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Corrugated cardboard is widely used for packaging due to its sturdiness and lightweight properties. However, its ability to withstand lateral forces during handling, transportation, and storage is critical for maintaining its structural integrity. In this study, the problem of understanding and quantifying the strain experienced by corrugated cardboard boxes under shear stresses at various points in their lifecycle is addressed. Specifically, a precise methodology for testing shear stresses was developed and validated, enhancing the understanding of the material's behaviour. Several key problems are addressed in this research, including the quantification of the amount of strain experienced by cardboard boxes from a warehouse to the final delivery, the development of a reliable testing methodology to measure shear stresses, and the understanding of the mechanical behaviour and structural integrity of corrugated cardboard under these conditions. It is anticipated that the findings will improve the design and durability of corrugated cardboard packaging, ensuring better performance during transportation and storage. This research contributes to the optimisation of logistics, the improvement of packaging quality, and the support of sustainable development by enhancing the reuse and recyclability of corrugated cardboard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical strength in the packaging industry poses a significant challenge for manufacturers, particularly in the case of corrugated cardboard boxes with their various designs and layers. In this context, this study focuses on evaluating the effects of tangential stresses on corrugated cardboard and its components. Using a specialized testing mechanism, controlled tangential forces are applied to cardboard samples, allowing for a deeper understanding of the material's behavior under different conditions. This empirical approach enables the identification of key variables influencing stress distribution and potential yield points in corrugated cardboard material. The findings contribute to the development of more efficient and reliable packaging solutions, thereby supporting the sustainability and economic viability of the packaging industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study dedicated to the development of Digital and Smart Tools, based on solved applications of design engineering and reverse engineering. This approach is justified by the fact as well as the need for preparations prior to Composite Additive Manufacturing. Future integration of Digital Smart Tools with Composite Additive Manufacturing will significantly contribute to the efficient and effective support of the green economy, the active, responsible, safe and resilient protection of environment, life and climate. The research involved in this paper contributes to develop Digital and Smart Tools Applications, intended for integrated digital design, development, manufacturing and further predictive maintenance and services, based on robotic systems, extended automatic control, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, including Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulations for Performance Prediction at Design Regime and Off-Design Regimes for jet engines, with the best capabilities to generate and integrate improvements, optimizations and potential innovative solutions. This paper presents significant applications of design, concept engineering development and reverse engineering design, as: 1/ the design of a transonic axial compressor rotor blade, 2/ the design of a swept axial compressor rotor, 3/ concept design engineering developments in case of a swept fan rotor blade, 4/ concept design developments and reverse engineering in case of a HP axial compressor rotor blade, part of Spey 512-14 DW turbofan engine, 5/ reverse engineering design of a Cessna 182 Skylane N223IF light aircraft wheel cover. In line with Europe´s vision for sustainable aviation, this research study and INCAS´ TGA Project "Technological Development Platform for "Green" Technologies in Aviation and Ecological Manufacturing with Superior Added Value; TGA - Technologies for Green Aviation" will significantly contribute to the Green Deal, as a production center using "Green" Technologies in aviation and ecological manufacturing, as well as collaborative developer of Digital and Smart Tools for Composite Additive Manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of theoretical and applied research related to composite materials, carbon fiber and nano-additives. The objective of this work is to investigate the properties and behavior of custom designed composite materials which are intended for applications in aerospace engineering. The holistic approach is expressed by the structure of this research project which consists of the technical part and the economic part, that is analyzed in terms of project management. The specificity of the work is given by the requirements of the European Project Semester EPS, where international teams of students actively experience a multidisciplinary and multicultural project for one semester in another university, which has developed research and industrial partnerships. For developing such project, the approach provided by INCAS as Research Partner is oriented towards Problem Based Learning and Project Organized Learning. The University as Organizer provides Project Related Courses and some complementary Project Organized Learning. The research was oriented towards the customized design and analyzing of composite materials samples for potential use in aerospace engineering, the development and validation of materials and methodologies. The benefits of the research project are related to the applications of composite materials and in the subsidiary to allow the students learn valuable professional lessons and experience from this research project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The torus or toroidal surfaces are geometries that can be easily found in various industrial applications, from containers, devices, cartwheels, design objects and even machine parts, being also a geometric primitive often used in solid constructive geometry. For a better understanding of the torus-type surface mechanical behavior, this paper aims to study the toroidal geometry manufactured from ABS material by using the FDM 3D printing method and subjecting each sample to compression tests to identify the influence of the sample filling percentage in the case of triangular pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high heels footwear industry is permantly evolving due to the increasing attention given to combine confort and elegance. The purpose of footwear has changed with the evolution in the fashion industry and it is no longer limited only to protect the feet. This paper represents a first step to develop customized shoes outer sole, taking into consideration the unicity of each individual anatomy. Another important aspect is the manufacturing of these outer soles using plastic materials. The additive manufacturing presents itself as a viable option in obtaing a working prototype. Based on previous research, an analysis has been performed in order to optimise the design and its functionality. The study validation has been done using FEA and Topology Opimisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Without packaging, it would be very difficult to distribute consumer goods. The packaging protects the merchandise during shipment, informs the user about the product, extends the life of the product, and last but not least, it helps the economy and the recycling process, especially with the latest trend on being environmentally friendly. A packaging box should confer mechanical protection when manipulating the product, but also should be economically feasible when it comes to production costs. The packaging material that meets the above criteria is cellulose. "Packages made from corrugated cardboard are products made from renewable raw materials, which can be optimally integrated into production cycles"[1]. Design packaging takes into account factors like manipulation, shipping, distribution, and product marketing by using graphics and information printed on the package. As a result of this, packaging designers are looking for solutions that make the packaging life cycle optimal and feasible when taking into account factors like mechanical strength, chemical, climatic and biologic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]