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The enormous growth and development of technology, especially since the beginning of the 21st century, has led to an increase in the amount of information we are surrounded by. Thanks to this fact, the basis for action and accelerated development of programs based on artificial intelligence concepts was created. The mentioned programs base their work on the automated processing, collection and systematization of data without the participation of human activity in these processes, that is, without the use of human intelligence. Due to the speed and efficiency of such a way of manipulating a large amount of data, the concept of artificial intelligence introduces numerous changes and totally changes the way numerous social areas function. The subject of the author's interest will be pointing out the very importance and way of functioning of the concept of artificial intelligence, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of that concept, and all through looking at its impact on economic development.

Catalytic degradation of tartrazine in the presence of Oxone® activated by a catalyst constituted of cobalt supported on a nanocomposite of smectite with chitosan-derived carbon was investigated. The catalyst was synthesized using cobalt impregnation followed by carbonization at 773 K in an inert atmosphere. The synthesized catalyst was previously fully characterized using appropriate characterization methods, including XRPD, XPS, FTIR, HRTEM, and low-temperature N2-physisorption analysis. The catalytic experiments were performed by varying different experimental parameters (dye concentration, Oxone® concentration, temperature, and initial pH of the reaction solution). The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were estimated from the experimental results. The kinetics data showed the best fit with the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The activation energy of the investigated degradation process was calculated according to the Arrhenius equation. The catalyst showed excellent performance at low temperatures even at 298 K, and in the wide range of pH values.

Restrictive agreements are agreements among market participants that significantly restrict, distort or prevent competition. This paper aims to elucidate the concept of restrictive agreements as a form of competition infringement within the scientific, professional and businesslegal communities. The paper systematizes the definitions of this concept and examines the relevant laws and regulations governing it. Additionally, the paper will analyze and evaluate the efficacy of the Commission for the Protection of Competition, highlighting both its strengths and weaknesses in making decisions on the prevention of monopolies. Through an analysis of the commission’s decisions concerning companies operating within the territory of the Republic of Serbia, this paper identifies challenges and proposes solutions to enhance the Commission’s effectiveness.

Methods of absorption and Raman spectroscopy were applied in this study to analyze functions and amounts of photosynthetic pigments in the leaf of maize inbred lines (M1-3-3Sdms, ZPPL186, and ZPPL225). Absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the dynamics of biosynthesis of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. Raman spectroscopy was used to present the dynamics of biosynthesis of carotenoids and other compounds in terms of origin and kinetic form of the formation of spectra with all spectral bands. Organic molecules and compounds causing the formation of certain spectral bands in the Raman spectrum (carotenoids, phosphates, glycogen, amid III, and others) were determined. Conformational and functional changes of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of the maize inbred lines, which occur due to changes in the ratio (quotient), were analyzed. The ratios (quotients) obtained indicate different contributions of valence oscillations of their chemical bonds, which inevitably alter the conformation of molecules and compounds. The results presented for the overall study point to minor biogenic differences among the maize inbred lines under study.

The accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in agricultural soils and their subsequent uptake by plants, posing risks to agricultural products and con­sumers is of particular concern for investigation. Vineyard soils are especially vulnerable to pollution from various sources, including agrochemicals, fertilizers and surrounding polluting activities. This research is based on the BCR sequential extraction method to assess PTE speciation in vineyard soil samples. Additionally, it investigates the bioaccumulation of PTEs in grapevines (Cabernet sauvignon and Sauvignon blanc) and evaluates potential health risks for consumers of grapevine products based on each investigated PTE. The find­ings reveal that certain PTEs, Cd, Mn, Ba, Co, Pb and Cu exhibit significant mobility and bioavailability in vineyard soils, emphasizing the importance of continuous monitoring for food safety. The bioaccumulation potential, based on calculated biological accumulation concentration (BAC), exists for some elements, especially for Cu and Zn from easily avail­able soil phase. The human health risk assessment indicates that the consumption of grape­vine products poses minimal risk (HQ < 1) to consumers. Anyhow, among the investigated PTEs, Ba and Cu have the highest HQs. This research contributes to a better understanding of PTE dynamics in vineyard environments, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and control measures to ensure agricultural product safety and protect consumers’ health.

