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The disposal of high-level nuclear waste (HLW) presents major challenges due to the presence of a wide range of long-lived radionuclides, necessitating the development of an effective and safe disposal strategy. SrLnTh(PO4)3 (Ln = La–Gd) system was examined to understand the impact of lanthanides on the structure and thermodynamic stability as a host matrix for HLW immobilisation. Solid-state method was used for the synthesis and, powder X-ray diffraction with infrared spectroscopy techniques for their characterization. All compounds were found to crystallize in monazite-type phase with cations Mn+ (Sr2+, Ln3+ and Th4+) randomly occupying the same lattice site, forming MO9 polyhedron. Heat capacities were measured using differential scanning calorimeter. Dissolution enthalpies were measured using solution calorimeter in lead-borate solvent kept at 1067 K and used for determination of enthalpy of formation of the compounds from their constituent oxides ( Δ H f-ox o ) and elements ( Δ H f-ele o ) at 298 K. The results indicate that the enthalpy of formation progressively becomes less exothermic from La3+ to Gd3+ ions, which is also supported by lattice energy calculation using Born–Haber cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common and debilitating condition associated with disease, bed rest, and inactivity. We aimed to investigate the effect of atenolol (ATN) on cast immobilization (IM)-induced skeletal muscle loss. (2) Methods: Eighteen male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups: a control group, an IM group (14 days), and an IM+ATN group (10 mg/kg, orally for 14 days). After the last dose of atenolol, forced swimming test, rotarod test, and footprint analysis were performed, and skeletal muscle loss was determined. Animals were then sacrificed. Serum and gastrocnemius (GN) muscles were then collected, serum creatinine, GN muscle antioxidant, and oxidative stress levels were determined, and histopathology and 1H NMR profiling of serum metabolites were performed. (3) Results: Atenolol significantly prevented immobilization-induced changes in creatinine, antioxidant, and oxidative stress levels. Furthermore, GN muscle histology results showed that atenolol significantly increased cross-sectional muscle area and Feret's diameter. Metabolomics profiling showed that glutamine-to-glucose ratio and pyruvate, succinate, valine, citrate, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, acetone, serine, and 3-hydroxybutyrate levels were significantly higher, that alanine and proline levels were significantly lower in the IM group than in the control group, and that atenolol administration suppressed these metabolite changes. (4) Conclusions: Atenolol reduced immobilization-induced skeletal muscle wasting and might protect against the deleterious effects of prolonged bed rest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Obesity and Type II Diabetes Mellitus are increasing in epidemic proportions worldwide, and both increase the incidence of cardiovascular events. Type II DM has long been recognized as a risk factor for stroke, and its association with all-cause mortality is also widely acknowledged. Aims:To know the relation of Body Mass Index to systemic hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia (triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol Materials and Methods: Either in patients or out patients of systemic hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia coming to Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna. During the period April 2021 to October 2022.110 Patients were included in this study Result: In our study also showed that mean Triglyceride in BMI <25 was 128.56, in BMI 25 - 29.9 was 140.08 and in BMI >30was 175.67. Mean TG was increases with the increase of BMI. Mean HDL in BMI <25 was 58.80, in BMI 25 - 29.9 was 52.71 and in BMI >30was 44.17. Mean HDL was decreases with the increase of BMI. Mean LDL in BMI <25 was 107.87, in BMI 25 - 29.9 was 122.00 and in BMI >30was 153.83. Mean LDL was increases with the increase of BMI. Mean Total Cholesterol (TC) in BMI <25 was 186.31, in BMI 25 - 29.9 was 200.53 and in BMI >30was 231.67. Mean TC was increases with the increase of BMI. Conclusion: Present study highlights the implication of BMI in day-to-day clinical practice in detecting the patients with high chronic diseases risk like hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbes have potential to convert non-toxic azo dyes into hazardous products in the environment. However, the role of microbes in biotransforming such presumably non-toxic dyes has not been given proper attention, thereby, questions the environmental safety of such compounds. The present study assessed salinity driven microbial degradation of an unregulated azo dye, Acid orange 7 (AO7), under moderately halophilic conditions of textile effluent. The halophilic microbial consortium from effluent decolorized ~97% AO7 (50–500 mg L −1 ). The consortium efficiently decolorized the dye at different pH (5–8) and salinity (5–18% NaCl). The 16S rRNA sequence analyses confirmed the presence of Halomonas and Escherichia in the consortium. The FTIR and GC-MS analyses suggested microbial consortium degrade AO7 following symmetric and asymmetric cleavage and yield carcinogenic/mutagenic aromatic byproducts viz. aniline, 1-amino-2-naphthol, naphthalene, and phenyldiazene. In contrast to AO7, the biodegraded products caused molecular, cellular and organism level toxicity. The degraded products significantly reduced: radicle length in root elongation assay; shoot length/biomass in plant growth assays; and caused chromosomal abnormalities and reduced mitotic index in Allium cepa bioassay. We demonstrated that under saline conditions of textile effluent, halophilic microbes convert a presumably non-toxic azo dye into hazardous products. The study calls to review the current toxicity classification of azo dyes and develop environmentally sound regulatory policies by incorporating the role of environmental factors in governing dye toxicity, for environmental safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As per United Nations World Tourism Organization there has been a moderate but constant growth in the travel and tourism industry worldwide and India is not untouched by this. When there is a discussion about tourism industry on any platform, the discussion