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1. Optimizing DCD Liver Grafts With Prolonged Warm Ischemic Time Using Stabilized Plasmin in a Static Cold Storage Orthotopic Rat Liver Transplant Model

Author

Riley Kahan, BS, Nader Abraham, MD, Min Zhang, MD, Valery Novokhatny, PhD, Isaac Alderete, BS, Paul Cray, PhD, Fengming Chen, MD, PhD, Qimeng Gao, MD, Greta Cywinska, BS, Ryan Neill, Kentaro Nakata, MD, PhD, Ahmed Hassan, MD, Caroline Rush, BS, Jude Penaflor, BS, Justin J. Pollara, PhD, Matthew G. Hartwig, MD, Benjamin Hughes, PhD, and Andrew S. Barbas, MD

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Background. The clinical success of liver transplantation has led to increased demand, requiring further expansion of the donor pool. Therapeutic interventions to optimize organs from donation after circulatory death (DCD) have significant potential to mitigate the organ shortage. Dysfunction in DCD liver grafts is mediated by microvascular thrombosis during the warm ischemic period, and strategies that reduce this thrombotic burden may improve graft function. We hypothesized that the administration of the fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin to the donor organ during the cold storage period would reduce the thrombotic burden and improve DCD liver graft function. Methods. In 2 separate cohorts, 32 syngeneic orthotopic rat liver transplants were performed in Lewis rats. Livers were procured from donors with 45 min of warm ischemic injury. Liver grafts were flushed with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate preservation solution mixed with either plasmin (experimental group) or albumin (control group). All investigators were blinded to treatment group. After preparing the liver for implant using a modified cuff technique, the liver was stored for 1 h by static cold storage at 4 °C. Immediately before implantation, the liver graft was flushed, and this effluent was analyzed for fibrin degradation products to determine graft clot burden. Twenty-four hours following transplantation, animals were euthanized, and samples were collected. Results. Recipient survival was significantly higher for DCD liver grafts treated with plasmin compared with control. Moreover, histology of liver graft tissue immediately before implant reflected significantly reduced congestion in plasmin-treated livers (score, mean ± SD: 0.73 ± 0.59 versus 1.12 ± 0.48; P = 0.0456). The concentration of fibrin degradation products in the final flush before implantation was significantly reduced in plasmin-treated livers (743 ± 136 versus 10 919 ± 4642 pg/mL; P = 0.0001), reflecting decreased clot burden in the graft. Conclusions. The present study demonstrates that plasmin improves survival and may reduce thrombotic burden in DCD liver grafts with prolonged warm ischemic injury, meriting further study.

Published
2024
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3. DIII-D research to provide solutions for ITER and fusion energy

