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Land-based literacies scholars have worked to expand understandings of literacies to include often marginalized cultures who understand literacy as resulting from human and more-than-human relations. In this article, we contribute to this broadening of literacies with an analysis of how nature influences the meaning-making practices of rural, subaltern communities in the Global South. Our inspiration stems from indigenous scholars who have advanced indigenous and relational epistemologies, seeking to bridge the nature/culture divide that remains prevalent in Western thinking. The central question that guides this article is: How are Land-based literacies produced through the felt and sensed relationships with nature, history and culture in the Callemar community? Drawing on micro-analysis of participant-generated video data from two walks with Colombian youth and adults from the Callemar community, we illustrate ways naturecultures, specifically the assemblages of Land, collective memory and cultural practices, produce Land-based literacies. We describe Land- walking, including forest- and creek-crossing practices, as literacies that require reading and meaning-making with the Land, and that which allow individuals to relate to other beings and thrive in the changing landscape of their rural community. Our description and discussion of Land-based literacies in this rural community poses important implications for informing pluriversal literacies pedagogies that draw on local knowledges and contexts to make literacy learning more relevant and equitable. Furthermore, we describe the relevance of Land-based literacies for sustainable stewardship of the Land during times of drastic environmental change.

Abstract Aims Incomplete decongestion due to lack of titration of diuretics to effective doses is a common reason for readmission in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). The natriuretic response prediction equation (NRPE) is a novel tool that proved to be rapid and accurate to predict natriuretic response and does not need urine collection. However, the NRPE has not been externally validated. The goal of this study was to externally validate the discrimination capacity of the NRPE in patients with ADHF and fluid overload. Methods and results Patients admitted with ADHF who required intravenous loop diuretics were included. A spot urine sample was obtained ~2 h following diuretic administration, and a timed 6‐h urine collection by study staff was carried out. Urine sodium and urine creatinine from the spot urine sample were used to predict the 6‐h natriuretic response using the NRPE. The primary goal was to validate the NRPE to discriminate poor loop diuretic natriuretic response (sodium output

Esta investigación aborda la influencia de las tendencias pedagógicas y tecnológicas en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, enfocándose en mejorar prácticas educativas en asignaturas críticas, como Fundamentos de Programación, para grupos masivos de estudiantes. Su objetivo fue desarrollar y evaluar una metodología didáctica centrada en el aprendizaje basado en problemas y colaborativo, asistido por computadores, para grupos masivos de estudiantes. Se implementaron estrategias pedagógicas en 35 grupos, de 35 estudiantes cada uno, utilizando aprendizaje basado en problemas y colaborativo, promoviendo la participación activa y la optimización de la retroalimentación; como método utilizado. Dentro de los resultados se evidenció un aumento significativo en el compromiso y participación activa de los estudiantes, una mejora en la comprensión de los conceptos de programación y una optimización en el manejo del tiempo y recursos. Se concluye que la metodología didáctica aplicada demostró efectividad, modernizando las estrategias tradicionales de enseñanza, fomentando el aprendizaje auto dirigido y colaborativo, y mejorando el rendimiento académico en entornos con grupos masivos de estudiantes. Además, promovió habilidades críticas, compromiso estudiantil, proactividad y trabajo en equipo.

Abstract Objective To present a remodeling of the electroretinogram waveform using a covariance matrix to identify regions of interest and distinction between a control and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) group. Electroretinograms were recorded in n = 25 ADHD (16 male; age 11.9 ± 2.7 years) and n = 38 (8 male; age 10.4 ± 2.8 years neurotypical control participants as part of a broad study into the determining if the electroretinogram could be a biomarker for ADHD. Flash strengths of 0.6 and 1.2 log cd.s.m− 2 on a white 40 cd.m− 2 background were used. Averaged waveforms from each eye and flash strength were analyzed with Bayesian regularization of the covariance matrices using 100 equal length time intervals. The eigenvalues of the covariance matrices were ranked for each group to indicate the degree of complexity within the regularized waveforms. Results The correlation matrices indicated less correlation within the waveforms for the ADHD group in time intervals beyond 70 msec. The eigenvalue plots suggest more complexity within the ADHD group compared to the control group. Consideration of the correlation structure between ERG waveforms from different populations may reveal additional features for identifying group differences in clinical populations.

