Search

CUBE – demonstration areas and exhibition objects The article presents the carbon concrete demonstrator areas and objects installed at the CUBE research building. These include the interior walls of the kitchenette and wardrobe, the test stands and exchange surfaces in the façade area of the BOX as well as various exhibition objects in the exterior and interior areas. It is demonstrated how carbon reinforced concrete can be used in a variety of ways and to great advantage, e. g. as a design element for space‐defining components or as part of inventory and furniture units. It can be prestressed, heated and printed on the surface. In addition, electrical switching elements and high‐performance insulation can be integrated into carbon concrete panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quintessenz der Zahntechnik is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces is the property of Gen. Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military Academy of Land Forces and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Już w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku zaczęto podejmować próby opisania mieszkańców Karpat (Góralszczyzny karpackiej), z uwzględnieniem istniejących podziałów na grupy („rody”) czy regiony etnograficzne. Zgodnie z modernistycznym (oświeceniowo-pozytywistycznym) paradygmatem poznania naukowego ujmowano owe grupy/regiony na sposób „substancjalny”, kierując się przy tym zasadami naturalizmu przedmiotowego i metodologicznego. Pierwszym badaczem, który dokonał podziału ludności zamieszkującej północne stoki Karpat – analogicznie do tego, jak się te góry dzielą – na trzy „grupy etnograficzne, a w nich na „rody”, był Wincenty Pol. Tej dosyć szczegółowej delimitacji etnograficznej nie przedstawił w formie graficznej, ze względu na brak odpowiedniej do tego celu mapy. Szczegółową mapę, prezentującą dokonane przez Pola i kilku innych badaczy podziały oraz zasięgi polskiej Góralszczyzny i wchodzących w jej skład grup etnograficznych, wykonał dopiero prawie 120 lat później Józef Babicz. Różnice pomiędzy wytyczanymi przez różnych uczonych granicami Góralszczyzny i zasięgami wchodzących w jej skład grup/regionów wskazują, że substancjalne ujęcie tych zagadnień jest nieadekwatne do obrazowanej rzeczywistości społecznej i kulturowej. Pewne poglądy Pola mogą być inspiracją dla stworzenia alternatywnej koncepcji zróżnicowania etnograficznego w ogóle, a polskiej Góralszczyzny w szczególności.

The present article proposes a methodology for writing genre history that does not proceed from »always already« existing generic norms, but rather describes the processes through which genres and their conventions emerge in the first place. Scholars in the field have long been calling for a mediation between (systematic) genre theory and the (historical) exploration of genres – i. e., generic historiography (see Lamping 2007; Neumann/Nünning 2007). So far, however, the solutions proposed have been classificatory in nature, and have mainly been concerned with taking into account the historical diversity of genres more fully than had previously been done (Hempfer 1973; Fricke 1981). The theoretical and methodological questions raised by genre historiography regarding the emergence and transformation of genres, by contrast, have hardly ever been the focus of sustained enquiry, despite the fact that a historically adequate approach to the history of genres – meaning an approach not based on classificatory models – remains a desideratum to this day. Most contributions to the historiography of genre thus far make use of prototype theory or draw on scholarship analyzing schemata and patterns in order to identify genre norms in their historical setting and describe the correspondences with (and/or deviations from) those norms which may be observed in a given text. Yet the methodological problem here is that, ordinarily, prototype-theoretical and schema-oriented approaches raise systematic rather than historical claims. Thus, a »prototype« is understood to be an abstract, ideal model which might never have been realized historically but is still considered the most »typical« exemplar of a given genre whose individual, concrete manifestations may be described as placed along a scale of relative similarity with that exemplar (Tophinke 1997). By adopting such a perspective, the texts belonging to a certain genre may be categorized without having to draw »hard« (i. e., feature-based) boundaries. However, comparing a single text with an ideal model affords hardly any surplus value regarding the question of the origin and change of genres. Being an ideal model, after all, the prototype is constructed a posteriori, on the basis of all available texts assigned to a given genre; it has never served as an actual point of reference for the production or reception of individual texts in their historical context. A similar methodological difficulty arises with a view to scholarship on schemata and patterns, in that these are usually abstracted from all texts belonging to a given genre (like prototypes) or else are fashioned on the model of supposed »masterpieces«, which all but invalidates their explanatory power in a historical context (Schulz 2012). For the historiography of genres, however, one question of particular interest is a question treated only marginally in scholarship on prototypes and schemata. This is the question of how precisely literary speech acts (Warning 1996) – i. e., certain types of literary representation or the treatment of certain kinds of content – are conventionalized and are thus gradually turned into instances of expectable patterns: patterns to be expected, that