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BackgroundSecretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) deficiency and immune imbalance caused by T lymphocyte aggregation in lung tissue are associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) . Human gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts have a typical mucosal structure, which are connected with the common mucosal immune system.ObjectiveTo examine the responses of some immune factors to integrated Chinese and Western Medicine treatment in a rat model with phlegm-heat syndrome during the acute exacerbation to stable stage of COPD.MethodsA study was implemented between September 2019 and December 2020. Sixty SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were selected, and divided into five groups using the RAND function in Excel: control, COPD, acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) , Western Medicine, and integrated Chinese and Western Medicine. Except the control group, other groups were exposed to cigarette smoke and heat, and received intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide to develop COPD in acute exacerbation to stable stage with phlegm-heat syndrome. The intervention in the acute exacerbation stage lasted for 8 days, during which Western Medicine group received intragastric administration of solution containing moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets (0.027 g·kg-1·d-1) and salbutamol sulfate tablets (0.41 mg·kg-1·d-1) , integrated Chinese and Western Medicine group received intragastric administration of solution containing Tongsai granules (7.2 g·kg-1·d-1) , moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets (0.027 g·kg-1·d-1) , and salbutamol sulfate tablets (0.41 mg·kg-1·d-1) , the other three groups received intragastric administration of isotonic (0.9%) sodium chloride 2 ml per day. Subsequently, the intervention in the stable period lasted for 14 days, during which western medicine group received intragastric administration of salbutamol sulfate tablets 0.41 mg·kg-1·d-1, and the integrated Chinese and Western Medicine group received intragastric administration of BufeiYishen formula 4.42 g·kg-1·d-1 and salbutamol sulfate tablets 0.41 mg·kg-1·d-1. The other three groups received intragastric administration of isotonic (0.9%) sodium chloride 2 ml per day. The forced vital capacity (FVC) , forced expiratory volume during the first 300 milliseconds (FEV0.3) , FEV0.3/FVC ratio, and sIgA, as well as CD3+ and CD4+, in the lung and gut were detected after the interventions.ResultsThe FVC, FEV0.3, FEV0.3/FVC ratio, sIgA in the lung and gut, as well as expression level of CD3+ in the lung, showed a trend of successive decrease across control group, COPD group, and AECOPD group (P

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with anti-VEGF therapy for the treatment of unresectable or advanced liver cancer. Method: Related databases were searched from inception to December 2022 to identify randomized controlled studies and clinical trials that evaluated the combination of ICIs and anti-VEGF therapy for the treatment of unresectable liver cancer. The outcome index was extracted and analyzed by RevMan5.4. Results A total of 8 clinical trials were included. In terms of efficacy, the intervention group had longer OS and PFS for unresectable or advanced liver cancer than the control group. In terms of safety, (1) Adverse events of all grades showed that the combination treatment led to significantly higher risks of urinary system disorders, cardiovascular system disorder, blood system disorders and liver dysfunction than the control treatment. Compared with monotherapy, the combination treatment led to lower risks of gastrointestinal disorders. (2) Adverse events above grade 3 showed that, compared with the control treatment, the combination treatment led to significantly higher risks of urinary system disorders, blood systeam disorders, cardiovascular system disorders and liver dysfunction. Additionally, compared with monotherapy, the combination treatment led to significantly lower risks of gastrointestinal disorders. Conclusions: ICIs combined with anti-VEGF therapy exerts significant clinical effects in patients with unresectable or advanced liver cancer, can prolong the survival of these patients and can improve their quality of life. However, clinical attention should be given to the occurrence of adverse reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel copper(I)-catalyzed chemoselective reduction of the carbonyls of benzofuran-2-yl ketones over furan rings with B2pin2 has been developed. This reaction proceeded under mild conditions. High valuable secondary alcohol derivatives of benzofurans were obtained in good to excellent yields with a broad substrate scope. The mechanistic studies suggested that a domino-borylation-protodeboronation pathway was involved in this reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Pd-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of various N-heteroaromatic compounds with B2pin2 as a mediator and environmentally benign water as both solvent and hydrogen donor has been disclosed. This reaction proceeded under ambient temperature with a broad range of N-heteroaromatic compounds among which imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives were for the first time selectively reduced to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, which are the core structural motifs of an inhibitor of human O-GlcNAcase. Mechanistic studies suggested that the new protons in products are from water and Pd-H might be the key intermediate with B2pin2 as the H2O activator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]