After a period marked by the global pandemic of COVID-19 and its effects on the social and economic aspects, it becomes obvious that the world will have consequences for a long time. This study sought to determine the predominant category of fear that has the most significant impact on the propensity of potential tourists to visit destinations that have been affected by the pandemic and which, due to prevailing prejudices, have been categorized as "dangerous". The research was carried out in the Republic of Serbia on a sample of 800 respondents. The SPSS 21.00 program was used for data processing, and empirical findings clarify that different categories of fear have a visible influence in shaping prejudices associated with "dangerous" travel destinations. These preconceptions have a noticeable effect on the tendency to travel to destinations that are categorized as dangerous. The analysis further found gender-based disparities, with men showing greater apprehension about financial and natural hazards, while women showed increased concerns about the risks of contracting COVID-19 and traveling to risky destinations.

The subject of this research are stands of bosnian pine in the area of the mountain massif Visitor with Zeletin in Montenegro. Considering the fact that these forests are unexplored, due to their small area and the absence of economic interest (the strictest protection regime), the research task of this paper is to conduct an adequate research of one of the most preserved white-bark pine populations in this areas in structural and partly production terms. The bosnian pine stands on Mt. Zeletin belong to two management units: FMU “Piševska Reka - Zeletin” and FMU “Kutska Reka” which occupy an area of 160 ha. The research included the accessible parts of sections 2/b, 3/a, 5/a, 28/a and 28/s, in which 8 sample plots (SP) of an 30 ar area each were established (4 SP in pure and 4 SP in mixed stands). The SPs are vertically distributed between 1,550 and 1,850 m a.s.l. In pure stands, the average number of trees (for 4 SPs) is 723 pcs∙ha-1, the basal area is 74 m2∙ha-1, and the volume is 529 m3∙ha-1, which are considered high values given the conditions in which these stands have developed. In mixed stands, the numerical elements show significantly higher values: the number of trees is 875 pcs∙ha-1, the basal area is 87 m2∙ha-1 and the volume is 721 m3∙ha-1. A high degree of correlation was found between the values of volumes (unweighted and weighted) and the values of dominant heights. The mixed stands reveal a more heterogeneous structural development. Bosnian pine trees cluster at short distances, which is probably the result of a struggle for survival in highly unfavorable conditions. As these stands are subjected to spontaneous development over a long period of time, their research provides the opportunity to get to know more about bosnian pine ecology. Considering its modest requirements towards habitat conditions, bosnian pine has considerable advantages when choosing a species for afforestation of the most unfavorable sites.

The paper presents a letter from Baron Engelshofen sent at the end of 1743 to Patriarch Arsenije IV (Jovanović Šakabenta), in which the issue of convening the Serbian National-Ecclesial Congress (1744) is considered. Baron Engelshofen here informed the patriarch about his plein potentiel as an imperial commissioner at the assembly, depicted the basis for convening the assembly and asked the patriarch to determine the exact date and number and names of the deputies (deputations) at the assembly. In historiography, the Congress of 1744 was accepted as one of the most important, because it also confirmed the Serbian Privileges by Maria Theresa and their translation into Serbian (i.e., Slavo-Serbian). Therefore, the authors believe that the attached document expands the knowledge about the functioning of Serbian privileged issues in the Habsburg Monarchy during the 18th century. After the Second Migration and the Peace of Belgrade (1739), the question of the status of the Serbian people was addressed. Also, the War for the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) in the first phase brought into question the survival of the Habsburg Monarchy, which brought relations within the state to a new level. Mostly to quell the dissatisfaction of the Serbian people due to the legal article 46/1741 Dieta Posonienssis, which prescribed that only Roman Catholics in Croatia and Slavonia have the right to immovable property, as well as legal article 18/1741, which required the development of Tissa and Moris Frontier and the inclusion of their territories in the Hungarian county system, at the request of the Serb National Deputation. Maria Theresa confirmed the Privileges on April 24, 1740 through the Austrian Court Chancellery and on May 18, 1743 through the Hungarian Court Chancellery declaring them military authorities on August 4, 1743.