is, both on the side of production and of reception. Some scholars answer this question by reference to »normative« works which, they claim, serve as »signposts« for the subsequent production and reception of texts (Voßkamp 1977; Gymnich 2010a). The problem with this position, however, is that it assigns to individual texts an unconditional authority, even though the binding conventionality and literary prestige of any given text only emerges over the course of literary or generic history (Strohschneider 1991). One defining purpose of genre historiography is to describe precisely those processes through which certain literary forms and topics become conventional in the first place – to the extent that any attempt, on the part of scholars, to identify supposedly »pioneering« or »authoritative« works is in stark contradiction to an historical approach to genres. At the same time, research on the history of genres simply cannot start from stable norms or ideal models, which is why it is precisely the constant changes to be observed in the conventional validity of literary speech acts that should be exposed and emphasized. In fact, the notion of »convention« is crucial to the approach proposed in this article, since conventions – different in this respect from norms or rules – do not arise as the result of (allegedly) authoritative postulates but rather establish themselves, over time, through communal agreement (Weninger 1994). The formation of conventions may be traced by analyzing intertextual references to literary speech acts: if a given text refers to a certain type of literary representation – either in order to reproduce it faithfully or to present alternatives to it –, this reference is selected from a wide array of options for referencing, and is thus recognized as being »worthy of reference«. Constant reference to the same (or similar) literary speech acts then leads to the emergence of a corresponding convention, whose validity, however, is itself subject to change: If intertextual relations change in such a way that the type of literary speech act previously conventionalized is no longer chosen for reference – and is disregarded, in fact, in favour of alternative topics or modes of representation –, this will result in an observable change in conventionality. After all, whatever is considered conventional is determined by intertextual processes of consensus-building, and is thus in a permanent state of renegotiation. The concrete methodological approach of the present article starts, therefore, from an analysis of intertextual references, insofar as the processes of conventionalization relevant to the historiography of genres can be traced by examining references between individual texts. If one focuses on the question of how genres – and the conventions governing them – arise, the notion of »single-text reference« is preferable to that of »systemic reference«. After all, »systemic reference« denotes the reference of a given text to an established system and thus already presupposes a genre and its systemic norms – elements not available at the outset of a genre's history. Rather, any truly historical historiography of genres must strive to demonstrate how a set of literary speech acts gradually (by way of intertextual single-text references) forms a system whose conventions may later be referenced. The formation processes of individual genres may therefore be reconstructed by examining the intertextual single-text references that contribute to the conventionalization of literary speech acts and ultimately form a system in contrast to other literary forms of representation. The present article thus focuses on the Gewordensein – the quality of having become or fundamental »madeness« – of genres as subject to constant historical change. At the same time, it proposes a method for adequately tracing genre emergence and change through the analysis of intertextual references and dynamic processes of conventionalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Warmińskie is the property of University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lexikos is the property of Bureau of the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Łódzkie Studia Etnograficzne is the property of Polish Ethnological Society / Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rodzina i przestrzeń domu rodzinnego odgrywają istotną rolę w życiu każdego człowieka, zarówno w wymiarze indywidualnym, jak i społecznym. Stąd nasuwa się pytanie, czy typ rodziny pochodzenia może modelować obraz środowiska rodzinnego, który ukształtował się w świadomości osób dorosłych? Odpowiedzi na to pytanie można szukać w wynikach badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych za pomocą eksperymentu asocjacyjnego. Jest on jedną z metod diagnozowania obrazu świata istniejącego w świadomości, a wyrażonego poprzez pryzmat języka objętych badaniami osób. Analiza materiału leksykalnego, uzyskanego związku ze słowami hasłowymi dom i rodzina, pozwoliła zauważyć pewne właściwości ich obrazu u respondentek pochodzących z odmiennych typów rodzin. Właściwości te są szczególnie widoczne w dwóch aspektach. Pierwszym z nich jest zbieżny zakres znaczeniowy asocjacji tworzących prototyp obrazu rodziny i domu, kolejnym – odmienna częstość użycia, jaką osiągnęły w ich obrębie poszczególne reakcje werbalne objętych badaniami osób. Podsumowując, można zauważyć, iż rodzina i dom są takimi elementami obrazu świata osób dorosłych, których profil jest silnie uwarunkowany kulturowo. Natomiast doświadczenie typu rodziny pochodzenia przez respondentki wydaje się modelować odczuwanie przez nie istotności poszczególnych aspektów tego obrazu.

