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The concept of decent work has few explanatory references and comparative descriptions due to limited research. So far, the concept of decent work only refers to standards and concepts issued by the International Labor Organization (ILO). Meanwhile, the Local Economic Development (LED) approach is an alternative strategy that prioritizes local aspects and resources for effective development. The research method chosen in this research is the phenomenological method. The phenomenological method explores human experiences (people’s lived experiences). This is in line with the concept of decent work and local economic development, which is highly influenced by the opinions and narratives described by the community, in this case, the research participants. This research explains the concept of decent work and local economic development based on the conditions of Banjarmasin City. It generated five explanatory clusters in this research. Cluster of general perspectives and specific perspectives related to the concept of decent work. The general perspective is that decent work should meet minimum standards and protect workers’ rights. While a specific perspective emphasizes subjectivity in viewing various decent work concepts. The other three clusters were formed from the exploration of the concept of local economic development, such as the challenge cluster, the opportunity cluster, and the relationship cluster between the concept of local economic development and decent work. These three clusters emphasize that the development concept requires comprehensive planning. Development faces challenges, such as insufficient government support, uncooperative communities, and disinterest among local people, but there are opportunities to boost local economies and improve work decency and conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a world of global market competition, the secondary level education has become a part of basic education. Secondary schools are vested with the responsibility of imparting knowledge, skills and attitudes essential for individuals to fit into society and be able to contribute fruitfully to its development. This article analyses the development of secondary education in Bangladesh in different period of time, socio-political context. Therefore, a general overview of secondary education is provided which is followed by historical evolution of secondary education in the British and Pakistani rule over Bangladesh. In conjunction with primary and mass education, secondary education was revised with great emphasis on the development of an all-round individual, female education, the acquisition of quality education, and the inculcation of technical and science education. A good number of commissions and committee were formed in different time to make changes in educational arena. Following the recommendations, the system of educational administration has been decentralised to promote school-based management and teacher empowerment. Furthermore, the non-government schools have been always encouraged to play an active role in providing secondary level education. A new education policy for Bangladesh has been tabled in September, 2009 after restoration of democratic process. At secondary education level a broad-based change in educational objectives, structure and system, curriculum have been proposed which is under public scrutiny.

BRAC, the largest non‐government organization (NGO) of the world, empowers the rural community underserved by the capitalistic market environment. It is an important phenomenon, especially in the case of serving the very poor in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-national corporations (MNCs) and large domestic companies have traditionally ignored a large part of the world's population with lower income levels, also known as the bottom of the pyramid (BOP). New empirical measures of the behaviour of those at the BOP and their aggregate purchasing power, however, suggest significant opportunities for the MNCs -- as the BOP constitutes a $5 trillion global consumer market. In this paper, we explore the key elements of the BOP thesis and offer a critique from a number of developmental and marketing perspectives. We argue that instead of focusing on untapped low-income markets for profit-generation only, a business model that integrates local people and takes into account the local socio-economic context of the target markets, is a more sustainable way to successfully penetrate the BOP markets. To illustrate this point, we explore a case study from Bangladesh, namely Village Phone Programme (VPP), an initiative undertaken by Telenor AS, a Norwegian telecommunications company, in alliance with an internationally-known development organisation in the country -- the Grameen Bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the factors influencing mobile payment in China's bottom‐of‐the‐pyramid (BOP) market via in‐depth interviews with mobile payment users in several geographic regions in China. This article investigates factors influencing mobile payment adoption in the BOP context. The results show that product bundling, after‐sale services, interference from other institutions, perceived corporate integrity, and monopoly and information opaqueness can influence mobile payment adoption in the BOP context. The findings will help practitioners understand and improve mobile payment adoption in the BOP context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, the business community has emerged as a "dangerous stakeholder" group, while both the labor community and policymakers have emerged as "dominant stakeholder" groups under the broad class of expectant stakeholders. In many countries, there have been critical reactions to the emergence of Chinese multinationals as foreign investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives have differential impact on developing customer loyalty in the context of two leading international sportswear companies operating in China. Academic interest in CSR in China has grown over the years. The findings suggest a relatively strong impact of CSR dimensions (e.g., workplace, marketplace, and environment support) and other related attributes (e.g., price, product quality, and uniqueness) on developing customer loyalty in China. There are regional differences in China in relation to customers' CSR perceptions and the likelihood of being influenced by a company's CSR initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to argue that the World Heritage Site (WHS) status as a label plays an important role in branding, creating awareness among the tourists and promoting a specific place – be it natural or cultural. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on qualitative research and utilised interviews and explanatory case study method, taking Maritime Greenwich WHS as a case. Findings – It is found that the status of WHS motivates the tourists in general and heritage tourists in particular to visit the case study site. Also, the status helps in boosting the level of confidence of the tourists while selecting the site. Overall, it helps to reinforce the identity of a place. However, sustainability and conservation should not take a back seat when the very purpose of branding a site as WHS is this. Originality/value – It is ideal to have a balance in managing the demand and supply side of place management and marketing making sure that the heritage value and trust is kept intact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]