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Thomas Radtke,1 Bruno H Knöpfli,2 Johannes H Wildhaber,3 Jürg Hammer4 1Division of Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, 2Kinder und Jugendmedizin, Zurich, 3Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Fribourg, Fribourg, 4Division of Intensive Care and Pulmonology, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandWe note with surprise a recent paper entitled "The effects of an 8-week multicomponent inpatient treatment program on body composition and anaerobic fitness in overweight and obese children and adolescents" by Karner-Rezek et al1 published in the International Journal of General Medicine concerning the effects of an 8-week multicomponent inpatient treatment program on body composition and anaerobic fitness in overweight and obese children and adolescents. We would like to take this opportunity to comment on the study findings and, in particular, address the methodological inconsistencies and ambiguities in this study.View original paper by Karner-Rezek and colleagues.

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From the work by Perrie et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1790 (1985)], photon pairs from the 2 s 1/2 → 1 s 1/2 (two-photon) decay of atomic hydrogen are known to be quantum mechanically correlated. In these experiments, the polarization states of the photons emitted in back-to-back geometry were shown to violate the Bell inequality as a qualitative sign of nonlocality and entanglement. In the present contribution, we analyze how these nonlocal quantum correlations, as given by the violation of the Bell inequality, differ from the concurrence as a true entanglement measure. Results are shown for both quantifiers in dependence of the decay geometry and the initial polarization of the atoms for the 2 s 1/2 → 1 s 1/2 and 3 d 5/2 → 1 s 1/2 two-photon decay of atomic hydrogen. These results display the difference between nonlocality and entanglement and, hence, may stimulate further experiments on nonlocal quantum correlations in atomic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung transplantation (LTX) is an established therapy in selected patients with advanced cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Resumption of employment after LTX is generally supported. In Switzerland, there is no data on long-term LTX employment in patients with CF. In a single center cross-sectional study at our institution, data from LTX patients with CF from 01/1996 to 12/2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Influence of potential pre-LTX factors (i.e., age, sex, lung function, body mass index, 6-min walk distance, education, relationship status, housing situation, LTX wait list time, gainful employment on the wait list) and post-LTX factors on gainful employment after LTX [chronic allograft dysfunction (CLAD), dialysis, cancer diagnosis (except skin cancer)] were investigated using mixed logistic regression models with random effects. Descriptive analyses of gainful employment were performed for various periods after LTX (i.e., >1, 1-3, 3-5, 5-10, >10 years). 99 patients (35±10 years; 49.5% female) were enrolled. Mean wait time for LTX was 42±39 weeks. Employment for <1 (n=93), 1-3 (n=90), 3-5 (n=68), 5-10 (n=53) and >10 (n=32) years post-LTX was 35%, 68%, 79%, 72% and 78%, respectively. Pre-LTX gainful employment (OR 32.16, 95% CI 9.48 - 177.09, p<0.0001), vocational training (academic vs. non-academic, OR 4.40, 95% CI 1.07 - 20.55, p=0.04) and time to LTX (log scale) OR 4.94, 95% CI 2.95 - 9.38, p<0.0001) were main factors influencing post-LTX earning capacity. Clinical factors, such as CLAD, had no influence on LTX employment. Pre-LTX employment is the dominant factor influencing LTX employment in people with CF. Patients should be encouraged to work for as long as possible, where health permits. Professional reintegration after successful LTX should be supported interdisciplinary by the LTX team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recalls how two brothers died of carbon monoxide poisoning as they swam near the stern of a houseboat while the onboard gasoline-powered generator was operating. Investigation of this and similar incidents; Editorial note from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Objectives We aimed to determine short-term effects of a combined exercise–physiotherapy intervention, using either trampoline or cycle exercises compared to billiard (sham training) on sputum production, oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) and lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods Twelve 15- to 29-year-old participants were randomly allocated to all 3 interventions on non-consecutive days of a week with exercise and physiotherapy parts lasting 30 min and breaks of 30 min after each procedure. Sputum weight (g) and lung function was measured before and after the exercise+rest and physiotherapy+rest interventions and SaO 2 was measured before and after the combined interventions. Differences in outcome measures between the different interventions were analyzed by univariate multilevel linear regression. Results Sputum expectoration during and after trampoline exercise was significantly higher than with and after billiard ( P = 0.021), and tended to be higher than with and after cycling of similar cardiovascular intensity ( P = 0.074). Sputum weights during and after physiotherapy were comparable among sessions, irrespective of the prior exercise or sham procedure. The increase in SaO 2 was significantly higher after the combined trampoline/physiotherapy (1.7±0.9%) and cycling/physiotherapy (1.8±0.8%) sessions compared to billiard/physiotherapy (0.5±1.8%, P = 0.011 and P = 0.007). No effects were observed on lung function. Conclusion Exercise followed by physiotherapy has an additive effect on sputum production in patients with CF and leads to improved oxygen saturation. Exercises with increased ventilation combined with mechanical vibration seem to be most efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]