The anchoring of the prototypicality and categoryality criteria in the study of the social representations implies the achievement of a congruence between the frequency of occurrence and the average rank of occurrence of the elements that make up these representations (as an exception, according to the researcher’s predilections, instead of the average rank of the occurrence of a term, the average rank of the relevance of the same term may be used in the association). The previously mentioned congruence can be obtained either traditionally - by calculating the Spearman’s correlation coefficient - or in a less usual way - through the tabular technique of an investigative procedure consisting of five distinct phases - data collection, the calculation of frequency and average rank indicators, table making, table reading, the creation of categories.

Copyright of Studia Warmińskie is the property of University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we offer an overview of available category norms and of methodology of their creation. In the second part of the paper, category norms for 12 categories in Czech are presented (i.e. an alcoholic beverage, a colour, a crime, a four-legged animal, a fruit, a metal, a part of the human body, a relative, a sport, a type of vehicle, a toy, a weapon). These norms are then analysed in relation with linguistic frequency and token length. The problems of correlating linguistic frequency which is based on corpus data with associative frequency which is based on category norms are discussed. Preliminarily, it seems that the members of more constrained categories are in a closer relation to each other and activate each other more strongly than members of more open categories. This can be explained based on the principles of the Spreading Activation Theory of Semantic Processing (Collins — Loftus, 1975).

This paper presents the development of an application for data maintenance in the Digital Archive of the Pina Bausch Foundation. First, the requirements of the Linked Data archive are outlined. The Linked Data Management System Callimachus is introduced, whereupon aspects of the approach of the application development are described. In the last part Callimachus is evaluated and discussed as a tool for information scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Omówione w artykule pojęcie indywidualizm odnosi się do podmiotowości funkcjonowania człowieka, zagadnień związanych z jego tożsamością i oznacza sposób myślenia oraz postępowania charakteryzujący się odmiennością i dystansem wobec poczynań ogółu. Zostało w nim pokazane przede wszystkim to, jak obecnie w języku polskim jest wyrażane pojęcie indywidualizm. Wyrazy i konstrukcje językowe, którymi posługuje się współczesny użytkownik języka w celu zwerbalizowania tego pojęcia, mieszczą się w obrębie takich kategorii semantycznych, jak: myślenie, działanie, wolność, samorealizacja, kontakty społeczne, odróżnianie się od innych. Rdzeń tego pojęcia stanowią wyrazy: indywidualizm, indywidualista – i są to leksemy, które reprezentują indywidualizm w sposób prototypowy. Synonimiczne określenia wyrazowe odnoszące się do indywidualizmu i będące w jego centrum to: ujednostkowienie, swój własny, oryginalny sposób istnienia. Inne elementy językowe, które mieszczą w sobie mniej lub bardziej te same sensy znaczeniowe i tworzą centrum tego pojęcia, to na przykład: moje ja, jednostka sama w sobie, bycie sobą. W artykule rozważano między innymi zagadnienie dotyczące tego, w jakim stopniu na przestrzeni dziejów istota ludzka mogła korzystać z prawa do kształtowania swojego losu. Zwrócono również uwagę na to, że indywidualizmem jest pielęgnowanie w sobie przekonania o wyjątkowości własnego sposobu myślenia i wynikającego z niego działania bez odbierania znaczenia temu, w jakim sposób myślą i działają inne osoby. Właściwie rozumiany indywidualizm jest wyrazem przekonania, że warto poświęcić swoje życie czemuś wielkiemu, szlachetnemu, i jest konceptualizowany przez użytkowników języka za pomocą różnorodnych określeń wartościujących, takich jak: prawdziwy człowiek, wybitna jednostka, bohater, a także: indywidualność czy wybitna indywidualność. Doskonałym wyrazem prawdziwego indywidualizmu człowieka są dzieła literackie, muzyczne, malarskie, a użytkownicy języka określają wielkiego artystę mianem indywidualności twórczej. Fałszywy indywidualizm jest wynikiem egocentryzmu i prowadzi do alienacji jednostki, mając negatywne konsekwencje dla pojedynczego człowieka i dla społeczeństwa.

