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Missing data is a common problem in clinical data collection, which causes difficulty in the statistical analysis of such data. In this article, we consider the problem under a framework of a semiparametric partially linear model when observations are subject to complex missing pattern covariates. One natural question in the partially linear model is the choice of model structure, that is, how to decide which covariates are linear and which are nonlinear. If the correct model structure of the partially linear model is available, we propose to use a new imputation method called Partial Replacement IMputation Estimation (PRIME), which can overcome problems caused by incomplete data in the partially linear model. In the more challenging setting where the model structure is unknown a priori, we use PRIME in conjunction with model averaging (PRIME-MA) to adapt to the unknown model structure in the partially linear model. In simulation studies, we use various error distributions, sample sizes, missing data rates, covariate correlations, and noise levels, and PRIME outperforms other methods in almost all cases. With an unknown correct model structure, PRIME-MA has satisfactory performance in terms of prediction. Moreover, we conduct a study of influential factors in the Chinese Provincial Legal Funding Dataset from the Harvard Dataverse, which shows that our method performs better than the other models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High dietary sodium intake is a major cardiovascular risk factor and adversely affects blood pressure control. Patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) are at increased cardiovascular risk, even after medical treatment, and high dietary sodium intake is common in these patients. Here, we analyze the impact of a moderate dietary sodium restriction on microbiome composition and immunophenotype in patients with PA. Methods: Prospective two-stage clinical trial including two subgroups: 15 treatment-naive PA patients compared to matched normotensive controls; and 31 PA patients on mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment before and three months after sodium restriction. Patients underwent blood pressure measurements, laboratory tests, analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells via flow cytometry and microbiome analysis. Results: We observed a higher percentage of Tregs in treatment-naive PA patients (p = 0.0303), while the abundance of Bacteroides uniformis was higher in PA patients compared to normotensive controls (p = 0.00027) and the abundance of Lactobacillus species however was higher in the subgroup of normotensive controls (p = 0.0290). Sodium restriction was accompanied by a decrease in pro-inflammatory Tc17 cells in male patients (p = 0.0081, females p = 0.3274). Bacteroides uniformis abundance was higher in female patients (0.01230, p = 0.0016) and decreased upon sodium restriction (0.002309, p = 0.0068). Conclusion: Dietary sodium restriction in patients with PA modulates the peripheral immune cell composition toward a less inflammatory phenotype. This suggests a potential mechanism by which sodium reduction modulates immune cell composition, leading to blood pressure reduction and positively impacting cardiovascular risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of endocrine hypertension. According to the Endocrine Society Practice Guidelines, the diagnosis of PA requires a pathological screening test result and non-suppressible aldosterone levels during confirmatory testing. Sequential testing with more than one confirmatory test may result in discordant test results. Objective and patients: We investigated the association of discordant results of captopril challenge test (CCT) and saline infusion test (SIT) on patient subtype classification by adrenal vein sampling (AVS) and outcome in 111 consecutive patients from the German Conn's Registry. Concordance was defined as non-suppressible aldosterone levels upon both tests, while discordance was defined as conflicting test results. Patients with unilateral disease were offered adrenalectomy (ADX). Biochemical and clinical outcomes were assessed using the PASO criteria. Results: 85 of 111 (77%) patients had concordant results of CCT and SIT. Although baseline characteristics were comparable between patients with concordant and discordant tests, the latter had significantly lower aldosterone levels after testing (CCT: 170 vs. 114pg/ml; SIT: 139 vs. 101pg/ml; p=0.004). In 35% of patients with discordant (n=9) and 46% of concordant test results (n=39), AVS suggested lateralized PA. In 36 of 48 cases ADX was performed. 