would be incomplete without the incorporation of hotel industry which is an integral part like heart to the human body. Tourism is a leisure activity and in the present scenario when people move out they are a part of either inbound or outbound tourism. This tourist movement from one destination to the other enhances the graph of tourism, revenue and job opportunity which are interrelated. This paper not only focuses on how India is making its presence felt on the International tourism map but as well as the role of hotel & tourism industry in the Indian economy. The demand supply gap in India is a reality on ground zero which cannot be ignored. The Indian government E-visa for forty three nations is a step towards promoting India as a tourist hub. The paper also aims to seek those steps and measures being taken by the new government at the centre which will boost up the infrastructure and facilities in the hotel as well as tourism field and as a result more revenue would be generated. For the set objectives secondary data has been collected through newspapers, magazines, website, and research papers. After analyzing the facts and figures it can be said that the role of tourism in GDP contribution is getting large day by day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azo dyes account for >70% of the global industrial demand (∼9 million tons). Owing to their genotoxic/carcinogenic potential, the annual disposal of ∼4,500,000 tons of dyes and/or degraded products is an environmental and socio-economic concern. In comparison to physico-chemical methods, microbe-mediated dye degradation is considered to be low-input, cost-effective and environmentally-safe. However, under different environmental conditions, interactions of chemically diverse dyes with metabolically diverse microbes produce metabolites of varying toxicity. In addition, majority of studies on microbial dye-degradation focus on decolorization with least attention towards detoxification. Therefore, the environmental significance of microbial dye detoxification research of past >3 decades is critically evaluated with reference to dye structure and the possible influence of microbial interactions in different environments. In the absence of ecosystem-based studies, the results of laboratory-based studies on dye degradation, metabolite production and their genotoxic impact on model organisms are used to predict the possible fate and consequences of azo dyes/metabolites in the environment. In such studies, the predominance of fewer numbers of toxicological assays that too at lower levels of biological organization (molecular/cellular/organismic) suggests its limited ecological significance. Based on critical evaluation of these studies the recommendations on inclusion of multilevel approach (assessment at multiple levels of biological organization), multispecies microcosm approach and native species approach in conjunction with identification of dye metabolites have been made for future studies. Such studies will bridge the gap between the fundamental knowledge on dye-microbe-environment interactions and its application to combat dye-induced environmental toxicity. Thus an environmental perspective on dye toxicity in the background of dye structure and effects of environmental processes has been developed. Based on past 3 decades of research on microbial dye detoxification, the current state of knowledge has been analyzed, environmental relevance of these studies was ascertained, research gaps in microbe-mediated azo dye detoxification have been identified and a research framework emphasizing a better understanding of complex interactions between dye-microbe and environmental processes has been proposed. It provides directions for undertaking environmentally sound microbial dye detoxification research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] of Th2P3O13H3(cr), Th2P3O12H(cr), α-Th4P6O23(cr) and β-Th4P6O23(cr) were measured. [•] Thermo-chemical reaction scheme was formulated to calculate the standard molar enthalpy of formation of β-Th4(PO4)4P2O7(cr). [•] The thermodynamic functions of the compounds present in Th-P-O and Th-P-H2O systems have been estimated. [•] The Gibbs phase diagram and predominant area diagrams for Th-P-O system have been calculated. [•] E H–pH diagram of Th-P-H2O system has been computed to determine stability of β-Th4P6O23(cr) in the ground water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of hair dyeing is a rapidly expanding industry on a global scale; however, it has become a major concern for Asian countries because they have been undergoing rapid transformations of their environment and lifestyles. While the socio-economic benefits and impacts of this globalization trend are widely understood, the environmental effects are largely unknown. In particular, commonly available oxidative dyes potentially pose specific environmental risks due to their use of a toxic aromatic amine p-Phenylenediamine (PPD). In investigating the environmental impacts of PPD chemicals, we first provide context to the study by setting out the socio-psychological drivers to industrial expansion in Asian countries along with an overview of research into its effects, to show that its environmental impacts are under-researched. We then investigate the environmental toxicity of PPD by focusing on the role of microbes in metabolizing waste products. Results show that Acinetobacter baumannii EB1 isolated from dye effluent prevents autoxidation of PPD under oxygen-enriched (shaking) or oxygen-deficient (static) conditions representing different environmental settings. Microbes transformed PPD into more toxic metabolites, which then significantly reduced plant growth, thereby having a direct bearing on ecosystem services. Based on the findings, we argue that stricter regulatory controls on hair dye wastewater are necessary, particularly in newly industrialising Asian countries where the expansion of commercial practice is most prevalent. • Bacteria transform paraphenylenediamine (PPD) into more toxic by-products. • Changing life-style has increased environmental exposure of PPD in Asia. • Besides human-health, PPD shows ecotoxicity - a hidden threat to ecosystem services. • Some Asian countries suffer unequally from PPD due to lax regulations on hair dyes. • Globally uniform regulations on hair dyes are required to protect the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]