Versuche und Simulationen bilden wichtige Hilfsmittel der Entwicklung von Bauprodukten im Mauerwerkbau. Der Abgleich zwischen Messung und Simulation gehört zu den klassischen Aufgabenstellungen einer Modellvalidierung. Ist die Differenz zwischen Messung und Nachrechnung zu groß, kann daraus eine Optimierungsaufgabenstellung der Minimierung der Differenzen formuliert werden. Optimierungsaufgabenstellungen des Abgleichs zwischen Messung und Simulation werden häufig als Identifikationsproblem bezeichnet. In der Vergangenheit wurde diese Aufgabenstellung i. d. R. durch iterative Anpassung einzelner Kennwerte bearbeitet. Mit der Verfügbarkeit von Parameteroptimierungsprogrammen kann der iterative händische Abgleich automatisiert werden und es können komplexere Aufgabenstellungen bearbeitet werden. Die Notwendigkeit derart automatisierter Identifikationsprozeduren wird auch durch die Innovationsgeschwindigkeit in heutigen Produktentwicklungsprozessen erhöht. Innerhalb des Virtual Prototyping ist Virtual Testing dabei der Schlüssel zur Reduktion von Hardwaretests. Nur wenn an Referenzexperimenten ein Abgleich wichtiger Ergebnisgrößen zwischen Messung und Simulation gelingt, kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass alle für das reale Testergebnis relevanten Phänomene im virtuellen Modell enthalten sind und damit prognosefähige Modelle für das Virtual Testing zur Verfügung stehen. Der Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel brandbeanspruchter Mauerwerkwände, wie mit Hilfe moderner mathematischer Verfahren die Parameteridentifikation systematisch, effizient und zielorientiert durchgeführt werden kann. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kreative Lösungen entstehen nur in Ausnahmefällen durch Zufall oder durch 'Heureka'-Momente einer einzelnen Person. Doch wie können Ideen und Konzepte entsprechend der Nutzerbedürfnisse, aber auch in Abhängigkeit der technischen Machbarkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit kostengünstig agil entwickelt werden? Innovation bei gleichzeitiger Senkung der Entwicklungskosten und -zeit kann durch zwei Aspekte erzielt werden: 1. die kontinuierliche Einbeziehung des Nutzers über den gesamten Entwicklungsprozess und 2. durch ein interdisziplinäres Projektteam, das über alle Phasen des Projektes zusammenarbeitet. Nur so lässt sich ein gemeinsames Verständnis für die Nutzer und deren Problemstellungen aufbauen sowie die Entwicklung einer innovativen, technisch realisierbaren, wirtschaftlichen und den Nutzerbedürfnissen entsprechende Lösungen realisieren. Der nachfolgende Artikel beschreibt anhand eines Praxisbeispiels, wie eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit im Kontext einer nutzerzentrierten agilen Produktentwicklung funktionieren kann. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Stuttgarter Glasschale wurde im Jahre 2004 als Prototyp gebaut, um die statische Effizienz und die ästhetische Qualität von Glasverklebungen zu untersuchen. Die von den Autoren für den Prototyp entwickelte Klebetechnik ermöglicht die Weiterleitung von Kräften zwischen den Glasscheiben in Form von Stossfugen und damit die Aufnahme von Herstellungs- sowie Montagetoleranzen. Was als temporärerer Prototyp entwickelt wurde, steht seit nunmehr 10 Jahren am ILEK der Universität Stuttgart und wird kontinuierlich beobachtet und evaluiert. Es konnte aufgezeigt werden, dass Windlasten, symmetrische und asymmetrische Schneelasten, UV-Belastungen sowie die Alterungsprozesse der Verklebung auf Polymerbasis die Funktionsfähigkeit der Verklebungen bzw. die Tragfähigkeit der Schale bis dato nicht beeinträchtigt haben. Der vorliegende Artikel hält Rückschau auf die vergangenen zehn Jahre und fragt nach der Zukunft von Glasverklebungen. The Stuttgart Glass Shell 10 years later - retrospect and perspectives. The Stuttgart Glass Shell was built in 2004 at the ILEK, University of Stuttgart with the aim of analyzing the structural efficiency as well as the aesthetical quality that can be achieved by combining structural use of glass with adhesives as joining system. The prototype was planned as a temporary structure, but now it has been standing for 10 years under permanent monitoring at the ILEK. Wind, symmetrical and asymmetrical snow loadings, UV-radiations, as well as aging processes have not influenced the performance of the adhesive joints or the load-bearing capacity of the shell. Ten years therefore seem to be a reasonable lapse of time on the one hand to look back and on the other to give a perspective about the future development of adhesive joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Problems of Literary Genres / Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sportwissenschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanica Cracoviensia is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wirtschaftsinformatik -- Zeitschrift Der Angewandten Informatik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HNO is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Baurechtliche Blatter is the property of Verlag Oesterreich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Respectus Philologicus is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Informatik Spektrum is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)