86% of patients with discordant and 72% with concordant results had complete biochemical success. Conclusion: The use of two confirmatory tests in patients with PA results in discordant results in approximately 23% of cases. Patients having discordant confirmatory test results had a comparable rate of lateralized PA and underwent adrenalectomy with similar long-term outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Sports-related physical activity is associated with an increased risk of ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmias in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). However, there are currently no standardized strategies for activity assessment. Thresholds for harmful levels of physical activity suggested by previous studies vary substantially and neither lifetime activity burden nor continuous modelling approaches were considered. Methods and results For this single-centre retrospective study, ARVC patients were interviewed to assess sports-related and non-sports-related physical activity between the age of 10 years and the last follow-up. Activity data were aggregated to the median metabolic equivalent of task—hours (METh) per week for each year. The association between cumulative physical activity burden and clinical study endpoints was investigated using Cox regression models. A total of 124 patients (median age: 39.5 years, 48% male) were included in the analysis, of whom 93 had been diagnosed with definite ARVC. Study participants reported a median overall activity of 202.3 METh/week, with 38.7 METh/week attributed to sports-related activity. In the continuous model, cumulative overall activity burden was associated with the occurrence of symptomatic heart failure [hazard ratio (HR) per 100 METh/week: 1.017, 95% CI (1.003, 1.032), P = 0.015], sustained ventricular tachycardia [HR: 1.021, 95% CI (1.006, 1.037), P = 0.007], and implantable cardioverter defibrillator interventions [HR: 1.017, 95%CI (1.000, 1.034), P = 0.048]. This finding was consistent when considering sports-related activity separately as a predictor variable, whereas the resulting hazard ratios did not show a significant association for non-sports-related physical activity. Conclusion This study demonstrates for the first time that cumulative physical activity as a continuous predictor variable is associated with symptomatic heart failure and arrhythmic risk in ARVC patients. Collaborative research is required in larger cohorts to investigate the influence of potential confounders on event occurrence and to develop threshold recommendations for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death form characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overgeneration and lipid peroxidation. Myricetin, a flavonoid that exists in numerous plants, exhibits potent antioxidant capacity. Given that iron accumulation and ROS-provoked dopaminergic neuron death are the two main pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD), we aimed to investigate whether myricetin decreases neuronal death through suppressing ferroptosis. The PD models were established by intraperitoneally injecting 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into rats and by treating SH-SY5Y cells with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), respectively. Ferroptosis was identified by assessing the levels of Fe2+, ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH). The results demonstrated that myricetin treatment effectively mitigated MPTP-triggered motor impairment, dopamine neuronal death, and α-synuclein (α-Syn) accumulation in PD models. Myricetin also alleviated MPTP-induced ferroptosis, as evidenced by decreased levels of Fe2+, ROS, and MDA and increased levels of GSH in the substantia nigra (SN) and serum in PD models. All these changes were reversed by erastin, a ferroptosis activator. In vitro, myricetin treatment restored SH-SY5Y cell viability and alleviated MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cell ferroptosis. Mechanistically, myricetin accelerated nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and subsequent glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) expression in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells, two critical inhibitors of ferroptosis. Collectively, these data demonstrate that myricetin may be a potential agent for decreasing dopaminergic neuron death by inhibiting ferroptosis in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EC Posner [14] proved a commutativity result known as Posner's second theorem for a derivation centralizing on a prime ring. In this paper we prove some results for *-Jordan ideals of MA-semirings with involution. Main objective of this paper is to prove the aforesaid result for *-prime MA-semirings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although many countries have introduced strict guidelines regarding mouth and nose coverage in public to contain infection rates during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, more information is needed regarding the impact of wearing face masks on lactate thresholds (LT) and performance parameters during exercise. Methods: Ten healthy male and 10 healthy female subjects (age = 33.4 [10.26] y, body mass index = 23.52 [2.36] kg/m2) performed 3 incremental performance tests, wearing no mask (NM), surgical mask (SM), and filtering face piece mask class 2 (FFP2), with a cycle ergometer. The authors analyzed changes in the LT, in blood gas parameters, and in the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Results: Performance at LT remained unchanged in subjects wearing SM or FFP2 in comparison with NM (162.5 [50.6] vs 167.2 [58.9] vs 162.2 [58.4] W with NM, SM, and FFP2, respectively, P =.24). However, the peak performance was significantly reduced wearing FFP2 compared with NM (213.8 [71.3] vs 230.5 [77.27] W, FFP2 vs NM, respectively, P <.001). Capillary