Abstract The Neolithization process introduced remarkable ecological impacts, especially in Mediterranean mountain areas. We generated a comprehensive sedimentary ancient DNA record from the central Pyrenees, spanning 12,200 to 1300 years before present, revealing the earliest continuous presence of sheep (6500 years before present) and cattle (5900 years before present) in alpine southern Europe. This evidence suggests pastoralism nearly concurred with the Neolithic in the Iberian lowlands, challenging prior assumptions of only sporadic occurrence and confirming Neolithic pastoralist use of mountain ecosystems. A notable plant community shift arose at 6000 years before present, with deciduous forests transitioning into diverse open grasslands. This change became pronounced at 4200 years before present, aligning with continuous presence of domesticates and a regional cooling climate, suggesting a synergistic relationship between past climate change and human-induced plant community alteration. These findings highlight complex interactions between climate, human activities, and landscape dynamics during the Neolithic in Mediterranean mountains.

Abstract The aging process is marked by a time-dependent deterioration in cellular functions, particularly the immune and neural systems. Understanding the phenotype acquisition of microglia, the sentinel immune cells of the brain, is crucial for understanding the nature of age-related neurological diseases. However, the specific phenotype adopted by microglia during aging remains a subject of debate and is contingent on the chosen experimental model. To address these unresolved questions, we employed a novel and highly controlled approach utilizing long-term cultivated BV-2 microglia, exempted from additional external stimuli. Our findings revealed that aged microglial cells, in comparison to their younger counterparts, acquire a distinct gene expression profile, primarily characterized by alterations in microglial immune response. Indeed, pro-inflammatory stimulated aged and young BV-2 microglia exhibited similar transcriptomic profiles, yet the response intensity to the stimulus was markedly muted in the aged microglia. Functional neurotoxic assays confirmed diminished neuronal death in coculture with aged, activated microglia, underscoring a compromised immune response. Furthermore, a subsequent comparative analysis of aged BV-2 microglia with established transcriptomic microglial datasets from aged mice and humans identified 13 overlapping genes, laying the foundation for identifying core microglial aging signature. Particularly noteworthy were SLC16A3 and P2RY13, which consistently exhibited upregulation and downregulation, respectively, across all datasets. Additionally, four other genes—CAPG, LGALS3BP, NRIP1, and P2RY12—were found to share regulatory patterns in response to both aging and extrinsic activation. An in-depth investigation focused on SLC16A3, encoding the high-affinity lactate transporter MCT4, revealed disruptions in extracellular acidification rate and lactate concentration with age. Microglial purine sensing and motility capacities, regulated by P2RY12/P2RY13, displayed age-related alterations. Remarkably, protein analysis in human brain tissue validated the observed upregulation of MCT4 and downregulation of P2RY12 in aged microglia. In conclusion, our study unveils a distinct phenotype in aged microglia characterized by compromised immune responsiveness. Through the integration of in vitro cultured BV-2 microglia with primary microglia datasets, we identify critical molecular determinants of microglial cellular aging confirmed in human-aged brain tissue. This comprehensive approach offers potential insights for understanding and potentially reprogramming aged microglia, with implications for combating age-related neurological disorders.

En el contexto del mundo contemporáneo, la literatura española moderna se ha venido desplazando desde un modelo flaubertiano de escritura, es decir, una escritura saturada de convención literaria gracias al estilo y la poética del autor, hacia el territorio de una práctica artística paralela, hermanada y que indirectamente se reintegraría con las artes contemporáneas en el nuevo estadio posmoderno. Así pues, la literatura española contemporánea, en el marco de la revolución digital que determina el contexto cultural del siglo XXI, parece traspasar, superar y avanzar, en su nueva faceta como escritura creativa y arte verbal, más allá de los límites teóricos y categoriales de su concepto moderno, establecido y fundado en las nociones definitorias de lo literario como lo son la ficción, los géneros, el estilo, la función poética o la significación de los textos como estructuras semánticas. La importancia clave que alcanza la experimentación con el medio verbal, en la producción vanguardista de los escritores españoles desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX hasta la actualidad y gracias a los nuevos soportes vinculados a la invención de Internet, las redes sociales y los dispositivos electrónicos, convierte en centrales, dentro de la nueva teoría del arte verbal español, aspectos tales como la materialidad de la escritura y su dimensión gráfica y concreta, técnicas y mecanismos de postproducción de textos como el collage, la apropiación y la derivación (détournement), el montaje (editing), la remezcla (mixing) o el sampleado (sampling), así como la performatividad que desmaterializa el objeto poético y reduce la práctica literaria a una acción artística conceptualista. Este artículo propone una revisión general de tales aspectos desde una perspectiva teórica y las posibilidades de reintegración de la literatura como arte verbal dentro del conjunto de las prácticas literarias y artísticas de autores españoles contemporáneos como José Luis Castillejo, Fernando Millán, Julio Plaza, José-Miguel Ullán, Germán Sierra, Vicente Luis Mora, Jorge Carrión, María Salgado o Laía Argüelles Folch.

