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Background: Infantile capillary hemangiomas (IHs) are common, benign, self-limited tumors with a well-defined natural history, occurring most often on the head and neck. IHs are the most common soft-tissue tumors in infancy and occur in 5–10% of children. The main risk factors identified for IH include female sex and low birth weight. For many hemangioma patients, treatment is not required; however, there are many treatment options for IH, each with their own limitations and side effects. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to study the role, efficacy, and side effects of propranolol in infantile hemangioma. Materials and Methods: Patients with infantile hemangioma at SN Medical College, Agra, in the Department of General Surgery and Pediatric Surgery with the required eligibility criteria are considered in this study from December 2021 to December 2023, in total 60 patients, prospectively randomized into three groups: Group A: Infants given propranolol only. Group B: Infants given steroids only Group C: Infants given a steroid plus propranolol. Results: In our study, Group A taking propranolol alone 14 out of 20 (70%) responded well, Group B taking steroid alone 7 out of 20 (35%) responded well and Group C taking steroid and propranolol 16 out of 20 (80%) responded well, which shows that propranolol in a low dose (0.5–3 mg/kg/day) is an effective drug for infantile hemangioma. Conclusion: In our study, we can conclude that propranolol is a safe, efficacious, and better drug than corticosteroid for infantile hemangioma when used in low doses, and the effects are better if started in the early phase.

Background: Cholecystectomy is one of the most common, clean, and contaminated surgery operations performed by surgeons worldwide. Antibiotic prophylaxis in elective cholecystectomy is a controversial issue and our study was undertaken to evaluate the rate of infection and the usefulness and efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in elective cholecystectomies. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives are to study antimicrobial prophylaxis on elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to compare surgical site infections (SSI) between the two groups after laparoscopic cholecystectomy with respect to (a) duration of surgery, (b) post-operative pain, (c) complications encountered, and (d) post-operative hospital stay. Materials and Methods: Patients were randomly divided into the study group (Group A) and the control group (Group B). Antibiotic dose of ceftriaxone + sulbactam 1.5 g will be administered intravenously 2 h before induction of anesthesia for the patients in the study Group A (n=30), and no antibiotic will be administered prophylactically to the control Group B (n=30). Results: In the study group, one patient developed fever, and in the control Group, 4 patients developed fever. In this study, SSIs were considered. In the study group, two patients (6.67%) developed pus discharge from the port site which was considered superficial infection, and in the control group, five patients (16.67%) developed pus discharge. Conclusion: Based on our study, in elective cholecystectomy, a single dose of intravenous ceftriaxone + salbactam 1.5 g given before the operative procedure does not lead to a higher SSI rate as compared to the conventionally given antibiotics which are continued postoperatively for a variable length of time.