pCO2 was increased while wearing SM as well as FFP2 compared with NM (29 [3.1] vs 33.3 [4] vs 35.8 [4.9] mmHg with NM, SM, and FFP2, respectively; P <.001), and pO2 decreased under maximum performance (84 [6.7] vs 79.1 [7.5] vs 77.3 [8.2] mmHg with NM, SM, and FFP2, P <.01). Importantly, rating of perceived exertion was significantly increased by wearing FFP2 compared with NM at LT according to Mader (16.7 [2.7] vs 15.3 [1.8] FFP2 vs NM, respectively, P <.01). Conclusion: Wearing face masks during exercise showed no effect on LT, limited maximum performance, and induced discrete changes in capillary pCO2 and pO2 within the physiologic range while increasing RPE at LT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Il Capitale Culturale: Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage is the property of Il Capitale Culturale Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is concerned with the infinite‐horizon optimal control for networked control systems with Markovian packet losses. We focus on the case that packet losses may occur in an unreliable communication channel between the sensor and the controller. This sort of packet loss enables the optimal control problem to fall into the category of optimal output‐feedback control. Also, the output involves multiplicative noise. As well known, the separation principle fails to hold in a multiplicative‐noise setting. Thus the problem is very involved. By solving forward and backward stochastic difference equations and making convergence analysis, we acquire the necessary and sufficient solvability condition and the explicit optimal controller. The achieved results are illustrated by numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonclassical multiphoton have attracted extensive attention to serve as entangled resources for quantum information technology. Here, the continuous‐mode hyper‐entangled W‐class triphotons are theoretically generated through spontaneous six‐wave mixing (SSWM) in 85Rb. In nonlinear optical response, Zeeman sub‐states are high‐dimensionally quantized by polarized dressing. High‐dimensional entanglement is structured via atomic non‐Hermitian nature. Through linear optical response, the temporal correlations are shaped via diverse polarized dressing. SSWM‐based triphoton is a genuine triphoton possessing non‐Gaussian tripartite entanglement. The high production rate is due to co‐action of three strong input fields, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) protection, and slow light effect. Non‐Hermitian nature endows the system with sensitive adjustability around exceptional points (EP). Eventually, the results demonstrate multiple SSWMs causing oscillations with multiple periods in three‐photon temporal correlations for the nonlinear region, build a high‐dimensional three‐body entangled quantum network and transform multifarious profiles of the three‐photon temporal correlations for the linear region. Especially, both high‐dimensional and hyper entanglements are obtained, contributing to high quantum information capacity. Further, the system is switched among multiple states when non‐Hermitian nature is manipulated by polarized dressing. The research opens a broad prospect for generating the hyper‐entangled multiphoton with potential application in adjustable quantum networks of high information capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article aims to study quotient MA-semirings determined by the prime ideals. Derivations are important tools to study algebraic structures. We establish some theorems on commutativity of quotient MA-semirings under certain diffierential identities. Results of this paper are extensions of many well known facts of this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of transplantation has witnessed the emergence of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) as highly promising solutions to address the challenges associated with organ and tissue transplantation. ATMPs encompass gene therapy, cell therapy, and tissue-engineered products, hold immense potential for breakthroughs in overcoming the obstacles of rejection and the limited availability of donor organs. However, the development and academic research access to ATMPs face significant bottlenecks that hinder progress. This opinion paper emphasizes the importance of addressing bottlenecks in the development and academic research access to ATMPs by implementing several key strategies. These include the establishment of streamlined regulatory processes, securing increased funding for ATMP research, fostering collaborations and partnerships, setting up centralized ATMP facilities, and actively engaging with patient groups. Advocacy at the policy level is essential to provide support for the development and accessibility of ATMPs, thereby driving advancements in transplantation and enhancing patient outcomes. By adopting these strategies, the field of transplantation can pave the way for the introduction of innovative and efficacious ATMP therapies, while simultaneously fostering a nurturing environment for academic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contagious wound infection has become one of the most common challenges concomitants with the wounds, causing severe inflammatory responses, and ultimately