This qualitative study explores how a group of preservice teachers make sense of task-based language teaching principles and characteristics, especially amidst remote instruction. We draw on the analysis of 13 preservice teachers' lesson plans and teaching guides as they transitioned from in-person to remote instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. An analysis of the lesson plans using task-based language teaching principles as a framework revealed that preservice teachers implemented principles differently during in-person and remote teaching. Interestingly, the use of the principles sometimes contrasts with what the participants report in their reflections. We discuss the challenges English as a foreign language teachers face when adapting methods such as task-based language teaching to the demands of new teaching contexts.

Flies belonging to the families Streblidae and Nycteribiidae are highly specialized arthropods that feed on the blood of bats. Their morphology varies and has adapted throughout their coevolutionary history with hosts. Bat flies are often associated with specific bat species and can establish distinct infracommunities. Interaction networks have been used to better understand these associations, revealing interaction modules between bats and their parasites. The Magdalena River basin is the largest in Colombia, encompassing a wide variety of climatic and ecological conditions, with up to 98 bat species reported. We conducted field trips to capture bats and bat flies in different locations along the basin and reviewed literature records and biological collections to gather additional data on interactions between bats and bat flies in this region. We found a high diversity of bats and bat flies in the Magdalena River basin, revealing a medium specialization and modularity in these interactions. We identified bat fly infracommunities and negative associations between certain bat fly species, suggesting competition for resources within hosts. The specialization is similar to that reported in degraded and fragmented habitats where the availability of shelters decreases, favoring the overcrowding of bats, forming multi-species colonies. In conclusion, our study provides important information on the interactions between bats and bat flies in the Magdalena River basin, expanding knowledge about the diversity and structure of these communities in inter-Andean landscapes.

The coexistence of fibrous dysplasia and aneurysmal bone cyst in the craniofacial region is extremely rare. This article presents a unique case involving the skull base, diagnosed using computed tomography and magnetic resonance. Imaging revealed a characteristic expansile mass with a ground-glass appearance alongside cystic areas exhibiting fluid-fluid levels, indicative of fibrous dysplasia and aneurysmal bone cyst. Surgical resection was performed successfully, although significant intraoperative hemorrhage was encountered, leading to hypovolemic shock and cardiorespiratory arrest. This case underscores the essential role of imaging in accurate diagnosis and highlights the bleeding risks associated with surgical treatment of fibrous dysplasia with aneurysmal bone cyst. Preoperative embolization is suggested as a strategy to mitigate bleeding risk during surgery.

This work introduces a boost converter with quadratic gain. Its main advantage compared to well-known similar quadratic boost converters is that it requires capacitors with a relatively small capacitance and inductors with small inductance, leading to a reduction in the size or stored energy while performing a power conversion of similar power rating and the same switching ripples in both the input current and the output voltage. It is inspired by the recently introduced ISB converter and uses a specific PWM method. This results in achieving switching ripple constraints while using smaller energy storage elements (capacitors and inductors). The updated converter offers the same voltage gain compared to the conventional quadratic boost topology with the benefit of compact component sizes. While it has more passive elements, they are of reduced size. An analysis of energy storage revealed that this new converter uses only half the energy in inductors and 14% in capacitors when compared to specific design parameters.

