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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Outpatient and inpatient rehabilitation, as a complex and multimodal treatment concept, makes significant use of methods that are assigned to conservative orthopedics, in particular the procedures of physical therapy. In contrast to physiotherapy and medical training therapy, physical therapy is a form of therapy provided with technology. The spectrum ranges from hydrotherapy, mechanotherapy and thermotherapy to balneotherapy, massage forms and electrotherapy. Climatotherapy, phototherapy and aerosol/inhalation therapy have less of an impact on the orthopaedic field. Although the forms of therapy are often referred to as passive, the effect is based on physical laws, physiological reactions and adaptation. In addition, these are predominantly forms of therapy, some of which have been in use for centuries, some for thousands of years, these efficient treatments with a good safety and tolerability profile gained by means of empiricism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Manuelle Medizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Schmerz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rheuma Plus is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of functional diagnostic is detection of the arthrosis, the classification of the structural findings, functional disturbance and the restriction of the patient. Helpful is the ICD - Classification with the assessment of the ICF - Classification for judging the activity and participation of the patient with instruments for self or external assessments. The clinical symptoms are related by stage. The most importand symptom is pain, related by rest and strain, a look out for the persistent pain at night. The functional clinical investigation includes investigation of the joint movement and course, evaluation of the soft tissue function, joint compartments as well as ligaments and meniscus. Joint stress tests are helpful to detect function disturbences and are helpful in the way of diagnostic. A manual investigation completes the assessment of functional disturbences, local in the joint structures and the functional chains. In addition of the investigation we need imagings (x-ray, sonography) corresponding guidelines. To evaluate the restriction of functional severity and restriction are assessments so well as generic health (SF 36), specific health (WOMAC) and pain (VAS) helpful. The focus in the diagnosis procedure assess pain, functional loss and other symptoms as well as the medication. Non-surgical or conservative measures includes different treatment steps. Adaption of lifestyle and avoidance of stress for movement system is the first action followed by helpful sports activities. In relation of the personal specific situation of the patient an instruction of the doctor is helpful. Physical treatments reduce functional restrictions, pain and also optimize muscular actions and processes for regulation. For that is used technics from thermotherapy included cryotherapy, electrotherapy, phytotherapy, tape, orthosis and technical aids, technics from complementary medicine. Physiotherapy as a "joint school", mobilization, muscle strengthening, optimize of tension and coordination are best to use. The best evidence and recommendation are sports and training, physiotherapy and manual medicine, recommended by the international societies, always related to the local clinical findings. Different examples for therapy of gonarthrosis are showed in the article. Orthopedic aids are helpful. Complaints of arthosis have slow progression overall groups. Every single person is different. We are able to influence predictors often with the conservative therapy - most of all pain and function. The therapy is as good as long as we need other therapy and surgical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Physical therapy methods have a firm place in the pain management of degenerative diseases, especially in multimodal therapy approaches. Originally tested primarily empirically in the absence of sufficiently effective alternatives, there are now a considerable number of studies that justify the use of individual therapies to reduce pain in degenerative diseases. The medical evidence as well as a very favorable risk-benefit ratio should also convince cost bearers to finance physical therapy measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Schmerz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Hautarzt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Schmerz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Manuelle Medizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Manuelle Medizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Pseudarthrosis is an impairment of fracture healing after conservative or operative fracture treatment. Delayed unions or nonunions occur in approximately 5-10 % of all fractures. Pseudarthrosis is one of the most demanding complications in fracture treatment. The causes leading to pseudarthrosis are multifactorial and often difficult to diagnose. A common definition of various terminologies, such as fracture healing, delayed union, nonunion or pseudarthrosis is currently not available. In Germany pseudarthrosis is often used if fracture healing is not complete after 6 months. Therapy: A differentiation is made between avascular and hypervascular and also between septic and aseptic pseudarthrosis. In addition a variety of classification systems are available to aid surgeons in selection of the correct treatment. The treatment of choice for pseudarthrosis is surgical revision with autologous cancellous bone grafting. Aseptic pseudarthrosis can often be treated by single-stage surgery using internal osteosynthesis, while a two-stage approach with external stabilization is recommended for treatment of septic pseudarthrosis. In this case the initial focus should be on treating the infection. Then, 4-6 weeks later, defect reconstruction by autologous cancellous bone grafting or segment transport can be performed. Further additive therapy options are also available for extended treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Manuelle Medizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Manuelle Medizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Der Schmerz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Manuelle Medizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Manuelle Medizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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