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Delineation of vegetation and water body regions on the earth's surface plays a vital role in the development and planning of an area. For delineation, traditional algorithms and classifiers require more training datasets and interpretation time. For accurate delineation, geometric distortion and mixed pixels in satellite images need to be removed. Geometric distortion is due to various factors such as relief displacement, variations in the satellite altitude and attitude, and curvature of the earth's surface. Mixed pixels arise due to different types of land cover in an area. In this study, the Bayesian optimized transverse dyadic wavelet transform (BO-TDyWT) algorithm enhances the edges and curvatures of a region in an image. BO-TDyWT classifies the vegetation and water bodies in LANDSAT image, which consists of different terrains such as hilly, land and coastal regions. BO-TDyWT removes the geometric distortion and mixed pixels in the hill area water body. Performance of proposed BO-TDyWT algorithm is compared with dyadic wavelet transform and TDyWT. From the results, BO-TDyWT accurately delineates hill areas, vegetation and water body areas than dyadic wavelet transforms and TDyWT. BO-TDyWT results are ground truth verified. The BO-TDyWT algorithm accurately delineates vegetation and water bodies for precise measurement with an accuracy of 96%, which is higher than TDyWT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livestock death and disease are considered to be one of the main factors contributing to poverty in India which can be minimized by insuring the animals. An attempt is made to study livestock insurance schemes and their constraints. From each district of Tamil Nadu, 30 insured farmers who insured their animals were selected by a simple random sampling procedure, i.e. a total of 930 beneficiaries. The majority of them had covered only 1–2 of their dairy cows under the National Livestock Mission (NLM), whereas only 9.90% of the sample respondents' had applied for compensation. In the year 2014–2015, a total number of 29,539 cattle were insured for which an amount of Rs. 13,009,231 was spent under NLM. A similar pattern existed during the period 2016–2017 and 2017–2018. The claim ratio was less than 3%. The claim amount settlement data indicated that in 2014–2015 Rs. 13,612,405 amount was settled which had increased to Rs. 20,093,002 in 2015–2016 and to Rs. 18,695,765 in 2016–2017 and Rs. 15,656421 in the year 2017–2018. The study indicated that the majority of animals (57.62%) have died of metabolic diseases followed by infectious diseases (17.05) and 22.23% of the claims were due to various other diseases. Nonavailability of veterinarians was considered the first and foremost technical constraint and the high premium amount was considered the first and foremost financial constraint. The factors like the number of adult animals, the age of the farmer and the system of rearing were found to be significantly influencing the constraint score given by the farmer. The study concluded that for the scheme to be successful, the first thing to do is to make prompt settlements within a stipulated time period say 60–90 days which would create a positive impact, and the implementation mechanism has to be simpler, hassle-free and prompt to make it successful. Also, steps to make the livestock insurance services available at the doorsteps of the farmers would bring more and more farmers under the ambit of the scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide and its association with stress has become an emerging problem. A collection of linked physiological, biochemical, clinical, and metabolic risk factors is known as the Metabolic Syndrome (MS). High stress level is found associated with vitamin D deficiency and features of metabolic syndrome symptoms. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, perceived stress, metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis among health science Undergraduate (UG) students and also to evaluate the association of vitamin D with percieved stress score, calcium, phosphorus, components of metabolic syndrome and indicators of liver steatosis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in SRM Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Chennai, India, from February 2022 to August 2022. A total of 80 health science UG students in the age group of 19-25 years were included. The parameters included Fasting plasma glucose, Triglycerides (TGL), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDLC), Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT), phosphorus, calcium, and a Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) score scale. Data were statistically analysed using Pearson's correlation test and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the relationship of vitamin D with stress, metabolic syndrome and liver steatosis. Results: In the present study, majority 56 (70%) had vitamin D deficiency, 23 (28.75%) had insufficiency and 1 (1.25%) had sufficiency. An estimated 6 (7.5%) of students experienced low stress, 63 (78.75%) experienced moderate stress and 11 (13.75%) experienced high perceived stress. Indicators of metabolic syndrome occurred in 13 (16.25%) of the population. Nearly 6 (7.5%) of the participants displayed manifestation of fatty liver. A negative association was found between vitamin D with stress score, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, Blood Pressure (BP), phosphorus, fasting plasma glucose, TGL, HDLC, GGT, Fatty Liver Index (FLI) score. Conclusion: In the present study, vitamin D deficiency was most prevalent (70%), followed by metabolic syndrome, high stress and hepatic steatosis. Vitamin D showed a negative correlation with stress score, BMI, waist circumference, BP, phosphorous, fasting plasma glucose, TGL, HDLC, GGT and FLI score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum-based composite reinforced materials produced in situ with titanium boride (TiB2) particulates have higher potential for advanced structural applications where high specific strength modulus as well as superior temperature resistance is imperative. In the present work, aluminum alloy-titanium boride composites were developed using a new combination of in situ techniques. Electrical discharge machining studies were conducted on aluminum alloy-TiB2 composite workpieces using a brass electrode. From the results, it is clear that the material removal rate and surface cracks of the workpiece increase with an increase in current and decreases with increase in the composition of titanium boride.

The research work presents, constrained network coding technique to ensure the successful data transmission based composite channel cmos technology using dielectric properties. The charge fragmentation and charge splitting are two components of the filtered switch domino (FSD) technique. Further behavior of selected switching is achieved using generator called conditional pulse generator which is employed in Multi Dynamic Node Domino (MDND) technique. Both FSD and MDND technique need wide area compared to existing single nodekeeper domino technique. The aim of this research is to minimize dissipation of power and to achieve less consumption of power. The proposed research, works by introducing the method namely Interference and throughput aware Optimized Multicast Routing Protocol (IT-OMRP). The main goal of this proposed research method is to introduce the system which can forward the data packets towards the destination securely and successfully. To achieve the bandwidth and throughput in optimized data transmission, proposed multicast tree is selected by Particle Swarm Optimization which will select the most optimal host node as the branches of multi cast tree. Here node selection is done by considering the objectives residual energy, residual bandwidth and throughput. After node selection multi cast routing is done with the concern of interference to ensure the reliable and successful data transmission. In case of transmission range size is higher than the coverage sense range, successful routing is ensured by selecting secondary host forwarders as a backup which will act as intermediate relay forwarders. The NS2 simulator is used to evaluate research outcome from which it is proved that the proposed technique tends to have increased packet delivery ratio than the existing work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, largely management-focused, is about Creation, Calibration & Development of ""Consultancy* as a professional engagement of the departments in educational institutions in meeting the knowledge and Skill needs of students pursuing education and the needy employees with deficiency of the skills in them. The narratives and the case-based inputs providing the factor - how to go about - in Consultancy are aimed at efficiently MANAGING TO CREATE, CALIBRATE & DEVELOP TO DO CONSULTANCY AS A RESEARCH ORIENTED ACTIVITY. The model and the briefings help any and every department of institutions to enhance and enrich their capabilities through deliverance of Knowledge and skills which are on demand. The large chunk of Un-organized industrial and Service sector employees and the 'knowledge and Skill deficient students' needing employable skills are the beneficiaries. The paper touches all aspects relevant to different stake holders - Educational Institutions, Departments, Teaching Faculty members, students & Skill-needy employees. Adequate light is thrown on the demand available as well as the potential capabilities to deliver. Utilization of Consultancy will be a highly valuable economic contributor to the qualitative and quantitative indices of any country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]