Introducción. La toxoplasmosis congénita es una enfermedad parasitaria de importante prevalencia a nivel mundial, con gran morbilidad y afectación del neurodesarrollo en pacientes pediátricos. Objetivo. Describir las secuelas y valorar el neurodesarrollo de pacientes pediátricos con toxoplasmosis congénita en el Hospital Militar Central del 2013 al 2020. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal, con componente analítico, que incluyó los pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de toxoplasmosis congénita que consultaron al Hospital Militar Central durante el periodo de enero de 2013 a diciembre de 2020. En los niños menores de seis años, se utilizó la escala de neurodesarrollo Ages and Stages Questionnaires 3. Resultados. Se incluyeron 45 pacientes con toxoplasmosis congénita confirmada, con una media de edad de 5,9 años; 60 % eran de sexo masculino. El 11,2 % estaban sintomáticos al nacer y el 33 % presentó coriorretinitis. Durante el seguimiento, el 73 % presentó secuelas oftalmológicas; el 64 %, tenía calcificaciones en la tomografía computarizada; el 4,4 %, hidrocefalia; el 11,2 %, parálisis cerebral, y el 13,4 %, epilepsia focal. El 58 % de los menores de seis años presentó compromiso del neurodesarrollo y el 62 % de los mayores de seis años tenía déficit cognitivo. En esta cohorte, el 68 % de los pacientes recibió tratamiento posnatal. Se obtuvo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre no recibir tratamiento y las secuelas oftalmológicas (OR = 5,2; p < 0,001). Conclusiones. La toxoplasmosis congénita se asoció con secuelas a largo plazo, similares a las descritas en otras series de casos latinoamericanos. Es de suma importancia hacer un diagnóstico temprano, con evaluación, tratamiento y seguimiento interdisciplinario oportunos en los pacientes colombianos para mejorar su pronóstico.

El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar y reconstruir la devoción y promoción a la santidad que tuvieron los mártires jesuitas de las misiones de Tepehuanes en los albores del siglo XVII en la Nueva España, desde la redacción de informaciones, la creación de dibujos y pinturas, y especialmente por la veneración de sus reliquias y los milagros alcanzados por quienes las poseían. A través del análisis de testimonios e imágenes se demuestra su invención y devoción no solo como ejemplos del triunfo de las acciones misioneras en el Nuevo Mundo, sino también como la posibilidad de ser declarados mártires, prueba patente de la madurez espiritual de las tierras conquistadas a partir de un nuevo arquetipo martirial. El entorno marginal de la Nueva España —las inestables fronteras de misión y avance— fue de gran importancia en la dinámica espiritual de su tiempo, por el afán de sus habitantes cristianos para participar en la creación de nuevas devociones y objetos de culto que replicaran la experiencia europea a través de las reliquias.

En las zonas altas del trópico de Colombia, el pasto kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus) es la opción forrajera predominante. Conocer su valor energético in vivo es fundamental para la formulación de raciones. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: (i) Determinar la densidad energética del pasto kikuyo en términos de energía digestible (ED), metabolizable (EM) y neta (EN) a partir de pruebas de balance en vacas lecheras de la raza Holstein; (ii) Evaluar el potencial del pasto kikuyo para sostener la producción de leche en animales alimentados mayoritariamente con pasto; (iii) Estimar la tasa de sustitución (TS) del pasto kikuyo, entendida como la reducción en el consumo de pasto cuando se incorpora un suplemento concentrado en la dieta. Se utilizó un diseño transeccional de naturaleza descriptiva, en el cual se emplearon cuatro vacas lactantes con 196 días en lactancia, que diariamente consumieron pasto kikuyo ad libitum (98.4% del consumo total) más 0.3 kg de suplemento/animal/día. Para realizar la partición energética, se cuantificaron las pérdidas energéticas a través de las heces, orina, emisión entérica de metano y producción de calor; además, se determinó la producción de leche con la dieta, basada mayoritariamente en pasto. Al restringir el suplemento concentrado, todos los animales perdieron peso (-2.4%), aumentaron el consumo de materia seca (MS) de pasto (+24.6%), disminuyeron el consumo de MS total (-17.2%) y la producción de leche corregida al 4% de grasa (LCG4, -18.3%). La densidad energética de la dieta en términos de ED y EM fue de 2.78±0.13 y 2.37±0.08 Mcal/kg MS, respectivamente, mientras su contenido de EN fue estimado en 1.39±0.26 Mcal/kg MS. La producción de leche con base en el consumo de pasto, estimada a partir del balance energético, fue 13.20±3.84, fluctuando entre 8.8 y 15.9 kg LCG4/animal/día. La TS fue 0.56±0.10 kg MS de pasto/kg MS de concentrado.

