). Overall acceptance and sensory attributes were rated in the medium-high range (6.1-7.9 points) and differed among the cooked sausages, except for odour and appearance. Rabbit sausage was rated at the same level as chicken and pork sausages in terms of odour, appearance, texture, flavour and overall assessment, outperformed pork sausage in colour, elasticity and juiciness acceptance, and was only rated lower than chicken sausage in terms of juiciness. Cooked chicken sausage was preferred in first place, followed by rabbit sausage, while pork sausage came last. In the second part of the trial, raw sausages were evaluated visually for: a) acceptability of colour and visual appearance, and b) order of preference of the sausages. No difference was found between the raw sausages in terms of colour, while the appearance of the raw pork sausage was rated better than that of the rabbit and chicken sausages, with no difference between the latter two. The visual appearance of the raw pork sausage was ranked first, followed by the chicken sausage, while the raw rabbit sausage came last. Only 40% of the young panellists could identify the meat ingredient of the rabbit sausage in both cooked and raw sausages. No interaction was found between the type of sausage and the gender of the panellists in evaluation of either the cooked or raw sausages. Young women rated the texture, flavour, elasticity, juiciness and overall assessment of the cooked sausages lower than men, regardless of meat type, whereas no gender difference was found for the visual assessment of the raw sausages. In conclusion, cooked rabbit sausage was accepted as well as chicken sausage overall and better than pork sausage, while raw rabbit sausage was accepted as well as chicken sausage overall and worse than pork sausage in the visual assessment, showing its potential to promote rabbit meat consumption among young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconstruction of the auricular concha poses a challenge due to its difficult access and limited tissue flexibility; however, there are no recommendations in the literature on which reconstructive technique should be favored for this anatomical site. This systematic review intends to describe and compare the reconstructive techniques used in conchal bowl reconstruction following cutaneous oncologic surgery of this region, with regard to their complications and aesthetic results. In doing so, we aim to identify the best suited reconstructive procedure(s) for the conchal bowl. The six databases searched (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid, SciELO, and CENTRAL) yielded twelve eligible studies that explored the revolving door flap, split-thickness skin grafts (STSG), full-thickness skin grafts (FTSG), second intention healing, the preauricular translocation flap, subcutaneous pedicle grafts, and other local flaps. Qualitative synthesis of the results concluded that the revolving door flap could be the reconstructive procedure of choice for the auricular concha, following skin cancer excision. It has a low risk of necrosis, infection, and postoperative hemorrhage, as well as excellent aesthetic outcomes. STSG may be used as an alternative. Nonetheless, due to the low sample size and the high risk of bias in some studies, further investigations must be conducted on this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxia is considered to be a stressful physiological condition, which may occur during labor and the later stages of pregnancy as a result of, among other reasons, an aged placenta. Therefore, when gestation or labor is prolonged, low oxygen supply to the tissues may last for minutes, and newborns may present breathing problems and may require resuscitation maneuvers. As a result, poor oxygen supply to tissues and to circulating cells may last for longer periods of time, leading to life-threatening conditions. In contrast to the well-known platelet activation that occurs after reperfusion of the tissues due to an ischemia/reperfusion episode, platelet alterations in response to reduced oxygen exposition following labor have been less frequently investigated. Newborns overcome temporal hypoxic conditions by changing their organ functions or by adaptation of the intracellular molecular pathways. In the present review, we aim to analyze the main platelet modifications that appear at the protein level during hypoxia in order to highlight new platelet markers linked to complications arising from temporal hypoxic conditions during labor. Thus, we demonstrate that hypoxia modifies the expression and activity of hypoxic-response proteins (HRPs), including hypoxia-induced factor (HIF-1), endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1 (Ero1), and carbonic anhydrase (CIX). Finally, we provide updates on research related to the regulation of platelet function due to HRP activation, as well as the role of HRPs in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Repairing lower extremity defects presents challenges due to the scarcity of available local