Author

C.T. Holcomb, for the DIII-D Team:, J. Abbate, A. Abe, A. Abrams, P. Adebayo-Ige, S. Agabian, S. Ahmed, N. Aiba, N. Akcay, T. Akiyama, R. Albosta, P. Aleynikov, S. Allen, H. Anand, J. Anderson, Y. Andrew, M. Ashburn, A. Ashourvan, M. Austin, G. Avdeeva, D. Ayala, M. Ayub, E. Bagdy, S. Banerjee, K. Barada, L. Bardoczi, O. Bardsley, J. Barr, E. Bass, A. Battey, Z. Bayler, L. Baylor, T. Bechtel, M. Beidler, E. Belli, T. Benedett, Z. Bergstrom, M. Berkel, T. Bernard, N. Bertelli, R. Bielajew, G. Bodner, J. Boedo, R. Boivin, T. Bolzonella, P. Bonoli, A. Bortolon, S. Bose, M. Boyer, W. Boyes, L. Bradley, R. Brambila, A. Braun, D. Brennan, S. Bringuier, L. Brodsky, M. Brookman, J. Brooks, D. Brower, W. Brown, J. Buck, S. Buczek, D. Burgess, M. Burke, K. Burrell, J. Butt, R. Buttery, I. Bykov, P. Byrne, A. Cacheris, K. Callahan, J. Callen, D. Campbell, J. Candy, J. Canik, L. Cappelli, T. Carlstrom, R. Carr, W. Carrig, B. Carter, T. Carter, I. Carvalho, W. Cary, L. Casali, L. Ceelen, M. Cengher, M. Cha, R. Chaban, V. Chan, B. Chapman, I. Char, J. Chen, R. Chen, X. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Chiriboga, E. Cho, G. Choi, W. Choi, H. Choudhury, S. Chowdhury, C. Chrystal, Y. Chung, R. Churchill, R. Clark, M. Clement, J. Coburn, S. Coda, R. Coffee, C. Collins, J. Colmenares-Fernandez, W. Conlin, R. Coon, T. Cote, A. Creely, N. Crocker, C. Crowe, B. Crowley, T. Crowley, M. Curie, D. Curreli, A. Dal Molin, J. Damba, E. Dart, A. Dautt-Silva, K. Davda, A. De, N. de Boucaud, Y. de Jong, P. DE VRIES, A. de-Villeroche, G. DeGrandchamp, J. deGrassie, D. Demers, S. Denk, E. DeShazer, S. Di Genova, A. Diallo, A. Dimits, R. Ding, S. Ding, D. Donovan, X. Du, J. Dunsmore, A. Dupuy, J. Duran, A. Dvorak, F. Effenberg, N. Eidietis, D. Elder, D. Eldon, Y. Elsey, D. Ennis, K. Erickson, D. Ernst, M. Fajardo, H. Farre-Kaga, M. Fenstermacher, N. Ferraro, J. Ferron, A. Feyrer, P. Fimognari, R. Finden, D. Finkenthal, R. Fitzpatrick, S. Flanagan, B. Ford, W. Fox, S. Freiberger, L. Fu, K. Gage, V. Gajaraj, I. Garcia, F. Garcia, A. Garcia, M. Garcia Munoz, D. Garnier, A. Garofalo, A. Gattuso, B. Geiger, K. Gentle, Y. Ghai, K. Gill, F. Glass, P. Gohil, X. Gong, J. Gonzalez-Martin, Y. Gorelov, V. Graber, R. Granetz, C. Gray, C. Greenfield, B. Grierson, R. Groebner, W. Grosnickle, M. Groth, S. Gu, H. Guo, J. Guterl, W. Guttenfelder, R. Hager, S. Hahn, M. Halfmoon, J. Hall, V. Hall-Chen, F. Halpern, G. Hammett, X. Han, C. Hansen, E. Hansen, J. Hanson, M. Hanson, A. Harris, R. Harvey, S. Haskey, D. Hatch, W. Hayashi, A. Hayes, W. Heidbrink, J. Herfindal, J. Hicok, E. Hinson, T. Hisakado, C. Holcomb, C. Holland, L. Holland, E. Hollmann, A. Holm, I. Holmes, K. Holtrop, R. Hong, R. Hood, L. Horvath, S. Houshmandyar, N. Howard, E. Howell, W. Hu, Y. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Huang, J. Huang, A. Huang, A. Hubbard, J. Hughes, D. Humphreys, J. Hurtado, A. Hyatt, K. Imada, V. Izzo, A. Jalalvand, S. Jardin, A. Jarvinen, Y. Jeon, H. Ji, X. Jian, L. Jian, Y. Jiang, C. Johnson, J. Johnson, M. Jones, S. Joung, P. Jouzdani, E. Jung, E. Kallenberg, R. Kalling, D. Kaplan, A. Kaptanoglu, D. Kellman, J. Kennedy, F. Khabanov, J. Kim, H. Kim, E. Kim, S. Kim, K. Kim, C. Kim, T. Kim, J. King, A. Kinsey, D. Kirk, D. Klasing, A. Kleiner, M. Knolker, M. Kochan, B. Koel, J. Koenders, M. Koepke, R. Kolasinski, E. Kolemen, E. Kostadinova, M. Kostuk, G. Kramer, R. Kube, N. Kumar, R. La Haye, F. Laggner, C. Lahban, H. Lan, R. Landry, R. Lantsov, L. Lao, C. Lasnier, C. Lau, R. Leccacorvi, J. Leddy, M. Lee, S. Lee, K. Lee, R. Lee, M. Lehnen, A. Leonard, E. Leppink, M. LeSher, J. Lestz, J. Leuer, N. Leuthold, G. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, L. Li, N. Li, Z. Li, D. Lin, Z. Lin, Y. Lin, E. Linsenmayer, J. Liu, D. Liu, C. Liu, Z. Liu, Y. Liu, A. Loarte-Prieto, S. Loch, L. LoDestro, N. Logan, J. Lohr, J. Lore, U. Losada Rodriguez, J. Loughran, M. Lowell, T. Luce, N. Luhmann, P. Lunia, R. Lunsford, L. Lupin-Jimenez, A. Lvovskiy, B. Lyons, X. Ma, J. MacDonald, T. Macwan, R. Maingi, M. Major, L. Malhotra, M. Margo, C. Marini, A. Marinoni, A. Maris, E. Martin, J. Mateja, R. Mattes, R. Maurizio, D. Mauzey, L. McAllister, G. McArdle, J. McClenaghan, K. McCollam, G. McKee, K. McLaughlin, A. McLean, V. Mehta, E. Meier, S. Meitner, J. Menard, O. Meneghini, G. Merlo, S. Messer, W. Meyer, C. Michael, D. Miller, M. Miller, J. Mitchell, E. Mitra, C. Moeller, M. Mohamed, S. Molesworth, K. Montes, S. Mordijck, S. Morosohk, A. Moser, D. Mueller, S. Munaretto, C. Murphy, C. Muscatello, R. Myers, A. Nagy, D. Nath, M. Navarro, R. Nazikian, T. Neiser, A. Nelson, P. Nesbet, F. Nespoli, P. Nguyen, D. Nguyen, R. Nguyen, J. Nichols, M. Nocente, L. Nuckols, R. Nygren, T. Odstrcil, M. Okabayashi, E. Olofsson, D. Orlov, D. Orozco, N. Osborne, T. Osborne, F. OShea, D. Pace, D. Packard, A. Pajares Martinez, C. Pakosta, C. Pan, M. Pandya, D. Panici, A. Pankin, Y. Park, J. Park, C. Parker, S. Parker, P. Parks, M. Parsons, S. Paruchuri, C. Paz-Soldan, T. Pederson, W. Peebles, B. Penaflor, E. Perez, L. Periasamy, R. Perillo, C. Petty, M. Pharr, D. Pierce, C. Pierren, S. Pierson, A. Pigarov, L. Pigatto, D. Piglowski, S. Pinches, R. Pinsker, R. Pitts, J. Pizzo, M. Podesta, Z. Popovic, M. Porkolab, Q. Pratt, G. Prechel, I. Pusztai, P. Puthan-Naduvakkate, J. Qian, X. Qin, O. Ra, T. Raines, K. Rakers, K. Rath, J. Rauch, C. Rea, R. Reed, A. Reiman, M. Reinke, R. Reksoatmodjo, Q. Ren, J. Ren, Y. Ren, M. Rensink, T. Rhodes, N. Richner, J. Ridzon, G. Riggs, J. Riquezes, P. Rodriguez Fernandez, T. Rognlien, G. Ronchi, L. Rondini, R. Rosati, A. Rosenthal, M. Ross, J. Rost, A. Rothstein, J. Roveto, J. Ruane, D. Rudakov, R. Rupani, G. Rutherford, S. Sabbagh, J. Sachdev, N. Sadeghi, A. Salmi, F. Salvador, B. Sammuli, C. Samuell, A. Sandorfi, C. Sang, D. Santa, J. Sarff, O. Sauter, H. Savelli, C. Schaefer, H. Schamis, J. Schellpfeffer, D. Schissel, L. Schmitz, O. Schmitz, P. Schroeder, K. Schultz, E. Schuster, F. Sciortino, F. Scotti, J. Scoville, A. Seltzman, J. Seo, J. Serrano, I. Sfiligoi, M. Shafer, R. Shapov, H. Shen, N. Shi, D. Shiraki, B. Short, R. Shousha, H. Si, C. Sierra, G. Sinclair, P. Sinha, G. Sips, C. Skinner, T. Slendebroek, J. Slief, R. Smirnov, S. Smith, D. Smith, G. Snoep, P. Snyder, W. Solomon, X. Song, A. Sontag, V. Soukhanovskii, D. Spong, J. Squire, G. Staebler, L. Stagner, T. Stange, P. Stangeby, E. Starling, S. Stewart, T. Stoltzfus-Dueck, S. Storment, E. Strait, D. Su, L. Sugiyama, P. Sun, Y. Sun, X. Sun, C. Sung, W. Suttrop, Y. Suzuki, R. Sweeney, B. Taczak, Y. Takemura, S. Tang, W. Tang, G. Tardini, D. Taussig, K. Teixeira, K. Thackston, D. Thomas, K. Thome, Y. Tinguely, M. Tobin, J. Tooker, A. Torrezan de Sousa, P. Traverso, G. Trevisan, E. Trier, D. Truong, C. Tsui, F. Turco, A. Turnbull, L. Turner, E. Unterberg, B. Van Compernolle, R. van Kampen, M. Van Zeeland, B. Victor, R. Vieira, E. Viezzer, S. Vincena, D. Vollmer, J. Wai, M. Walker, R. Waltz, W. Wampler, L. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Wang, Z. Wang, G. Wang, A. Wang, J. Watkins, M. Watkins, T. Watts, L. Webber, K. Weber, W. Wehner, X. Wei, D. Weisberg, A. Welander, A. Welsh, A. White, R. Wilcox, G. Wilkie, T. Wilks, M. Willensdorfer, H. Wilson, A. Wingen, M. Wu, D. Wu, S. Wukitch, J. Xia, R. Xie, Z. Xing, G. Xu, X. Xu, Z. Yan, X. Yang, L. Yang, S. Yang, J. Yang, M. Yoo, G. YU, J. Yu, A. Zalzali, A. Zamengo, V. Zamkovska, S. Zamperini, K. Zarrabi, E. Zeger, K. Zeller, L. Zeng, X. Zhang, J. Zhang, B. Zhang, B. Zhao, C. Zhao, Y. Zheng, Y. Zhu, J. Zhu, J. Ziegel, J. Zimmerman, and C. Zuniga