In a large number of plant species, including maize, different phenotypic traits have undergone major changes through the breeding process, resulting in the creation of varieties and hybrids of good agronomic performance. This study aimed to examine the variability of the plant height (PH) and plant height to the uppermost ear (EH) of maize top cross hybrids obtained from crossing 31 local landraces with three genetically divergent testers (L217, L73B013 and L255/75-5). Top cross hybrids were tested in a two-year experiment, at four locations, in two replicates. The grand mean of top cross hybrids for PH and EH were 255.8 cm and 101.8 cm. Analysis of variance showed that all sources of variation (environment - year × location (E), landrace (B), tester effect (A), as well as their interactions) were highly significant (p≤0.01), except for triple interaction (A × B × E). The coefficients of variation for the PH and EH were 4.76% and 8.87%. A highly significant correlation was found between the examined traits (r=0.785; p

Nannies work is specific and highly sensitive, considering that it includes keeping and caring for children according to their age, taking care of physical and psychological health, safety, nutrition and hygiene, respecting their rights, personal integrity and dignity. The nannies job description includes taking care of children's daily rest, play, entertainment, school duties, free activities, and may also include taking children to and from school, on recreational and additional educational activities, with continuous monitoring and improvement of their physical, emotional, intellectual and social development. Education and upbringing of children is also an important segment of the nannies activity, as well as teaching life and social skills, according to the parents instructions. Bearing in mind the peculiarities and nature of the job of a nanny, there is a need to more precisely determine their labor protection in the law of the Republic of Serbia. By creating a more precise legislative framework for the performance of nannies, multiple benefits would be achieved: nannies would receive a higher degree of labor law protection, and parents and children would have greater security, because it would be possible for children to be cared for by professionally qualified persons in an adequately arranged space, in the prescribed manner under the continuous supervision and control of competent institutions over their work.

Engineers are educated and trained to take the lead in sustainable development, tackling worldwide difficulties like depletion of natural resources, contamination, fast-growing populations, and ecological degradation. The relevance of government entities dealing with sustainable development is linked to the societal problem of future education. While all social-economical and/or technical variables play a role in determining the outlook in which each competence originates, novel-adaptive thinking, social intelligence, design mentality, and sense-making, social imagination (cross-sectoral fertilization), cognitive load management, virtual collaboration and networking, and novel media literacy suggest representing crucial drivers for the development of each ability. An extensive selection of continuing education programs enables graduates to improve subject-specific skills and extend their professional networks, with the objective of preparing motivated and highly-trained professionals for the job market. It is feasible to achieve the aim of a sustainable engineering future by recognizing the relevance of these criteria, comprehending, and adequately fulfilling them.

In this paper, the grain and structural parts of the grain of maize hybrid ZP 677 were studied, using Infrared Spectroscopy - Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR). The ATR spectra of grain, endosperm, pericarp and germ of maize hybrid are characterized by a number of bands, band intensity, band kinetics and band location distribution in the wavelength range 400 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1. These parameters were specifically tested for both, the grain and the endosperm, pericarp and germ. Spectral bands that are very high and high intensity usually range from 3 to 5, characterized by different intensity, kinetic forms, as well as by the distribution of origin in the wavelength range. These spectral bands enable the identification of the following organic compounds: proteins, carotenoids, ethers, cellulose, lipids, carboxylic acids, amino acids, protein amides, alkanes, sugars, carbohydrates, ketones, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes and amines. Spectral bands of grains, endosperm, pericarp and germs that are low and very low intensity are also characterized by the number of bands, low bandwidth, distribution of the place of origin, and especially by the oscillation frequency of valence bonds of functional groups of organic molecules. Spectral bands that are low and very low intensity enable the identification of organic molecules, compounds and their fragments, as well as the identification of various forms of excited states of molecular structures and excited states of valence bonds of organic molecules. The excited state of molecular structures and the excited state of valence bonds of functional groups of organic molecules are manifested in various forms of oscillatory motion. Examples of functional groups of organic molecules in which all the mentioned excited states of molecular structures and excited states of valence bonds occur are alcohols, amines, alkynes, ketones, alkenes, ester, lipids, carbonyl group (ester), amides, nitrogen-hydrogen group, (NH), primary amines, carboxylic acids, amides, acid chlorides, nitrites, amides, carbonyl group (amide), aliphatic carbon-hydrogen bond and aldehydes.

Presented research aimed to develop an alternative approach for the estimation of biosorption capability of sunflower husk. The acid-pretreated sunflower biomass was characterized by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Biosorption efficiency has been evaluated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was determined as the function of the pH of the solution, the initial concentration of heavy metal solutions, and contact time. The optimal conditions were achieved after 15 min of contact at pH 6, while the percentage of the removal was from 80.0–98.7 %, depending on the element. The results obtained from the kinetic and isotherm studies show that maximum adsorption of ions was quickly reached and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Real samples were tested and obtained Ni values by LIBS method were 3100±200 and 1240±100 mg kg-1, while estimated values by the ICP-OES were 2995±20 and 1130±10 mg kg-1, respectively. The obtained results prove that LIBS method can be used as a “green alternative” for the evaluation of biosorption efficiency.

