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This document is a special issue editorial from the journal Tourism Economics. It discusses the development of tourism economics beyond the COVID-19 crisis, focusing on the eighth International Association for Tourism Economics (IATE) conference. The conference, organized by three French universities, featured 116 papers on topics such as tourism and COVID-19, economics of short-term rental, and destination competitiveness. The special issue includes eight papers that underwent a thorough review process and cover various topics, including the impact of hotel pricing strategies, the effects of natural disasters on tourism, and the gender wage gap in the tourism industry. [Extracted from the article]

The tourism sector has voluntarily undertaken several initiatives to boost customer confidence in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, in the hotel industry, three different strategies have been implemented: sending no COVID-19 safety signal; sending a moderate signal through a charter; or sending a strong signal through a label. This study aims to identify the main drivers of the hotels' choice among these strategies and to analyze the influence of their choice on price setting. We estimate a system of three equations (hotel pricing, star rating, COVID-19 safety signal) on a sample of 418 rated hotels in the Hauts-de-France region. Results support three main findings: 1) star rating positively correlates with COVID-19 certification; 2) COVID-19 certification has a strongly negative impact on hotel prices; 3) star rating moderates positively the effect of COVID-19 certification on prices. Furthermore, error terms between the star rating level and COVID-19 certification equations are strongly correlated. Hence unobserved common factors play a role in the adoption of these quality signals. Our findings are consistent with the idea that managers implementing safety signaling strategies are more worried about recovery speed after lockdowns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of high‐density non‐volatile memories is a long‐standing dream, limited by conventional storage "0" or "1" bits. An alternative paradigm exists in which regions within candidate materials can be magnetized to intermediate values between the saturation limits. In principle, this paves the way to multivalued bits, vastly increasing storage density. Single‐molecule magnets, are good examples offering transitions between intramolecular quantum levels, but require ultra‐low temperatures and limited relaxation time between magnetization states. It is showed here that the quasi 2D‐Ising compound BaFe2(PO4)2 overcomes these limitations. The combination of giant magneto‐crystalline anisotropy, strong ferromagnetic exchange, and strong intrinsic pinning creates remarkably narrow magnetic domain walls, collectively freezing under Tf ≈15 K. This results in a transition from a soft to a super‐hard magnet (coercive force > 14 T). Any magnetization can then be printed and robustly protected from external fields with an energy barrier >9T at 2 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the JDN22 school was to propose a progressive teaching eager to improve the expertise of students in neutron diffraction. Neutron-based techniques have indeed proved for decades to be essential tools in the investigation of condensed matter. This lecture is however concerned with inelastic neutron scattering and is thus somehow apart. In the context of this school, it should then only be considered as a brief introduction. We give simple examples along with the basics of the spectrometers, and finally useful formula for the inelastic cross sections in different situations. We strongly encourage interested readers to refer to the bibliography for more detailed information.

An old industrial region's legacy can be a serious impediment to the development of tourism and other activities by generating negative externalities and disamenities. The aim of this article is to examine whether the cost of this industrial past as valued by tourists is reflected in hotel rates of the Nord-Pas de Calais region, a forerunner of the Industrial Revolution in France. An analysis based on the hedonic price method is undertaken using geolocalized data, to decompose hotel prices into the implicit prices of a set of attributes, both private and public, including the adverse public attributes inherited from the industrial past (brownfield sites, slag heaps, industrial seaports). By comparing the importance of each factor, our analysis provides useful information for public policy and hotel management strategies. In particular, our estimations reveal a significant negative effect of these adverse inherited public attributes on hotel rates for the Nord-Pas-de-Calais, but in the same order of magnitude as the effect of a tourist attraction, suggesting the potential power of public policy and local regeneration initiatives. Furthermore, our results show that hotel managers can obtain valuable information relative to the choice of a location for initial development, their investment strategy, and their communication strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at showing the complementarity between time-of-flight and triple-axis neutron scattering experiments, on the basis of two topical examples in the field of geometrical magnetic frustration. Rare earth pyrochlore magnets R2Ti2O7 (R is a rare earth) play a prominent role in this field, as they form model systems showing a rich variety of ground states, depending on the balance between dipolar, exchange interactions and crystal field. We first review the case of the XY antiferromagnet Er2 Ti2 O7. Here a transition towards a Néel state is observed, possibly induced by an order-by-disorder mechanism. Effective exchange parameters can be extracted from S(Q,ω). We then examine the case of the spin liquid Tb2 Ti2 O7. Recent experiments reveal a complex ground state characterized by “pinch points” and supporting a low energy excitation. These studies demonstrate the existence of a coupling between crystal field transitions and a transverse acoustic phonon mode.