Abstract The KRAS oncogene drives many common and highly fatal malignancies. These include pancreatic, lung, and colorectal cancer, where various activating KRAS mutations have made the development of KRAS inhibitors difficult. Here we identify the scaffold protein SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domain 3 (SHANK3) as a RAS interactor that binds active KRAS, including mutant forms, competes with RAF and limits oncogenic KRAS downstream signalling, maintaining mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) activity at an optimal level. SHANK3 depletion breaches this threshold, triggering MAPK/ERK signalling hyperactivation and MAPK/ERK-dependent cell death in KRAS-mutant cancers. Targeting this vulnerability through RNA interference or nanobody-mediated disruption of the SHANK3–KRAS interaction constrains tumour growth in vivo in female mice. Thus, inhibition of SHANK3–KRAS interaction represents an alternative strategy for selective killing of KRAS-mutant cancer cells through excessive signalling.

La nutrición animal permite el adecuado funcionamiento del organismo y es un pilar básico para el mantenimiento del equilibrio homeostático. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el porcentaje de Clínicas Veterinarias de Medellín que realizan la valoración nutricional en sus consultas, los parámetros utilizados para realizarla e identificar las principales enfermedades de origen nutricional en caninos y felinos. 72 clínicas Veterinarias de Medellín fueron encuestadas. El 60% de las Clínicas Veterinarias no realizan la valoración nutricional y usan parámetros como condición corporal (40,7%), alimentación (44,7%) peso (11,8%) y estado del pelo (2,6%). Los índices usados para realizarla fueron ICM (5,1%), ICC (37,1%), IMC (5,1%). El 43,6% de los perros y gatos que llegan al mes por consulta son debidos a problemas nutricionales, siendo los más frecuentes gastroentéricos y dermatológicos. Es necesario implementar formatos para la evaluación nutricional con el fin de prevenir enfermedades y mejorar la salud de los animales.

Este trabajo permite divulgar metodologías aplicadas para la estimación de la contribución de diferentes fuentes de emisión sobre la calidad del aire, a partir de datos históricos de caracterización del PM2.5 en la ciudad de Medellín, entre 2009 y 2011, como línea base para estudios actuales en la temática. El análisis completo de las variaciones horarias en los datos de concentración de PM2.5, muestran que existe un claro comportamiento estacional de los datos, con pico claramente diferenciado en horas de la mañana. Este fenómeno está relacionado con la influencia del tráfico vehicular y condiciones de dispersión de contaminantes en el Valle de Aburrá, Colombia. Un análisis químico de las muestras recogidas confirmó la influencia del tráfico en las concentraciones de PM2.5. Finalmente, a partir de la caracterización PM2.5 se aplicó el modelo PMF para identificar las fuentes de aporte de PM2.5 en tres zonas del área urbana con alta movilidad.

This cross-sectional study aims to respond three research questions: (1) Do perceived teaching styles predict students' motivation, academic engagement, and disaffection? (2) Does students' motivation predict engagement and disaffection? (3) Does motivation mediate the influence of teaching styles in students' engagement and disaffection? A convenience sample of 409 social work undergraduates from Spain (80.9% females) completed a questionnaire with these constructs. Structural equation modeling analyses showed that perceived teaching styles directly only predicted students' autonomous and controlled motivation. These two modalities of motivation predicted engagement and disaffection and mediated the influence of teaching styles on engagement and disaffection. These findings highlight the need for interventions enhancing teachers' autonomy-support and structure and reducing control.

Research Findings: This study examined the association between preschool children's social-emotional competence (SEC), defined by their social skills and problem behaviors, and numeracy skills. It also examined if any subdomains of SEC predicted preschool numeracy above and beyond latent social skills or problem behaviors variables. Data came from a state-funded prekindergarten evaluation study (N = 684) and were collected using teacher-reported SEC and direct assessments. Using structural equation modeling, we found that social skills in the fall of preschool significantly predicted numeracy in the spring of preschool and that the subdomain of cooperation predicted numeracy skills above and beyond the social skill latent construct. Problem behaviors were not significantly associated with SEC. Practice or Policy: The findings suggest that the social skills children enter preschool with may help them develop early numeracy skills across preschool. In addition, teaching math concepts to preschoolers in ways that are also social in nature may be beneficial. Practice implications include promoting numeracy skills in children through SEC development by encouraging parent involvement and providing socialized educational experiences before they enter preschool.