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Purpose Kidney transplantation is one of the best treatment options for end-stage renal disease with an incidence of urologic complications of 2.5 to 30%. One of the most serious and frequent urological complications is urinary leakage from ureteroneocystostomy anastomosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors of urinary leakage from ureteroneocystostomy anastomosis after kidney transplantation. Patients and methods A retrospective study was performed on patients who received kidney transplantation and were diagnosed with urinary leakage thereafter based on renal scan or drain creatinine per serum creatinine compared with patients in control group. Risk factor assessment was based on inpatient and outpatient information from hospital database. Results From 459 patients who received kidney transplantation in 2016-2018, there were 20 patients who were diagnosed with urinary leakage after they underwent ureteroneocystostomy anastomosis. The significant risk factors for anastomosis leakage were size of suture materials and duration of ureteral stent insertion. No statistically significant difference in other factors such as underlying disease, surgical technique or duration of urinary catheter was found. About overall urological complication, gender and body mass index significantly affected the outcome. Conclusion The rate of urinary leakage complications was found to be about 4.36%. The risk factors of overall complication comprised gender and body mass index. Although a lot of previous studies revealed many risk factors that could affect urinary leakage, size of suture materials and duration of ureteral stent insertion were the significant risk factors in our study. Proper consideration should be given to the size of suture materials and optimal duration of ureteral stent.

Although important advances have been achieved in the development of radiolabeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting ligand constructs for both diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer (PCa) over the past decade, challenges related to off-target effects and limited treatment responses persist. In this study, which builds upon the successful clinical translation of a series of ultrasmall, dye-encapsulating core-shell silica nanoparticles, or Cornell Prime Dots (C′ dots), for cancer management, we sought to address these limitations by designing a dual-modality, PSMA-targeting platform that evades undesirable accumulations in the salivary glands, kidneys, and reticuloendothelial system, while exhibiting bulk renal clearance. This versatile PCa-targeted particle imaging probe offers significant clinical potential to improve future theranostic applications in a variety of patient care settings.

Purpose Kidney transplantation is one of the best treatment options for end-stage renal disease with an incidence of urologic complications of 2.5 to 30%. One of the most serious and frequent urological complications is urinary leakage from ureteroneocystostomy anastomosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors of urinary leakage from ureteroneocystostomy anastomosis after kidney transplantation. Patients and Methods A retrospective study was performed on patients who received kidney transplantation and were diagnosed with urinary leakage thereafter based on renal scan or drain creatinine per serum creatinine compared with patients in control group. Risk factor assessment was based on inpatient and outpatient information from hospital database. Results From 459 patients who received kidney transplantation in 2016–2018, there were 20 patients who were diagnosed with urinary leakage after they underwent ureteroneocystostomy anastomosis. The significant risk factors for anastomosis leakage were size of suture materials and duration of ureteral stent insertion. No statistically significant difference in other factors such as underlying disease, surgical technique or duration of urinary catheter was found. About overall urological complication, gender and body mass index significantly affected the outcome. Conclusion The rate of urinary leakage complications was found to be about 4.36%. The risk factors of overall complication comprised gender and body mass index. Although a lot of previous studies revealed many risk factors that could affect urinary leakage, size of suture materials and duration of ureteral stent insertion were the significant risk factors in our study. Proper consideration should be given to the size of suture materials and optimal duration of ureteral stent.

Objective The aim of this work was to report our experience in robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer in a kidney transplant recipient. Methods A 73-year-old man with chronic renal failure underwent living-donor kidney transplantation (KT) in 1993. His baseline creatinine after KT was ∼1.2 mg/dL. He developed lower urinary tract symptoms in 1999. He was diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia and treated accordingly. He was followed regularly with the use of digital rectal examination and measurement of serum prostatic-specific antigen (PSA). In 2014, his serum PSA was 11.53 ng/mL. Prostate biopsy was done and revealed localized prostatic adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score of 7 (3+4). We performed robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with the use of the Retzius space preservation technique. Results The patient underwent successful robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy without any complications. The operative time was 210 minutes with estimated blood loss of 250 mL. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was discharged on the 6th day after surgery with a retained Foley catheter. A cystogram was done on the 13th day after surgery and showed no urethrovesical anastomosis leakage. After Foley catheter removal, the patient could urinate normally without urinary incontinence. Pathologic analysis revealed positive surgical margin with no extraprostatic extension and no seminal vesical invasion. One month after the operation, PSA was 0.08 ng/mL and renal function remained stable. Conclusions Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is technically feasible and safe for the treatment of localized prostate cancer in the renal transplant patient. The Retzius space preservation technique is helpful in minimizing the manipulation of transplanted kidney and urinary bladder during the operation, resulting in favorable postoperative renal function and continence outcome.