delaying skin tissue regeneration. Herein, a phenolic-rich Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf hydrophobic (ECG) and hydrophilic extract (ECY), in varied content was fortified within a hypromellose polymeric matrix was characterized, and further targeted as an effective antioxidative, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and hemostasis dressing. Infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis of ECG and ECY fortified composite indicated significant hydrogen bonding-based cross-linking, while scanning electron microscopy image showed a porous structure. The chromatography profiling demonstrated 0.022 ± 0.02 and 0.027 ± 0.01 µg/mg of quercetin for the ECG and ECY fortified composite, respectively. The antibacterial and antioxidant activity of extract incorporated composite was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that of control. Biocompatibility results revealed that composites were compatible with > 80% viability of HaCaT and RAW 264.7 cells. The results of the blood-coagulation and clotting kinetics showed time and dose-dependent hemostasis. Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf hydrophilic extract incorporated composite significantly (p < 0.001) attenuated the nitrite production against lipopolysaccharides-stimulated macrophage cells. Moreover, the HaCaT cell showed migration of 43.59 ± 1.26 (%) and 48.12 ± 1.85 (%) treated with ECG and ECY incorporated composite after 24 h, respectively. Overall, the hydrophilic extract-incorporated composites showed multifarious biological properties, suggesting their potential for comprehensive wound healing dressing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a severe heart disease predisposing to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death caused by mutations affecting intercalated disc (ICD) proteins and aggravated by physical exercise. Recently, autoantibodies targeting ICD proteins, including the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 2 (DSG2), were reported in AC patients and were considered relevant for disease development and progression, particularly in patients without underlying pathogenic mutations. However, it is unclear at present whether these autoantibodies are pathogenic and by which mechanisms show specificity for DSG2 and thus can be used as a diagnostic tool. Methods and Results: IgG fractions were purified from 15 AC patients and 4 healthy controls. Immunostainings dissociation assays, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Western blot analysis and Triton X-100 assays were performed utilizing human heart left ventricle tissue, HL-1 cells and murine cardiac slices. Immunostainings revealed that autoantibodies against ICD proteins are prevalent in AC and most autoantibody fractions have catalytic properties and cleave the ICD adhesion molecules DSG2 and N-cadherin, thereby reducing cadherin interactions as revealed by AFM. Furthermore, most of the AC-IgG fractions causing loss of cardiomyocyte cohesion activated p38MAPK, which is known to contribute to a loss of desmosomal adhesion in different cell types, including cardiomyocytes. In addition, p38MAPK inhibition rescued the loss of cardiomyocyte cohesion induced by AC-IgGs. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that catalytic autoantibodies play a pathogenic role by cleaving ICD cadherins and thereby reducing cardiomyocyte cohesion by a mechanism involving p38MAPK activation. Finally, we conclude that DSG2 cleavage by autoantibodies could be used as a diagnostic tool for AC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Bacterial infection has become one of the most common challenges associated with wound healing, causing severe inflammatory responses, with delayed healing. Herein, a phenolic-rich Psidium guajava leaf ethanolic extract with chlorophyll (PGE), chloroform dechlorophyllized extract (PGC) or sedimentation dechlorophyllized extract (PGS) was fortified within hypromellose polymeric matrix, characterized, and investigated for effective antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, and hemostasis activity. Infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis of PGE, PGC, and PGS fortified composite indicated significant hydrogen bond-based cross-linkage. Scanning electron microscopy of the composite with or without P. guajava leaf extracts showed uniformly distributed porous structure. Antioxidant efficacy and antibacterial activity of the composite fortified with dechlorophyllized extract were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than those of PGE composite. Biocompatibility results revealed that extract-fortified composites were compatible with > 80% viability of HaCaT and RAW 264.7 cells. The blood-coagulation and clotting kinetics assessment showed dose-related hemostasis. Psidium guajava leaf dechlorophyllized extract incorporated composite effectively attenuated the nitrite production against lipopolysaccharides-stimulated macrophage cells with amelioration of HaCaT cell migration. In addition, the dechlorophyllized extract-fortified composite considerably suppressed tyrosinase activity. Overall, the dechlorophyllized extract showed improved bioactive properties, suggesting its potential for wound healing hemostats dressing and