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19. Supplemental B-Vitamins and Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers in the Women's Health Initiative.

Author

Brasky, Theodore M., Ray, Roberta M., Newton, Alison M., Navarro, Sandi L., Schenk, Jeannette M., Loomans-Kropp, Holli A., Arthur, Rhonda S., Snetselaar, Linda G., Hays, John, and Neuhouser, Marian L.

Subjects
*STOMACH tumors, *VITAMIN B2, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *VITAMIN B6, *VITAMIN B12, *FOOD consumption, *DIETARY supplements, *VITAMIN B complex, *RISK assessment, *GASTROINTESTINAL tumors, *POSTMENOPAUSE, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *RESEARCH funding, *FOLIC acid, *ESOPHAGEAL tumors, *WOMEN'S health, *SECONDARY analysis, *PROPORTIONAL hazards models, *DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

B-vitamins contribute to DNA synthesis, maintenance, and regulation. Few studies have examined associations of supplemental sources of B-vitamins with the incidence of upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers [including gastric (GCA) and esophageal (ECA) cancers]; the only prior study to comprehensively examine such intakes reported potential elevated risks of ECA. We examined 159,401 postmenopausal women, ages 50–79 years at baseline, including 302 incident GCA and 183 incident ECA cases, over 19 years of follow-up within the Women's Health Initiative observational study and clinic trials. Adjusted Cox regression models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of supplemental B-vitamins [riboflavin (B2), pyridoxine (B6), folic acid (B9), or cobalamin (B12)] with GCA and ECA risk, respectively. Although HRs were generally below 1.0, we observed no statistically significant associations between supplemental intakes of any of the evaluated B-vitamins with the risk of GCA or ECA. As the first prospective study to comprehensively assess these associations, our findings do not corroborate prior research indicating potential harm from supplemental B-vitamin intake for upper GI cancer risk. This study adds evidence that supplemental intakes of B-vitamins may be used by postmenopausal women without regard to their relationship with upper GI cancer risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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36. Associations Between Changes in Loneliness and Social Connections, and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Women's Health Initiative.

Author

Goveas, Joseph S, Ray, Roberta M, Woods, Nancy F, Manson, JoAnn E, Kroenke, Candyce H, Michael, Yvonne L, Shadyab, Aladdin H, Meliker, Jaymie R, Chen, Jiu-Chiuan, Johnson, Lisa, Mouton, Charles, Saquib, Nazmus, Weitlauf, Julie, Wactawski-Wende, Jean, Naughton, Michelle, Shumaker, Sally, and Anderson, Garnet L

Subjects
*LONELINESS, *COVID-19 pandemic, *WOMEN'S health, *MENTAL health, *LIFE change events, *SOCIAL change
Abstract

Background: Older women have faced significant disruptions in social connections during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Whether loneliness increased or whether a change in loneliness from pre- to intrapandemic period was associated with mental health during the pandemic is unknown.Methods: Older women (n = 27 479; mean age 83.2 [SD: 5.4] years) completed surveys in mid-2020, including questions about loneliness, living arrangements, changes in social connections, and mental health. Loneliness was also previously assessed in 2014-2016. We examined whether loneliness changed from the pre- to intrapandemic period and explored factors associated with this change. In multivariable models, we investigated the association of changes in loneliness and social connections with mental health.Results: Loneliness increased from pre- to intrapandemic levels. Factors associated with worsening loneliness included older age, experiencing stressful life events, bereavement, histories of vascular disease and depression, and social connection disruptions. Factors associated with a decrease in loneliness included identifying as Black, engaging in more frequent physical activity, being optimistic, and having a higher purpose in life. A 3-point increase in loneliness scores was associated with higher perceived stress, higher depressive, and higher anxiety symptoms. Social connection disruptions showed modest or no associations with mental health.Conclusions: Loneliness increased during the pandemic in older women and was associated with higher stress, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. Our findings point to opportunities for interventions targeting lifestyle behaviors, well-being, disrupted social connections, and paying closer attention to those with specific medical and mental health histories that may reduce loneliness and improve mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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