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Background: Fecal incontinence (FI) is the inability to control bowel movements, resulting in fecal leakage. If left untreated, FI can seriously impact the long-term well-being of individuals affected. Recently, using secretome has become a promising new treatment method. The secretome combines growth factors released outside cells during stem cell development, such as mesenchymal stem cells. It consists of soluble proteins, nucleic acids, fats, and extracellular vesicles, which contribute to different cell processes. The primary aim is to assess the impact of hypoxic secretome administration on accelerating wound healing through the HIF-1α pathway in a post-sphincterotomy rat model. Methods: The study was conducted with two distinct groups of 10 rats each, the control and treatment groups, which were injected with hypoxic secretome at 0.3 mL. The inclusion criteria for the rats were as follows: male gender, belonging to the Sprague-Dawley strain, aged between 12 to 16 weeks, with an average body weight ranging from 240 to 250 grams. Results: There was an increase in HIF-1α gene expression in both groups. The treatment group 37 was significantly higher on day 42 (p = 0.001). VEGF increased significantly in the treatment 38 group on day 42 (p = 0.015). The neovascularization score increased significantly in the treatment 39 group during the first 24 hours (p = 0.004). The fibroblast score increased significantly in the 40 treatment group in the first 24 hours (p = 0.000) and 42 days (p = 0.035). After being given secretome, there was a higher increase in % collagen area and collagen area (μm2) in the treatment group compared to the control group (27,77 vs 11.01) and (419.027,66 vs 186.694,16). Conclusion: The use of hypoxic secretome has a significant effect as a choice for the treatment of anal sphincter injury after sphincterotomy through the HIF-1α-VEGF-Fibroblast pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The aim of this study was to investigate expression of TNF-a, IL-1ß, and macrophages in intermittent hypobaric hypoxia exposure in post tooth extraction socket healing process in rats. Forty-five healthy adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. Tooth extraction was performed on the maxillary left first molar, then randomly divided into 9 groups, namely the intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) group which was given exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) for 30 minutes every day in the Hypobaric Chamber at an altitude of 18. 000 feet for 1 time HH, 3 times HH, 5 times HH, and 7 times HH, and the normoxia group that was not exposed to HH, and the control group were terminated on days 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7. Molecular changes in mRNA expression were measured by RT-PCR extracted from socket tissue after rat tooth extraction to evaluate the expression of TNF-a mRNA and IL-1ß mRNA, as well as histological changes by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining to evaluate macrophages. Molecular and histological parameters were calculated at the end of each experiment on days 0,1,3,5, and 7 after tooth extraction as repair phase of the socket healing process. In this study, it was found that the expression of TNF-a mRNA, IL-1ß mRNA and the number of macrophages, began to increase significantly after 1 time exposure to HH on day 1, and reached the highest peak after 3 times exposures to HH on day 3, this increase was higher than the control group and the normoxia group, then after 5 times exposures to HH on day 5 there was a decrease, and further decreased after 7 times exposures to HH on day 7, this decrease also occurred faster approaching the control group than the normoxia group. Repeated or intermittent exposure to hypobaric hypoxic conditions induces a protective response, can make cells adapt to hypoxia. Several inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory processes, such as inflammatory cell migration and monocyte differentiation into macrophages, are modulated under hypoxic conditions. TNF-a and IL-1ß are proinflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages in early wounds, and play an important role in inflammation and immune responses in wound healing. The results showed that changes in TNF-a and IL-1ß mRNA expression were in line with changes in the number of macrophages in the socket after tooth extraction under hypobaric hypoxic conditions, and there was a gradual mechanism of cell adaptation under intermittent hypobaric hypoxic conditions which could affect the wound healing process after tooth extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The white adipose tissue (WAT) browning process has become one of the promising methods for managing obesity. During this process, WAT is transformed into brown-like adipose tissue, which is also known as beige adipose tissue. The browning process can be activated by several inducers. One of the best candidates is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist. Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is a natural PPARα/γ partial agonist that is known to contribute to the browning effect. This study aimed to explore the potential effect of nutmeg seed extract (NuSE) on body weight reduction and uncoupling protein (UCP)1, UCP2, UCP3, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 PGC-1α levels in aging rats. Eight male Wistar rats (80 weeks old) were divided into control and treatment groups. Both groups were fed a standard diet, and the treatment group was given 8.1 mg/kg body weight/day of NuSE via oral gavage for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the levels of UCP1, UCP2, UCP3, and PGC-1α from both inguinal WAT (iWAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) were examined. We observed that the administration of NuSE has no significant effect to the decreasement of rats body weights (p = 0.464), levels of UCP1 (p = 0.686), UCP2 (p = 0.360), UCP3 (p = 0.076), and PGC-1α (p = 0.200). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Roselle calyces (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a plant that contains anthocyanin and flavonoids, which function as exogenous antioxidants for the human body to counteract excess oxidative stress. Roselle has anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer and anti-diabetic effects. The present study evaluated roselle to see whether it affects physical fitness. The components of physical fitness include strength, balance, right and left hand grip, vertical jump and VO2max (maximum oxygen consumption). A total of 30 subjects received 200 ml rosella tea for 30 days every morning and evening. Every week, subjects were assessed for physical fitness. Data analysis used paired t and Wilcoxon test according to the normality test results. The results showed significant improvements in strength (from 24.9 to 27.3 kg; P=0.025), balance (from 23.3 to 42.2 sec; P=0.004), right (from 31.8 to 35.1 kg; P<0.0001) and left hand grip (from 29.8 to 31.6 kg; P=0.020), vertical jump (from 38.6 to 41.1 m/sec; P=0.008) and VO2max (from 31.1 to 34.3 ml/kg/min; P=0.014). This demonstrated that roselle significantly improved six parameters of physical fitness and may be used as a supplement to improve physical fitness without severe side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: Hypoxia caused by exercise condition may alter PGC-1α and HIF-1α expression in cardiac cells. Both factors are transcriptional factors which play a role in conserving energy during metabolic process. However, there is less information about the effects of long term moderate intensity exercise such as swimming on PGC-1α and HIF-1α expression in cardiac cells. Objectives: Aim of this study is to observe the effect of force swimming exercise on the expression PGC-1α and HIF-1α gene expression in cardiac muscle of mice. Methods: Male BALBc mice were divided into two groups (n = 10): control (C) and swimming (ST). ST group was subjected to moderate intensity swimming for 4 weeks, 30 minutes/day for 5 days. Hearts of animal models were preserved for cardiac morphology study using HE staining, PGC-1α and HIF-1α mRNA expression study. Results: We observed that cardiac PGC-1α expression in ST was significantly increased 1.5 fold compared with control group (0.64 vs 0.44; CI = 95%, -0.378 - 0.019; P = 0.035), but expression of HIF-1α was significantly decreased 0.4 times lower than control group (0.35 vs 0.52; CI = 95%, 0.27 - 0.31; P = 0,025). Conclusions: Taken together, ST group increased the expression of PGC-1α but decreased the expression of HIF-1α in mice cardiac muscle in response to chronic hypoxia condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Purpose: Bench-step exercise produces biomechanical movements beneficial to improve bone remodeling. However, no studies have confirmed the effects of bench-step exercise (BE) on bone formation and resorption. The goal of this study is to compare the effects of bench-step and walking exercise (WE) on changes in osteocalcin and CTX-1 levels. Methods: Fifty-nine sedentary post-menopausal women with osteopenia (T-score between 1 and 2.5) were randomly divided into two groups: WE group () and BE group (). Subjects performed 12 weeks of exercise. The osteocalcin and CTX-1 levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Independent -test or Wilcoxon test was used to analyze the osteocalcin and CTX-1 levels. The difference in changes in the osteocalcin and CTX-1 between the groups before and after was analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results showed a significant increase in the osteocalcin and CTX-1 levels in both groups (). The increased levels of osteocalcin between groups were not statistically different (). The increase in CTX-1 resulting from BE was lower than that from WE (). Conclusion: This study indicates that BE may inhibit resorption stronger than WE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The article discuses the study aimed to examine tooth loss distribution and the impact on OHR-QoL perception in cognitively impaired and cognitively normal groups. Topics discussed include dental status was examined by a dentist and involved the number of anterior and posterior teeth lost; and interview was conducted to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics and self-reported perception of oral health and functional status. more...