anti-melanogenesis with attenuation of inflammatory response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a frequent cause of hypertension. Aldosterone excess together with high dietary salt intake aggravates cardiovascular damage, despite guideline‐recommended mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) treatment. Objectives: To investigate the antihypertensive impact of a moderate dietary salt restriction and associated physiological changes, including mental well‐being. Methods: A total of 41 patients with PA on a stable antihypertensive regimen—including MRA—followed a dietary salt restriction for 12 weeks with structured nutritional training and consolidation by a mobile health app. Salt intake and adherence were monitored every 4 weeks using 24‐h urinary sodium excretion and nutrition protocols. Body composition was assessed by bioimpedance analysis and mental well‐being by validated questionnaires. Results: Dietary salt intake significantly decreased from 9.1 to 5.2 g/d at the end of the study. In parallel, systolic (130 vs. 121 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (BP) (84 vs. 81 mm Hg) improved significantly. Patients' aptitude of estimating dietary salt content was refined significantly (underestimation by 2.4 vs. 1.4 g/d). Salt restriction entailed a significant weight loss of 1.4 kg, improvement in pulse pressure (46 vs. 40 mm Hg) and normalization of depressive symptoms (PHQD scale, p < 0.05). Salt restriction, cortisol after dexamethasone suppression test and dosage of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone‐system (RAAS) blockers were independently associated with BP reduction. Conclusion: A moderate restriction of dietary salt intake in patients with PA substantially reduces BP and depressive symptoms. Moreover, the findings underline that a sufficient RAAS blockade seems to augment the effects of salt restriction on BP and cardiovascular risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Fock–Goncharov higher Teichmüller space variables we derive log-canonical coordinate representation for entries of general symplectic leaves of the |$\mathcal A_n$| groupoid of upper-triangular matrices and, in a more general setting, of higher-dimensional symplectic leaves for algebras governed by the reflection equation with the trigonometric |$R$| -matrix. The obtained results are in a perfect agreement with the previously obtained Poisson and quantum representations of groupoid variables for |$\mathcal A_3$| and |$\mathcal A_4$| in terms of geodesic functions for Riemann surfaces with holes. We realize braid-group transformations for |$\mathcal A_n$| via sequences of cluster mutations in the special |$\mathcal A_n$| -quiver. We prove the groupoid relations for normalized quantum transport matrices and, as a byproduct, obtain the Goldman bracket in the semiclassical limit. We prove the quantum algebraic relations of transport matrices for arbitrary (cyclic or acyclic) directed planar network. Dedicated to the memory of a great mathematician and person, Boris Dubrovin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We introduce the notions of Jordan bi-homomorphism, Jordan bi-derivation, Jordan left bi-derivation on inverse semirings. Some results on rings are generalized in the setting of inverse semirings. More precisely, this work present when Jordan bi-derivation of an MA-semiring S becomes bi-derivation and under which conditions Jordan left bi-derivation on S implies the commutativity of S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the difference of environmental stress and system configuration, as well as the coupling between phases, the phased‐mission system (PMS) has significant disparity in the failure modes and mechanisms of components in different phases. From the perspective of failure mechanism, an initial independent one will affect or be affected by other failure mechanisms during a task, and eventually leads to the failure of system. Therefore, the coupling of failure mechanisms in PMS is considered in this paper, and the recursive quantitative analysis of coupling from failure mechanism level to system level and phase level are accomplished by means of the basic rules of reliability physics. Furthermore, taking a core circuit from an aircraft electronic system as an example, the reliability modeling and analysis are performed. The results show that after considering the coupling relationship between failure mechanisms within each phase, the reliability and lifetime of components are reduced compared with the mechanism‐ independence situation, however, the cumulative failure probability of the system is increased. It reveals that it is very important to involve the coupling relationship between failure mechanisms in the reliability analysis of PMS, which can improve the accuracy of the prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article concerns the use of μηχανήσασθαι and μηχανή in Plato’s Cratylus. After observing that the verb contributes to the etymological practice staged in the discussion as a synonym for a component of the name of Hermes (407e-408b), the etymology of μηχανή proposed in 415a-b is analysed, both from the point of view of the position of this etymology in the Cratylus and from the point of view of the very content of the