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This article reports the findings of the 2011 results of ‘very rural’ Kentucky high schools on the Teaching, Empowering, Leading and Learning (TELL) Survey to determine whether differences existed between high and low performing rural schools across specific survey items. Schools with ACT scores one standard deviation (or more) above their predicted value were compared to rural high schools where students’ ACT scores were one standard deviation (or more) below their predicted value. Beale Codes of seven through nine from the United States Department of Agriculture were used to identify very rural Kentucky high schools. Very rural high schools identified as high-performing demonstrated significantly different results on survey items related to a culture of collaboration and teacher leadership than rural high schools identified as low performing. The survey suggested that in high-performing schools, the principal and teachers supported each other in their development as instructional leaders, and established communication and collaboration skills with families and community stakeholders.

The effect of acid rain on agricultural crops has been studied extensively in the past decade by plant scientists in the United States. Research has shown that agricultural crops can be injured as acidity in rain approaches pH 3. Since this level of acidity is rarely reached in normal rainfall in California, acid rain had been thought to be of little or no consequence to agriculture in this state.

Measurements in field chambers reveal losses to pollution