tissue. Skin grafting is a widely employed technique for addressing non-healing ulcers, improving the quality of life of patients and minimizing discomfort. However, using traditional donor sites, such as the thigh, can hinder mobility and result in noticeable scarring and pigmentation changes. Objectives: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a novel approach utilizing autologous ultra-thin split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs) harvested from the scalp using a disposable, commercially available razor blade named DermaBlade. Methods: Fifteen patients (median age: 72 years, eight males and seven females) with diverse lower limb lesions, including carcinomas and ulcers of varying etiologies, were prospectively enrolled. Donor sites included the sideburn extending to the hairy temporal skin (nine cases) and hairy occipital skin (six cases). Ultra-thin skin strips (<0.2 mm thick) were obtained from the scalp through the use of the disposable flexible blade DermaBlade. The strips were positioned over the receptor area with no sutures in most cases and secured using dressings. A substantial majority of patients (90%) achieved successful graft take with no complications. Swift re-epithelialization occurred within a median of 12 days for the donor site and 24 days for the receptor site. No hair transfer or alopecic scars were noted. Conclusions: In contrast to traditional grafting methods, DermaBlade-assisted scalp grafting yields highly viable STSGs that adhere to wound beds without the need for sutures. Notable advantages of this technique encompass rapid wound healing, minimal complications, and superior cosmetic outcomes. Furthermore, it avoids scarring and alopecia, making it a promising approach for addressing lower extremity defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The Utrerana chicken is an endangered breed native to Southern Spain. Its constitution and selection by a poultry farmer began in Utrera (Seville province) in the mid-1920s starting from backyard hens that laid large eggs. By the 1950s, the breed achieved an average laying yield of 180 eggs per hen and year, an optimal performance that allowed it to compete with other breeds of laying hens used in this period in commercial poultry farming. However, along with other native breeds, it was displaced from commercial use in the second half of the 20th century when improved foreign breeds and lines, which were much more productive, spread. The Utrerana breed was relegated from then on to backyard rearing and for its aesthetic values, having drastically reduced its census and worsened its laying performance as selection for productivity ceased. However, the relevance of the Utrerana chicken breed is such that conservation programs are being carried out and it was recently included in the Official Catalogue of Livestock Breeds of Spain. In this context, this article reviews the origin, selection, genetic characterisation and productive performance of the Utrerana chicken breed, evaluating the current status of this Spanish poultry genetic resource. The conservation of threatened local livestock genetic resources involves characterising them to implement conservation strategies. The Utrerana is a Mediterranean-type chicken breed, included in the Official Catalogue of Livestock Breeds of Spain and in the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS) of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), native to south Spain created in 1926 by a farmer from Utrera (Seville province). It was selected for laying performance and with four plumage varieties (White, Black, Black-barred and Partridge), reaching average yields of 180 eggs per hen per year. It was widely used in commercial farming in the second quarter of the 20th century, being subsequently displaced in the second half of the 20th century by the spreading of the improved foreign breeds and lines. The Utrerana breed was reared from then on for its aesthetic values and in backyard systems, being endangered with a vulnerable local risk status (1822 birds in 2022 with an increasing trend) and having worsened its laying performance as selection for productivity ceased. The breed has received little attention from the research community. Therefore, this work aims to review the literature on the origin, selection, genetic and productive characterisation and status of the populations of the breed, as well as the conservation strategies. The Utrerana chicken is a polymorphic breed showing high genetic diversity, sexual dimorphism and morpho-functional differences among varieties. Currently, Utrerana hens start laying at 6 months of age, and a hen lays 94–121 high quality eggs (59–64 g) per year, showing seasonality. It is a slow-growing breed with mature weights of 2.4–2.6 kg for roosters and 1.9–2.0 g for hens. The Utrerana chicken breed is rustic and adapted to alternative farming systems. This review has identified research gaps to be filled, such as characterising the carcass and meat quality of the Utrerana chicken, and evidences the need to make efforts to promote the breed and expand its populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The STIM family of proteins plays a crucial role in a plethora of cellular functions through the regulation of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and, thus, intracellular calcium homeostasis. The two members of the mammalian STIM family, STIM1 and STIM2, are transmembrane proteins that act as Ca2+ sensors in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and, upon Ca2+ store discharge, interact with and activate the Orai/CRACs in the plasma membrane. Dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling leads to the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and immune disorders. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying Ca2+ signaling pathways is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies targeting these diseases. This review focuses on several rare conditions associated with STIM1 mutations that lead to either gain- or loss-of-function, characterized by myopathy, hematological and immunological disorders, among others, and due to abnormal activation of CRACs. In addition, we summarize the current evidence concerning STIM2 allele duplication and deletion associated with language, intellectual, and developmental delay, recurrent pulmonary infections, microcephaly, facial dimorphism, limb anomalies, hypogonadism, and congenital heart defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The forehead and temporal region are frequent areas of skin cancer development. After tumor removal, reconstruction must be performed, maintaining the frontal–temporal line of the scalp and symmetry of the eyebrows in an attempt to hide the scars within these marks or natural folds and wrinkles. Second wound healing and skin grafts generally do not produce an acceptable cosmetic result. When direct closure is not possible, the technique of choice is skin flaps. In the midfrontal line continuation of the glabella, there is a remnant of skin to be used as a donor area for local flaps; similarly, it occurs in the preauricular cheek, which can move toward the temple. In addition to the classic advancement and rotation flaps, the frontalis myocutaneous transposition flap is an excellent technique for closing defects which are wider than higher on the forehead. Its design is very versatile and can be performed between the two pupil lines at different heights depending on the location of the defect. On the other hand, the preauricular skin advancement flap with an infralobular Burow's triangle is also an excellent option for reconstructing tumors in the temporal area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is still a need to develop a simple algorithm to identify patients likely to need complex Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and optimize MMS schedule. The main objectives of this study are to identify factors associated with a complex MMS and develop a predictor model of the number of stages needed in surgery and the need for a complex closure. Materials and Methods: A nationwide prospective cohort study (REGESMOHS, the Spanish Mohs surgery registry) was conducted including all patients with a histological diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Factors related to three or more stages and a complex closure (that needing a flap and/or a graft) were explored and predictive models were constructed and validated to construct the REGESMOSH scale. Results: A total of 5226 patients that underwent MMS were included in the REGESMOHS registry, with 4402 (84%) having a histological diagnosis of BCC. A total of 3689 (88.9%) surgeries only needed one or two stages and 460 (11.1%) required three or more stages. A model to predict the need for three or more stages included tumour dimension, immunosuppression, recurrence, location in risk areas, histological aggressiveness and previous surgery. Regarding the closure type, 1616 (38.8%) surgeries were closed using a non‐complex closure technique and 2552 (61.2%) needed a complex closure. A model to predict the need for a complex closure included histological aggressiveness, evolution time, patient age, maximum tumour dimension and location. Conclusion: We present a model to predict MMS needing ≥3 stages and a complex closure based on epidemiological and clinical data validated in a large population (with real practice variability) including different centres that could be easily implemented in clinical practice. This model could be used to optimize surgery schedule and properly inform patients about the surgery duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In alternative poultry production systems, a key aspect for the viability of the hatching egg is its storage before incubation, its management being less standardized than in intensive poultry farming. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of the long-term storage of game farmed quail eggs by testing storage periods of up to 35 days at 15.8 °C and 80% relative humidity. It was found that the hatchability was maintained in eggs stored up to 28 days and decreased when storage was extended to 35 days. The eggs progressively lost more weight as the storage time increased, producing chicks with lower weight from eggs stored for more than 14 days and with lower relative chick weight in those stored for 35 days. The length of the incubation period increased progressively with storage time, while hatching synchrony decreased. In conclusion, if necessary for management reasons, game quail hatching eggs can be stored without relevant loss of viability for up to 28 days before incubation. The practical implications are that this ensures a long market life when hatching eggs are sold and allows small farms to collect enough eggs over an extended period to fully set an incubator. The long-term storage of eggs before incubation is a common practice in some alternative poultry systems but needs to be performed under conditions that preserve egg viability. The effects of the long-term storage of game farmed quail (Coturnix coturnix) eggs on weight loss during the storage and incubation periods, chick weight at hatch, hatchability, and incubation length were investigated. The eggs were arranged in six treatments submitted to 0-, 7-, 14-, 21-, 28-, and 35-day storage periods at 15.8 °C and 80% relative humidity. The storage length reduced the hatchability of eggs (p < 0.05) when the storage was extended to 35 days, decreasing by more than half compared to eggs stored up to 28 days. Egg weight loss during storage progressively increased with the storage length (p < 0.05). Chick weight at hatching was reduced in eggs stored for more than 14 days (p < 0.05), and relative chick weight decreased significantly in eggs stored for 35 days (p < 0.05). Incubation length progressively increased with the storage length (p < 0.05), achieving less hatching synchrony in eggs stored for a longer time (p < 0.05). In conclusion, game quail eggs store well with little deterioration up to 28 days at 15.8 °C and 80% relative humidity, allowing for extended storage when shipping long-shelf-life eggs or assembling batches large enough to fully set an incubator in farms with small breeding flocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellitosis or in-transit metastasis (S-ITM) has clinical outcomes comparable to node-positivity in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). There is a need to stratify the risk groups. To determine which prognostic factors of S-ITM confer an increased risk of relapse and cSCC-specific–death. A retrospective, multicenter cohort study. Patients with cSCC developing S-ITM were included. Multivariate competing risk analysis evaluated which factors were associated with relapse and specific death. Of a total of 111 patients with cSCC and S-ITM, 86 patients were included for analysis. An S-ITM size of ≥20 mm, >5 S-ITM lesions, and a primary tumor deep invasion was associated with an increased cumulative incidence of relapse (subhazard ratio [SHR]: 2.89 [95% CI, 1.44-5.83; P =.003], 2.32 [95% CI, 1.13-4.77; P =.021], and 2.863 [95% CI, 1.25-6.55; P =.013]), respectively. Several >5 S-ITM lesions were also associated with an increased probability of specific death (SHR: 3.48 [95% CI, 1.18-10.2; P =.023]). Retrospective study and heterogeneity of treatments. The size and the number of S-ITM lesions confer an increased risk of relapse and the number of S-ITM an increased risk of specific-death in patients with cSCC presenting with S-ITM. These results provide new prognostic information and can be considered in the staging guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study evaluates the occurrence of second primary neoplasms (SPNs) in individuals with a history of melanoma (MM) and identify factors that increase the risk in our population. A prospective cohort study was conducted, involving 529 MM survivors from January 2005 to August 2021. Among the 529 patients, 89 were diagnosed with SPNs, with 62 being skin tumors and 37 being solid organ tumors. The estimated probability of developing SPNs after MM diagnosis was found to increase over time, reaching 4.1% at 1 year, 11% at 5 years, and 19% at 10 years. Several factors were significantly associated with a higher risk of SPNs, including older age, primary MM location on the face or neck, and the histologic subtype of lentigo maligna MM. We conclude that individuals with primary MM located on the face and neck, as well as those with the histological subtype of lentigo maligna-MM, have a higher risk of developing SPNs. Age also independently influences the risk. Understanding these risk factors can assist in developing MM guidelines that provide specific follow-up recommendations for individuals at the highest risk. (1) Introduction: The association between melanoma (MM) and the occurrence of second primary neoplasms (SPNs) has been extensively studied, with reported incidence rates ranging from 1.5% to 20%. This study aims to evaluate the occurrence of SPNs in patients with a history of primary MM and to describe the factors that make