People with Alzheimer's Disease exhibit decreased cognitive function and lower sensory and motor sensitivity that lead to decrease functional abilities. Alzheimer's Disease affects brain areas related to mastication. There is limited evidence regarding how masticatory ability is obeserved and assessed in people with Alzheimer's Disease. This review assessed overview parameters of masticatory ability in people with Alzheimer's Disease based on various online database sources. This study used a scoping review technique. Article searches were conducted through PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL databases and other relevant publications through the references of selected articles (snowballing technique). There was a poor masticatory ability in people with Alzheimer's Disease. People with Alzheimer's Disease had a reduced number of teeth and functional tooth units or paired occlusion which can cause low bite force which results in difficulty chewing hard food. The use of prostheses can only increase the efficiency of mastication without removing the disturbance. The parameters that most widely used for masticatory ability assessment were based on commonly method (Mandibular Movement (MM), sieving method with optocal cubes, chewing gum, bite force, occlusion force, occlusal contact area and mandible assessment.) and teeth condition (number of teeth present, number of missing teeth, periodontal status, caries and dental filling, number of Functional Toth Units (FTU), Functional masticatory Unit (FMU), and bite force. Assessment of masticatory ability with appropriate parameters is one of the efforts to explore the possibility of delaying the progressive decline in cognitive function that occurs in AD dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Amaç: Reseptör aktivatör nükleer faktör-B ligandı (RANKL) ve osteoprotegerinin (OPG) kemik yeniden modelleme ve osteoporozda önemli bir rolü olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Endonezya menopoz sonrası kadınlarda düşük kemik mineral yoğunluğu (KMY) ile RANKL ve OPG genlerinin polimorfizmleri (sırasıyla TNFSF11 ve TNFRSF11B) arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Elli - altmış beş yaş arası 60 postmenopozal kadın uygun bulundu. KMY, çift-enerjili X-ışını absorpsiyometrisi kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. TNFSF11 ve TNFRSF11B'nin genotipleri polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu-kısıtlama fragman uzunluğu polimorfizmleri ve DNA dizileme yöntemleri ile elde edildi. TNFSF11'den (-290C> T, -643C> T, -693G> C) ve TNFRSF11B'den (163A>G, 950T>C, 1181G>C) üç tek nükleotid polimorfizmleri (SNP) seçildi. Allel dağılımı ile KMY arasındaki ilişki ki-kare veya Fischer kesin testi kullanılarak hesaplandı. Kemik bölgelerindeki tüm SNP'leri ve BMD'yi analiz etmek için çoklu lojistik regresyon kullanıldı. Anlamlılık p<0,05 olarak ayarlandı. Bulgular: Çoğu birey daha düşük KMY'ye (%83,3) sahipti. Sağlıklı ve düşük KMY arasındaki bireylerin özellikleri karşılaştırılabilir bulundu (hepsi p>0,05). TNSSF11 ve TNFRSF11B'de genotiplerin ve allellerin sağlıklı ve düşük KMY'ler arasındaki dağılımı anlamlı olarak farklı değildi (hepsi p>0,05). Tüm kemik bölgelerinde TNFSF11 ve TNFRSF11B'nin SNP'leri ile KMY arasında ilişki yoktu (hepsi p>0,05). Sonuç: Bu çalışma, 50-65 yaşlarındaki Endonezyalı postmenopozal kadınlarda TNFSF11 ve TNFRSF11 gen polimorfizmlerinin BMD ile ilişkili olmadığını düşündürmektedir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Introduction: Depression is identified as one of the elderly's qualities of life determinants. The prevalence of depression in nursing homes is 3-4 times higher than the elderly living in the community. Thus, this study aimed to identify the determinants of depression in the elderly in nursing homes. Methods: The research design used correlational descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. Consecutive sampling techniques recruited a total of forty-one respondents. The Geriatric Depression Scale Indonesian version of the (GDS-15) was used to analyze the depression scale. The data were analyzed using the test Chi-square. Results: The results show that there is no correlation between gender (p= 0.662), marital status (p=0.561), the last education (p= 0.570), social support (p= 0.189) and family support (p= 0.655) with level of depression. Conclusion: There is no relationship between the determinant factors with depression scale in the elderly. Social support is one of the reasons that there is no relationship between factors. Therefore, researchers suggest looking for other determinants that cause the elderly to experience depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Exercise contributes in improving mental health and alleviates depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment by facilitating neuronal remodeling (Park H, Poo MM. 2013). The involvement of brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and D1 dopamine receptor (D1DR) has been reported. On the other hand, a limited number of information is available on the effect exercise with altered intensity on locomotor activity. This study explored the effect of altered training intensity on adult male rat locomotor activity, which may be partly regulated by neuronal remodeling through dopamine and BDNF signalling. Male adult Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: stationary control, aerobic (sub LT), lactate threshold (LT), and anaerobic training groups (Supra LT). They were trained for 14 days followed by measuring the locomotor activity in their home cage from day 14 to 16. Rats were then sacrificed under anesthesia, and the striatum was separated for RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. We found that two-weeks training induced hyperactivity during night regardless of the training intensity. Only aerobic training group showed increased D1DR mRNA and protein levels; BDNF mRNA levels were also increased. The phosphorylation of Tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) A and TrkB was also altered significantly (TrkA, all training groups; TrkB, only aerobic group). In summary, two weeks training with various intensities induces hyperactivity in rats during night. Among various training protocols, only aerobic training activated D1DR and BDNF signaling pathways. These results partly revealed the mechanism how exercise with different intensity can alter behavior in rats. In addition, our study may have clinical relevance to clarify the role of exercise, particularly aerobic training, to improve mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...