In order to further define the potential use of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, as a non-destructive and reliable technique, for the analysis of the characteristics of post stamps, certified originals of the Principality of Serbia stamps (“Prince Michael issues”) issued in 1866 and 1868 as well as their forgeries were analyzed. Spectra enabling the comparison of the paper, dye and glue of stamps of so-called “Vienna issues”, having denominations of 10 (orange-yellow), 20 (pink) and 40 para (blue) and “Belgrade issues” (1 para-green and 2 para-reddish brown), as well as 24 expert-certified forgeries, were taken. It was shown that the applied technology was, in most of the cases, a fast and suitable technique for establishing clear differences between the spectral characteristics of the paper and dye used for the original stamps, and forgeries that were most probably made decades after the printing of the genuine stamps. The differences between printings of the same issues of the genuine stamps were also elaborated. It is proposed, for the first time in philatelic history, the possibility that “Vienna issues” stamps may have been printed on two different papers, and, having in mind the technology of printing in the 19th century, potentially, not even at the same time or in the same printing house.

Background/Aim. Numerous studies have indicated that university students exhibit a variety of risky health behaviors, such as the lack of regular physical activity and u n-healthy eating habits. Due to lack of information about students’ lifestyles in Serbia, we designed a study with the following aims: 1) to investigate physical activity and eating habits variations of students according to gender, year of study and attended faculty; 2) to estimate the relationship between their physical activity and eating habits. Methods. The survey method was used. Data were collected in the 2016/2017 school year during the spring semester. The sample was randomly stratified (4,019 students of the University of Belgrade – 2,284 males), which corresponded to about 5% of the whole student population of the University of Belgrade. For data collection, two standardized questionnaires were used: International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Youth/Adolescent Food Questionnaire (YAQ). Results. Male students were significantly more highly and moderately active than female students [3.15 vs. 2.80 days, respectively; p = 0.003, effect size (ES) = 0.651]. Correspondingly, female students were less active during the day (326 vs. 305 min; p = 0.044, ES = 0.232). Interaction between factors revealed that the most active on a weakly basis were fourth-year male students of the natural sciences (4.20 days), while on a daily basis, the most active were first-year female students (161 min). The most sedentary ones were third-year female students of medical sciences (475 min of sitting per day). Significant correlations were found between the duration of intense physical activity and consuming water, vegetables, citrus fruits, integral bread, and cereals. Conclusion. Female students were more prone to sedentary behavior, while older students were more active and aware of the importance of physical activity. Further-more, the nature of studies can influence the lifestyle. Female and older students were more concerned about diets. Additionally, students who were more physically active had healthier eating habits.

Throughout the 18th century, anarchy raged through the Ottoman Empire, the consequences of which directly affected Christian subjects, who felt growing property and legal insecurity. The Turkish central government almost did not exist. Although Porta repeatedly tried to curb anarchy and separatist movements with a series of firmans and berets, little was achieved in that regard. In the years after the Great Migration, the settlement of Arbanasi tribes from the mountainous areas of northern Albania began. Supported by the Ottoman authorities, in the following decades, the Arbanassis turned the central area of Old Serbia into a scene of feudal and tribal anarchy and bloody reckoning with the Serbian Orthodox population. Burdened with numerous taxes and levies, as well as reading, which was often imposed by force by Muslim masters, the Serbian population was increasingly materially declining. The difficult situation was further aggravated by numerous Kachak gangs, bashibozluk and janissaries, who systematically plundered the serbian christian population. The unbearability of such a difficult position will give rise in the first years of the 19th century to the desire for liberation from the centuries-old Turkish rule, which will be manifested in the outbreak of the First Serbian Uprising in 1804 in the Belgrade pashaluq.

This paper aims to analyze the relationship between reverse globalization, the digital markets, and competition policy within the EU. Based on the review of contemporary literature, this paper provides an insight into the EU adaptation to the changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Reverse globalization is identified through the trends in the international trade and FDI flows, while the digital markets' development is evaluated through the Number of individuals using the Internet to order goods and services and ECommerce sales. While this paper uses secondary data sources, it uniquely connects the identified reverse globalization and digital markets expansion with necessary changes in the competition policy pre and during the COVID19 pandemic. Additionally, this paper provides policymakers and business owners with relevant information and possible avenues to improve the competition policy and business strategy.