the risk higher in our population. (2) Material and Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study and calculated the incidence rates and relative risks (RR) for the development of different SPNs in 529 MM survivors from 1 January 2005 to 1 August 2021. Survival and mortality rates were obtained, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the demographic and MM-related factors that influence the overall risk. (3) Results: Among the 529 patients included, 89 were diagnosed with SPNs (29 prior to MM diagnosis, 11 synchronous, and 49 after MM), resulting in 62 skin tumors and 37 solid organ tumors. The estimated probability of developing SPNs after MM diagnosis was 4.1% at 1 year, 11% at 5 years, and 19% at 10 years. Older age, primary MM location on the face or neck, and histologic subtype of lentigo maligna mm were significantly associated with a higher risk of SPNs. (4) Conclusions: In our population, the risk of developing SPNs was higher in patients with primary MM located on the face and neck and with the histological subtype of lentigo maligna-MM. Age also independently influences the risk. Understanding these hazard factors can aid in the development of MM guidelines with specific follow-up recommendations for individuals with the highest risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Simple Summary: In recent decades, populations of several game species in the wild have decreased, which has given rise to the creation of game farms that produce birds to be released in, and to restock, hunting preserves. Some game farming sectors are well known and developed, but in Spain, quail game farms have received little attention in terms of research. To address this gap in the literature, we characterised the Spanish quail game farm sector by administering a survey to farmers. We found that complete-cycle farms, of very different sizes, coexist with a majority of farms that do not have breeding flock, and which carry out only the finishing phase of quail raising. These farms mainly produce quails with good flying abilities that are primarily intended to be released for intensive hunting and shooting practices, rather than for restocking hunting preserves. Quails are sold almost all year round, and the farms also offer complementary services to clients, such as transporting birds to their destination, or organising bird releases at the customer's hunting preserve. Quail game farms use various channels to promote themselves in a competitive market. These game farms originated in Spain five decades ago, which has led to the creation of a consolidated sector. Quail (Coturnix genus) game farms were characterised in Spain using variables related to their age, geographical distribution, farmed species, structure, size, and commercialisation, using a survey conducted on 21 farms in 2018. It was found that 38.1% of the sample represented complete-cycle farms, and 61.9%, which have no breeding flocks, undertook only the finishing phase of quail raising. The average size of the breeding flock, with regard to complete-cycle farms, was 1096 males and 3735 females, with a female/male ratio of 3.6, and 75% of these farms carried out self-replacement of breeding quails. The most farmed species was European quail (Coturnix coturnix), followed by Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), and hybrids of both species. In addition to quail, all farms produced other gamebird species such as pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa). The rearing phase, which began when the chicks were one-day-old, lasted 35.3 days on average (range: 25–49 days), with an average stocking density of 47.2 birds/m2 in the brooder house. The finishing phase, which was carried out in flying pens at a stocking density of 9.5 birds/m2, ended when the quails' average age was 60.5 days. All farms sold quails for release in hunting reserves (EUR 1.54 per bird) and for dog training (EUR 1.65 per bird) for almost 10 months of the year; only 62% sold quails for shooting after being thrown with an adapted clay-pigeon shooting machine (EUR 1.49 per bird). Transporting quails to their destination (95.2% of the farms) and releasing the birds in the client's hunting preserve (52.4% of the farms) were services offered by the farms, among others. The main advertising and promotional strategies undertaken by the quail game farms to gain a share of the market included maintaining a business website (85.7% of the farms) and attending game and agricultural fairs (47.6% of the farms). In conclusion, this alternative poultry sector has been consolidated in Spain, five decades since the establishment of the first game farms, and it satisfies a relevant part of the demand for quail hunting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hatching synchrony is a desirable trait in the artificial incubation of eggs because it permits the simultaneous extraction of all the chicks from the hatcher, thus minimizing extraction queues. This study aimed at evaluating the effects on egg performance, incubation length, and