Tourism specialization has been studied so far at an aggregate geographical level and by considering tourism as a homogeneous product. The result is a simplistic and stereotypical image of tourism specialization, as for Europe where southern European Union (EU) countries are commonly viewed as highly specialized in tourism services and northern EU countries highly specialized in other activities. The purpose of this article is to provide a method for a deeper analysis of tourism specialization. We study comparative advantages and disadvantages of a sample of 20 European countries over the period 2010–2016 by considering bilateral flows of three different quality tourism services (high, middle, low). Our results show serious differences with those obtained by the traditional approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a two-step framework for the selection of the optimal tourist origins portfolio for a particular destination. The article applies this decision-making process to French Polynesia. The first step of the framework is based on a mean–variance optimization procedure and proposes the subset of portfolios among which the decision-maker must limit her/his choice. Second, the multicriteria ELECTRE method is employed to rank all the portfolios considered on the basis of decision-makers' preferences exposed in the parameters of the algorithm. Three decision-maker profiles are proposed from a risk-averse profile to a risk-lover profile. This article contributes to the dedicated literature by presenting ELECTRE III as an alternative to the utility function approach used by previous studies. Results of our application to French Polynesia's tourist attendance data (from 2014 to 2017) highlight the usefulness of the framework exhibited and empirically underline the economic perspectives offered by Chinese tourists. The French Polynesian application follows a clear presentation permitting consideration of applications to other destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to propose a novel method for measuring the effect of cultural preference on bilateral tourism receipts. The method applied is inspired from Disdier et al. (2010). Using the UNESCO classification and data on bilateral trade in cultural product, a proxy for cultural preferences is constructed. The variable is used in a gravity model for tourism export, which is estimated using a two-step procedure to avoid issues related to endogeneity. The data set used is a panel of 12 OECD countries for a period of 11 years. The variable for cultural preferences eliminates the problems with traditional methods, which by using dummy variables to account for cultural preferences, assume that the latter are time-invariant and symmetrical. The cultural variable constructed is found to be significant in explaining bilateral tourism exports with an elasticity of 0.39. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral heterocyclic structures based on 3-aminopyrrolidines (3APs), 3-aminotetrahydrothiophens (3ATTs) and 3-aminotetrahydrofurans (3ATFs) are prepared. A general concept is described for rationalizing the process of induction in the presence of organolithium species.

Abstract: The total synthesis of the naturally occurring antibiotic GE81112A, a densely functionalized tetrapeptide, is reported. Comparison of spectral data with those of the natural product and the lack of biological activity of the synthesized compound led us to revise the published configuration of the 3‐hydroxypipecolic acid moiety. This hypothesis was fully validated by the synthesis of the corresponding epimer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study investigates the impact of the international openness in tourism services trade on wage inequality between highly skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled workers in the tourism industry. The sample covers 10 developed countries and expands over 15 years. A cointegrated panel data model and an error correction model were used to distinguish between the short- and long-run effects. The results are compared to those of openness of business services and manufactured goods. The findings point out that tourism increases wage inequality at the expense of the least skilled workers in the long run and the short run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated by inelastic neutron scattering (INS), neutron diffraction, and magnetometry the magnetic properties of the mononuclear complex [Mn3+(pyrol)3(tren)] in both high-spin (5E, HS, S = 2) and low-spin (3 ,T1 LS, S = 1 ) states. The system presents a spin transition (ST) around 47 K with a small hysteresis width (TST,↑ = 47.5 K and TST.↓ = 46 K) characteristic of an efficient collective transition process. In the HS state, the INS spectrum at 56 K and zero magnetic field is accounted for by a zero-field splitting with D = -5.73(3) cm-1 and ∣E∣ = +0.47(2) cm-1 which may be the result of a dynamic Jahn-Teller effect reported in the literature. In the LS state, a single magnetic peak at 4.87 meV is observed, still at zero field. Despite the existence of an unquenched orbital moment (L = 1) in the ground 3T1 state, we argue that it may be described by a genuine S = 1 spin Hamiltonian owing to the existence of a strong trigonal distortion of the Mn3+ coordination octahedron. The observed peak corresponds to a transition ΔM = +1 within the S = 1 ground state split by a large single-ion anisotropy term D = +39.3 cm-1. A full spin-Hamiltonian model is proposed based on these first INS results obtained in a thermal ST molecular magnetic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examples of materials where an "order by disorder" mechanism is at play to select a particular ground state are scarce. It has recently been proposed, however, that the antiferromagnetic XY pyrochlore Er2Ti2O7 reveals a most convincing case of this mechanism, with the observation of a spin gap at zone centers having recently been interpreted as a corroboration of this physics. Here we argue, however, that the anisotropy generated by the interaction-induced admixing between the crystal-field ground and excited levels provides for an alternative mechanism. It especially predicts the opening of a spin gap of about 15 μeV, which is of the same order of magnitude as the one observed experimentally. We report high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering data which can be well understood within this scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient procedure has been developed for the saponification of common peptide esters, followed by straightforward coupling of the lithium carboxylate. Adding some water to the reaction medium gave faster saponification and did not interfere with the coupling reagent. As peptide chemistry constitutes a major application of the amidation reaction, amino acid substrates were chosen for this study, monitoring both yields and epimerization of the peptides obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]