The paper presents an analysis of reluctance actuator for speckle reducing in laser based projectors, head-up displays, metrology and 3D scanning units to improve the quality of the generated images by a moving diffuser. Design concepts for one-dimensional laser speckle reducer actuator are analyzed through different designs structures. There are two resonant structures with three spring lengths, and two actuation structures with single tooth and double teeth. Reluctance actuator is evaluated in details, taking into account simple design and functional requirements of the laser speckle reducer (generated force and maximum displacement). The resonate frequency and influence of geometrical parameters are determined with the use of COMSOL Multiphysics. The forces developed through the actuating structures are obtained from the simulated material magnetic flux distribution, saturation. Evaluation suggests the next steps in the actuating structure optimization from which better performance of the device could be obtained.

The yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L., Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is an edible insect, distributed worldwide and a convenient candidate for industrial-scale production. Mealworms could be commercially used for the substitution of conventional protein sources. In our previous study, it was found that T. molitor larvae predominantly contained crude protein (55.83%) and crude fat (25.19%), as well as low content of nitrogen-free extract (based on dry weight). Mealworm specimens were maintained in an incubator under controlled conditions in plastic containers. Insects were sieved and put into the container with boiling water and cooked for 180 seconds. Moisture content was determined as weight loss after drying of larvae. Amino acids were determined on an Agilent Technologies 1260 series HPLC system. Fatty acid composition was determined on a Thermo Scientific TRACE 1300 gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector using TR-FAME column. The results showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acid is very high, i.e. oleic acid (C18:1) formed the major lipid component in 40.83%, which was followed by linoleic acid (C18:2, omega-6 fatty acid) with 29.80% and linolenic acid (C18:3) with 1.08%. The essential amino acids are highly represented in the samples (in % dry matter). This primarily refers to isoleucine (4.12), tyrosine (3.86), phenylalanine (3.06), leucine (2.96), lysine (2.67) and methionine (1.76). The differences in essential fatty and amino acid content between our results and discussed literature data, could be the consequence of different substrates used for rearing of insects. After everything stated above, the biological value of T. molitor larvae proves that it could be suitable as animal feed.

The use of insects as “novel” and natural feed materials seems to be an attractive alternative protein source for poultry, pigs and fish since more than 80% of their chemical composition (dry weight basis) is crude protein and crude fat content. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine some chemical composition parameters of powdered mealworm larvae, as a potential animal feed as well as human novel food. It was found that the crude protein (55.83%) and crude fat (25.19%) content was predominant, as well as that the content of nitrogen-free extract was low. Coincided with the high protein content, the levels of the most important amino acids were found to be considerable, especially lysine (3.18%) and threonine (1.34%). Crude fibre content was 7.15%, while ash was 4.84%. The samples were found to be rich in most nutritive elements, especially phosphorus (1.06%) and potassium (1.12%) in terms of macroelements, and zinc (138.2 mg/kg) in terms of microelements. Based on our research and other experimental results, it can be concluded that meals from the insects originating from the order Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae (mealworms) may be successfully used as feed material in diets of livestock animals, especially poultry.

The nature, role, and significance of low intensity spectral bands con­tained within the infrared spectra of kernels of high-yielding maize hybrids: ZP 341, ZP 434, and ZP 505 were observed in this study. The observations were performed to identify or­ganic molecules and their structural properties. The occurrence of unstable state of organic compounds and their functional groups are conditioned by such a process. The set hypoth­esis holds that there is a necessity to study the existence of many and low intensity spectral bands, not observed so far, occurring in different patterns (low intensity bands, single or grouped). They should be observed and the dynamics of their formation, caused by their different movements, including the possibility of their cancellation or amplification, should be explained. Such spectral bands most often appear in the wave number range of 400-950 cm-1. They occur in several wave numbers up to 3,000 cm-1 and are caused by different types of vibration movements (valence and deformation vibrations) of organic compounds and their functional groups: primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, proteins, free amino acids, alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, ketones, aromatic compounds, cellulose, carbohydrates, car­boxylic acids, ethers, and alcohols. An unbiased analysis of low intensity spectral bands of maize hybrid kernels reveals that their occurrence is similar. Small differences, for some cases of the occurrence of low intensity spectral bands, can barely be ascertained. In this way, it is possible to establish not only the chemical composition of organic compounds of kernels of observed maize hybrids, but also it is possible to indicate their unstable, confor­mational, and functional properties.