hatching synchrony of different sibling contact regimes during the incubation in red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) eggs. To achieve these objectives, 196 eggs were arranged in four treatments according to the sibling eggs contact regime: (a) eggs without contact during the whole incubation process; (b) eggs in contact during the incubation phase (from day 1 to 20 of incubation); (c) eggs in contact during the hatching phase (from day 20 of incubation to hatching); (d) eggs in permanent contact throughout the incubation process (from day 1 of incubation to hatching). Development stage at embryonic mortality, hatchability, and egg weight loss during incubation were not affected, but incubation length was shortened and hatching synchrony was increased in eggs in contact during the hatching phase. The main conclusion was that keeping red-legged partridge eggs in close contact during the hatching stage in the artificial incubation does not affect hatchability but allows hatching synchrony to be maximized, facilitating the handling of 1 day old chicks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We recently reported that store-operated [Ca.sub.2+] entry (SOCE) in nonexcitable cells is likely to be mediated by a reversible interaction between [Ca.sub.2+] channels in the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum, a mechanism known as 'secretion-like coupling.' As lot secretion, in this model the actin cytoskeleton plays a key regulatory role. In the present study we have explored the involvement of the secretory proteins synaptosome-associated protein (SNAP-25) and vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) in SOCE in pancreatic acinar cells. Cleavage of SNAP-25 and VAMPs by treatment with botulinum toxin A (BoNT A) and tetanus toxin (TeTx), respectively, effectively inhibited amylase secretion stimulated by the physiological agonist CCK-8. BoNT A significantly reduced [Ca.sub.2+] entry induced by store depletion using thapsigargin or CCK-8. In addition, treatment with BoNT A once SOCE had been activated reduced [Ca.sub.2+] influx, indicating that SNAP-25 is needed for both the activation and maintenance of SOCE in pancreatic acinar cells. VAMP-2 and VAMP-3 are expressed in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Both proteins associate with the cytoskeleton upon [Ca.sub.2+] store depletion, although only VAMP-2 seems to be sensitive to TeTx. Treatment of pancreatic acinar cells with TeTx reduced the activation of SOCE without affecting its maintenance. These findings support a role for SNAP-25 and VAMP-2 in the activation of SOCE in pancreatic acinar cells and show parallels between this process and secretion in a specialized secretory cell type. synaptosome-associated protein; vesicle-associated membrane protein; pancreatic acinar cells; cytoskcleton; calcium entry

Background: Large prospective studies on the safety of Mohs micrographic (MMS) surgery are scarce, and most focus on a single type of surgical adverse event. Mid-term scar alterations and functional loss have not been described. Objectives: To describe the risk of MMS complications and the risk factors for them. Methods: A nationwide prospective cohort collected all adverse events on consecutive patients in 22 specialised centres. We used multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression to find out factors associated with adverse events. Results: 5,017 patients were included, with 14,421 patient-years of follow-up. 7.0% had some perioperative morbidity and 6.5% had mid-term and scar-related complications. The overall risk of complications was mainly associated with use of antiaggregant/anticoagulant and larger tumours, affecting deeper structures, not reaching a tumour-free border, and requiring complex repair. Age and outpatient setting were not linked to the incidence of adverse events. Risk factors for haemorrhage (0.9%) were therapy with antiaggregant/anticoagulants, tumour size, duration of surgery, and unfinished surgery. Wound necrosis (1.9%) and dehiscence (1.0%) were associated with larger defects and complex closures. Immunosuppression was only associated with an increased risk of necrosis. Surgeries reaching deeper structures, larger tumours and previous surgical treatments were associated with wound infection (0.9%). Aesthetic scar alterations (5.4%) were more common in younger patients, with larger tumours, in H-area, and in flap and complex closures. Risk factors for functional scar alterations (1.7%) were the need for general anaesthesia, larger tumours that had received previous surgery, and flaps or complex closures. Conclusions: MMS shows a low risk of complications. Most of the risk factors for complications were related to tumour size and depth, and the resulting need for complex surgery. Antiaggregant/anticoagulant intake was associated with a small increase in the risk of haemorrhage, that probably does not justify withdrawal. Age and outpatient setting were not linked to the risk of adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]