etymological explanation. At the same time, we note that these terms are at the centre of an epistemological reflection that runs through the entire dialogue and that posits the μηχανή as a provisional and probable explanatory hypothesis, but also one that is fully effective in the absence of (or pending) an explanation closer to the truth of the object studied. The μηχανή thus appears to be a genuine contribution to knowledge that takes into account the cognitive limits of the interlocutors and the progressive nature of research itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper we determine, for all r$r$ sufficiently large, the irreducible component(s) of maximal dimension of the variety of commuting r$r$‐tuples of nilpotent elements of gln$\mathfrak {gl}_n$. Our main result is that in characteristic ≠2,3$\ne 2,3$, this nilpotent commuting variety has dimension (r+1)⌊n24⌋$(r+1)\lfloor \frac{n^2}{4}\rfloor$ for n⩾4$n\geqslant 4$, r⩾7$r\geqslant 7$. We use this to find the dimension of the (ordinary) r$r$th commuting varieties of gln$\mathfrak {gl}_n$ and sln$\mathfrak {sl}_n$ for the same range of values of r$r$ and n$n$. Our principal motivation is the connection between nilpotent commuting varieties and cohomological complexity of finite group schemes, which we exploit in the last section of the paper to obtain explicit values for complexities of a large family of modules over the r$r$th Frobenius kernel (GLn)(r)$(\operatorname{GL}_n)_{(r)}$. These results indicate an inequality between the complexities of a rational G$G$‐module M$M$ when restricted to G(r)$G_{(r)}$ or to G(Fpr)$G(\mathbb {F}_{p^r})$; we subsequently establish this inequality for every simple algebraic group G$G$ defined over an algebraically closed field of good characteristic, significantly extending the main theorem of Lin and Nakano, Inventiones Mathematicae, 138 (1999), 85–101. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Physis is the property of Casa Editrice Leo S. Olschki SRL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rainfall‐runoff models are used to project the impact of climate change on water resources. Often, models are parameterized over historical climate prior to simulating runoff under changed climates. An increasing body of literature indicates that this assumption of model parameter invariance to climate can introduce significant simulation biases as projected climate deviates from historical climate. One way to consider the effect of climate on model parameterization is to regionalize model parameters using historical data and use that information to project parameters' probable distribution under a changed climate. These approaches, termed trading space‐for‐time (TSFT), have shown promising results when simulating mean annual runoff, but their ability to reproduce time varying daily runoff response remains unexplored. Here, we design experiments to identify possible ways to account for the influence of climate on model parameters by building upon a recently developed Whittaker‐biome‐based TSFT framework. We perform 35 experiments, each representing different hypotheses regarding how model parameters may be altered with climate. We test these hypotheses for seven watersheds across the conterminous United States that undergo significant climate change between 1980–1990 and 1999–2009. Our results show that updated parameters for the best experiment increased median Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency for the two most climate‐impacted watersheds in our analyses from 0.37 to 0.35 to 0.64 and 0.49, respectively. Improvements in simulation performance for watersheds transitioning from the boreal forest and the woodland/shrubland biomes to the temperate seasonal forest biome were attributed to altered snow and routing parameters, respectively. Key Points: Develop and test hypotheses to adapt hydrologic models to climate change using the Whittaker‐biome‐based trading space‐for‐time frameworkClimate‐adapted parameters attain median Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.64 compared to 0.37 from calibrated parameters for the most climate‐impacted watershedHypotheses that adapt snow parameters are found to be particularly effective in reducing runoff timing errors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Albendazole is an orally administered anti-parasitic medication with widespread usage in a variety of both programmatic and clinical contexts. Previous work has shown that the drug's pharmacologically active metabolite, albendazole sulfoxide, is characterised by substantial inter-individual pharmacokinetic variation. This variation might have implications for the efficacy of albendazole treatment, but current understanding of the factors associated with this variation remains incomplete. Methodology/Principal findings: We carried out a systematic review to identify references containing temporally disaggregated data on the plasma concentration of albendazole and/or (its pharmacologically-active metabolite) albendazole sulfoxide following a single oral dose. These data were then integrated into a mathematical modelling framework to infer albendazole sulfoxide pharmacokinetic parameters and relate them to characteristics of the groups being treated. These characteristics included