Areas used for the production of organic plants have been permanently increasing for many years, both in the world and in Serbia. This type of agricultural production in Serbia was performed in the area of 14,357.96 ha, and the leading role belonged to cereals. Since great attention has been paid to spelt wheat in the production of organic food, the organic system of agricultural production has been distributed over ever larger areas. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to present data on the areas cultivated with this type of cereals in Serbia according to regional distribution in 2012, 2015 and 2016 provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia. Spelt wheat is cultivated on the area of 157.9 ha. The greatest areas are in Vojvodina (120.04 ha), followed by the areas in the south and Eastern Serbia (22.3 ha), Šumadija and western Serbia (14.1 ha), while the smallest production of organic spelt wheat is registered in Belgrade (only 1.5 ha). The varieties Nirvana and Ostro are the only spelt wheat varieties released in Serbia. Since spelt wheat has very good biological and agronomic traits, with the high nutritional and specific functional value of the grain, deserves more attention, particularly for growing within the organic farming system and production.

Over the past few years, organic agricultural production has increased globally. This type of production is regulated by numerous laws and concomitant regulations, whereas the basic principles of organic production development are prescribed by the IFOAM standards and the European Union. Seed production is of immense importance to organic agricultural systems as the use of certified seed is crucial in preserving organic production. Prior to 2009, certified organic seed had not been produced in the Republic of Serbia, and producers had used either landrace seeds or chemically untreated conventional seeds. Of the total area devoted to organic farming in the Republic of Serbia (14,357.96 ha), seed production accounts for only 8.4 ha, with uneven distribution over regions. The highest organic seed production (5.2 ha) has been recorded in the region of Vojvodina. However, there is still a lack of certified organic seed in the country, emphasizing the need for organic seed breeding and production in the future.

A quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to study the thermal release of mercury from wet flue gas desulphurization (WFGD) gypsum using temperature-programmed desorption/decomposition (TPD). The inability in direct detection of low concentrations of mercury halogenides in gypsum by mass spectrometry is discussed in detail. The hydrolysis of HgCl2 vapours under specific experimental conditions in the mass spectrometer was considered theoretically and proved experimentally. The mercury concentration in different gypsum fractions varies from 0.22 mg kg-1 (3.27-148 μm, coarse particles) to 20.6 mg kg-1 (0.41-88.0 μm, fine particles). All samples had a similar, symmetrical, single-peak (peak maximum 253–266°C) in the TPD spectra. In the present study, the use of ‘wet’ methods for preparing mercury compounds is introduced in addition to the mercury standards prepared using the ‘dry’ method, as commonly found in TPD. The study showed that selected metals, such as Fe enriched in gypsum samples, significantly influence the shape and the maximum temperature of the Hg TPD curves and that during the mercury compound preparation and the TPD process, Hg species undergo transformations that prevent the identification of their original identity.

To be able to effectively manage changes, the management of modern enterprises is forced to constantly create new business opportunities and respond to the challenges that arise under the influence of a number of primarily technological and market factors. It is required from company managers to understand the sources of advantage, which has become considerably more complicated than before. Only a small number of companies, especially from countries in transition, have a harmonized organization and strategies that support research demands and sustainable business and marketing strategy creation. The transformation from traditional to socially responsible marketing is imperative to the success of both economy and society. The authors highlight the role and importance of a marketing manager for company's successful transformation into the system which should create and manage market. Based on specificity of markets of countries in transition, such as Serbia, they perform the analysis of challenges of marketing practice development, confirming the hypothesis that the level of both marketing development and market orientation significantly affects business and national competitiveness, and therefore the economic and social development.

