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Three-dimensional photonic bandgap (PBG) structures using alumina (Al2O3) as the high permittivity material were modeled and then the structures were fabricated by Fused Deposition of Multi-materials (FDMM) technology. A finite element method and a real-time electromagnetic wave propagation software were used to simulate and design the layered PBG structures for applications in the microwave frequency range. The modeling predicted a 3-D photonic bandgap in the 16.5–23.5 GHz range. FDMM provides a computer-controlled process to generate 3-D structures, allowing high fabrication flexibility and efficiency. Electromagnetic measurements displayed the presence of a bandgap between 17.1–23.3 GHz, showing a good agreement with the predicted values. These PBG structures are potential candidates for applications in advanced communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]