age, weight, sex, dosage, infection status, and whether patients had received a fatty meal prior to treatment or other drugs alongside albendazole. Our results highlight a number of factors systematically associated with albendazole sulfoxide pharmacokinetic variation including age, existing parasitic infection and receipt of a fatty meal. Age was significantly associated with variation in albendazole sulfoxide systemic availability and peak plasma concentration achieved; as well as the clearance rate (related to the half-life) after adjusting for variation in dosage due to differences in body weight between children and adults. Receipt of a fatty meal prior to treatment was associated with increased albendazole sulfoxide systemic availability (and by extension, peak plasma concentration and total albendazole sulfoxide exposure following the dose). Parasitic infection (particularly echinococcosis) was associated with altered pharmacokinetic parameters, with infected populations displaying distinct characteristics to uninfected ones. Conclusions/Significance: These results highlight the extensive inter-individual variation that characterises albendazole sulfoxide pharmacokinetics and provide insight into some of the factors associated with this variation. Author summary: Albendazole is a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic medication widely used in the treatment of a variety of parasitic worm infections. Previous studies have demonstrated marked variation in the pharmacokinetics of albendazole (and its pharmacologically active metabolite albendazole sulfoxide), leading to substantial inter-individual variability in blood plasma concentrations of albendazole sulfoxide following an oral dose of albendazole. This variation is thought to have consequences for treatment success but our understanding of the factors driving this variation remains incomplete. In this study, we carried out a systematic review to identify references with data on albendazole and albendazole sulfoxide concentrations in plasma following a single oral dose. We then fitted a mathematical model of albendazole sulfoxide pharmacokinetics to these data to infer key pharmacokinetic parameters and relate them to characteristics of the groups being treated. We found that: 1) receipt of a fatty meal prior to treatment was associated with increased albendazole sulfoxide systemic availability; 2) the half-life of albendazole sulfoxide varied significantly with age, and 3) both echinococcosis and neurocysticercosis were associated with altered albendazole sulfoxide pharmacokinetic profiles compared to healthy individuals. Our work provides insight into some of the factors systematically associated with variation in albendazole sulfoxide pharmacokinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crucial conventional patch-clamp approaches to investigate cellular electrophysiology suffer from low-throughput and require considerable experimenter expertise. Automated patch-clamp (APC) approaches are more experimenter independent and offer high-throughput, but by design are predominantly limited to assays containing small, homogenous cells. In order to enable high-throughput APC assays on larger cells such as native cardiomyocytes isolated from mammalian hearts, we employed a fixed-well APC plate format. A broad range of detailed electrophysiological parameters including action potential, L-type calcium current and basal inward rectifier current were reliably acquired from isolated swine atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes using APC. Effective pharmacological modulation also indicated that this technique is applicable for drug screening using native cardiomyocyte material. Furthermore, sequential acquisition of multiple parameters from a single cell was successful in a high throughput format, substantially increasing data richness and quantity per experimental run. When appropriately expanded, these protocols will provide a foundation for effective mechanistic and phenotyping studies of human cardiac electrophysiology. Utilizing scarce biopsy samples, regular high throughput characterization of primary cardiomyocytes using APC will facilitate drug development initiatives and personalized treatment strategies for a multitude of cardiac diseases. An altered automated patch-clamp (APC) approach enables high-throughput recordings from native pig cardiomyocytes and human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a locally finite (Radon) measure on |$ {\operatorname{SO}}^+(d,1)/ \Gamma $| invariant under a horospherical subgroup of |$ {\operatorname{SO}}^+(d,1) $| where |$ \Gamma $| is a discrete, but not necessarily geometrically finite, subgroup. We show that whenever the measure does not observe any additional invariance properties then it must be supported on a set of points with geometrically degenerate trajectories under the corresponding contracting |$ 1 $| -parameter diagonalizable flow (geodesic flow). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we introduce generalized reverse derivations in semirings and present conditions that lead to the commutativity of additively inverse semirings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ringer's solution prime reduces colloid osmotic pressure and causes edema during cardiopulmonary bypass, while hydroxyethyl starch (HES) can be used to attenuate this effect. Fifty patients were classified into five equal groups: Group I (preoperative patients) is the control group and the other four groups (II, III, IV, V) received different volume ratios of Ringer's solution to HES (1:0, 2:1, 1:2, 0:1, respectively). This study was aimed at evaluating the optimal quantity of HES regarding body fluids expansion, ventilation and recovery time, blood rheologic properties, clotting parameters, platelet counts, blood loss and red blood cell membrane properties. The results showed a reduction in interstitial fluid (ISF) expansion, changes in blood rheologic properties with the increase in HES quantity and shorter ventilation and recovery times in Groups IV and V.We concluded that the optimal HES quantity in the prime is two thirds, which insures an 85% reduction of ISF relative to Group II, shorter ventilation and recovery times and avoidance of the hazards of high levels of HES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To every half-translation surface, we associate a saddle connection graph, which is a subgraph of the arc graph. We prove that every isomorphism between two saddle connection graphs is induced by an affine homeomorphism between the underlying half-translation surfaces. We also investigate the automorphism group of the saddle connection graph and the corresponding quotient graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the notion of Jordan ideals and the Lie ideals in inverse semirings. It includes generalization of some well-known results of Herstein, in the setting of inverse semirings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Assessing lactate (LT) or anaerobic thresholds (AT) in athletes is an important tool to control training intensities and to estimate individual performance levels. Previously we demonstrated that ECG-based assessment of cardiac repolarization instability during exercise testing allows non-invasive estimation of AT in recreational athletes. Here, we validate this method in professional and amateur team sports athletes. Methods: We included 65 team sports athletes (32 professionals and 33 amateur athletes; 51 men, 14 women, mean age 22.3 ± 5.2 years) undergoing a standardized incremental cycle exercise test. During exercise testing a high-resolution ECG (1000 Hz) was recorded in Frank-leads configuration and beat-to-beat vector changes of cardiac repolarization (dT°) were assessed by previously established technologies. Repolarization-based AT (ATdT°) was estimated by its typical dT°-signal pattern. Additionally, LT was detected in accordance to methods established by Mader (LTMader) and Dickhuth (LTDickhuth). Results: All athletes performed exercise testing until exhaustion with a mean maximum workload of 262.3 ± 60.8 W (241.8 ± 64.4 W for amateur athletes and 283.4 ± 49.5 W for professional athletes). Athletes showed ATdT° at 187.6 ± 44.4 W, LTDickhuth at 181.1 ± 45.6 W and LTMader at 184.3 ± 52.4 W. ATdT° correlated highly significantly with LTDickhuth (r = 0.96, p < 0.001) and LTMader (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) in the entire cohort of athletes as well as in the subgroups of professional and amateur athletes (p < 0.001 for all). Conclusions: ATdT°, defined by the maximal discordance between dT° and heart rate, can be assessed reliably and non-invasively via the use of a high-resolution ECG in professional and amateur athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przeglad Prawa Rolnego is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Let S be a 2-torsion free semiprime inverse semiring such that all elements of the form x+x' are in the center of S. We prove that any additive mapping F : S→S satisfying the condition 2F(xyx)+F(x)yx' +x' yF(x) = 0 is a centralizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are times when a curiously odd relic of language presents us with a thread, which when pulled, reveals deep and general facts about human language. This paper unspools such a case. Prior to 1930, English speakers uniformly preferred male-before-female word order in conjoined nouns such as uncles and aunts; nephews and nieces; men and women. Since then, at least a half dozen items have systematically reversed their preferred order (e.g., aunts and uncles, nieces and nephews) while others have not (men and women). We review evidence that the unusual reversals began with mother and dad(dy) and spread to semantically and morphologically related binomials over a period of decades. The present work proposes that three aspects of cognitive accessibility combine to quantify the probability of A&B order: (1) the relative accessibility of the A&B terms individually, (2) competition from B&A order, and critically, (3) cluster strength (i.e., similarity to related A'&B' cases). The emergent cluster of female-first binomials highlights the influence of semantic neighborhoods in memory retrieval. We suggest that cognitive accessibility can be used to predict the word order of both familiar and novel binomials generally, as well as the diachronic change focused on here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ho Theológos is the property of Euno Edizioni and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)