Background/Aim. Around 30% of university students have chronic diseases and/or special care needs. As future taskforce in various job sectors will be drawn from current university student population, it is essential that their healthrelated problems are recognized and properly managed. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence and patterns of chronic diseases in the university student population and to assess their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods. A total of 1,624 Belgrade University students were recruited from April to June 2009 at the Student Public Health Center. The students filled in sociodemographic and behavioral questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the SF-36 questionnaire. Data on chronic diseases were self-reported and thereafter validated in medical records. The impact of chronic diseases on HRQoL was evaluated through series of linear regression models. Results. The prevalence of chronic diseases was 16.5%. The most common chronic diseases were asthma and chronic bronchitis (4.2% and 3.1%, respectively). All SF-36 domains, both composite and total scores were lower compared to healthy students (p < 0.001). Females with chronic diseases reported all eight HRQoL domains as worse, whilst males with chronic diseases reported some HRQoL domains as worse. After adjustment, having chronic diseases remained significantly associated with worse HRQoL [beta (β) -5.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) -8.09, -3.28]. Conclusion. To meet the needs of university students, the health care service should provide support in prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 175087]

One of the features of modern tourism is that an increasingly frequent travel motive is just a sport in terms of own participation as a factor of active vacation. The role of sports in tourism has been completely changed today, so sports tourism in recent times represents a specific relationship between the two interdependent phenomena, sport and tourism. In that sense, sport has become a very important content of stay, in which tourists are participants of various sports activities, such as skiing, swimming, sailing, rafting, etc.

Labour law protection of breastfeeding women in the law of the Republic of Serbia and the European Union is important in terms of preserving their safety and health at the workplace, as well as in terms of protecting and improving the health of the child. Measures that regulate the rights and obligations of breastfeeding women at the workplace aim to enable the establishment of a balance between the requirements of a professional and private nature, or an effective fulfillment of their professional obligations and lactation activities. Due to the risk of occurrence of direct or indirect discrimination in the workplace of a breastfeeding woman, special attention is given to anti-discrimination measures, which should prevent the denial of guaranteed rights in practice. There is a number of factors that may contribute to successfully combining employment and breastfeeding, such as: relevant information to and support of the employer and other employees, flexible working hours, and normative regulation of this area by the employer.

Consideration of the labor law protection of pregnant and women who have recently given birth in the law of the Republic of Serbia is a continuously current, taking into account the need for legislative and practice improvement, so a review of European union law is of special importance. An analysis of the special protection of this category of employees in acquis communautaire is necessary to determine the directions for the development of domestic positive law and to find adequate normative measures for providing essential support. In addition to the legislative review of the vunerable status of pregnant and women who have recently given birth, it is also important to pay attention to the practical implementation of regulations, as this prevents discrimination in employment and at work.

Due to extremely favourable soil and climate conditions, vegetable production has been traditionally developing in the Republic of Serbia. This study presents the areas under organic vegetable production in Serbia in the 2012-2015 period. In 2015, vegetable production, based on organic principles, was performed on the area of 170.5 ha, with the greatest potential in the region of the Province of Vojvodina (80%). The smallest areas with organic production of vegetables were recorded in the City of Belgrade. Organicaly produced vegetables mainly consist of bean, popping maize, potato, Jerusalem artichoke, gourd and pepper. In spite of poorly developed market not only of vegetable production, but the entire sector of organic food production in Serbia, the number of organic food producers has been rapidly growing and with the adequate investment, credit-monetary and export support by the government, vegetable production could become the most important production in our country.

The aim of organic agriculture is production of high quality food, which will contribute to human health, nature protection and conservation of the overall ecosystem. Globally, cereals are the most organically grown crop (3.3 million ha). The greatest production takes place on the European continent. The most cultivated species are as follows: wheat, maize, rice, barley, oat, sorghum, millet, triticale and buckwheat. China and USA are global leaders in cereal production in the organic system. Organic cereal production in the Republic of Serbia has a primary role and is performed on the area of 4251.94 ha. The majority of this production is done in the region of Vojvodina. According to obtained scientific results, nutritive value, and especially with a view to the status and requirements of the market, cereal production is extremely actual. Moreover, due to unlimited possibilities and market requirements, cereal production is a great challenge to agricultural producers.

The aim of this paper is to show the state of production of seed intended for the establishment of organic crops in Serbia. Current regulations in many countries require that the seed and planting material used for organic farming must be produced according to the rules applicable to organic crops. Organic seed production, compared to conventional, carries a higher risk of weed seed contamination and of seed-borne diseases which make it more difficult to obtain high quality seeds. The early harvest is one of the possible measures to improve the seed health and there are various forms of seed treatments (natural plant extracts and substances of natural origin). Results within the field of seed production are closely related to conservation of plant landraces and exchange of their seeds that are necessary for organic food producers in Serbia.