Subjects
DIII-D, tokamak, overview, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

The DIII-D tokamak has elucidated crucial physics and developed projectable solutions for ITER and fusion power plants in the key areas of core performance, boundary heat and particle transport, and integrated scenario operation, with closing the core-edge integration knowledge gap being the overarching mission. New experimental validation of high-fidelity, multi-channel, non-linear gyrokinetic turbulent transport models for ITER provides strong confidence it will achieve Q ⩾ 10 operation. Experiments identify options for easing H-mode access in hydrogen, and give new insight into the isotopic dependence of transport and confinement. Analysis of 2,1 islands in unoptimized low-torque IBS demonstration discharges suggests their onset time occurs randomly in the constant β phase, most often triggered by non-linear 3-wave coupling, thus identifying an NTM seeding mechanism to avoid. Pure deuterium SPI for disruption mitigation is shown to provide favorable slow cooling, but poor core assimilation, suggesting paths for improved SPI on ITER. At the boundary, measured neutral density and ionization source fluxes are strongly poloidally asymmetric, implying a 2D treatment is needed to model pedestal fuelling. Detailed measurements of pedestal and SOL quantities and impurity charge state radiation in detached divertors has validated edge fluid modelling and new self-consistent ‘pedestal-to-divertor’ integrated modeling that can be used to optimize reactors. New feedback adaptive ELM control minimizes confinement reduction, and RMP ELM suppression with sustained high core performance was obtained for the first time with the outer strike point in a W-coated, compact and unpumped small-angle slot divertor. Advances have been made in integrated operational scenarios for ITER and power plants. Wide pedestal intrinsically ELM-free QH-modes are produced with more reactor-relevant conditions, Low torque IBS with W-equivalent radiators can exhibit predator-prey oscillations in T _e and radiation which need control. High- β _P scenarios with q _min > 2, q _95 –7.9, β _N > 4, β _T –3.3% and H _98y2 > 1.5 are sustained with high density ( $\bar n$ = 7E19 m ^−3 , f _G –1) for 6 τ _E , improving confidence in steady-state tokamak reactors. Diverted NT plasmas achieve high core performance with a non-ELMing edge, offering a possible highly attractive core-edge integration solution for reactors.

Published
2024
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4. Overview of recent experimental results on the EAST Tokamak

Author

X. Gong, on behalf of EAST Team and Collaborators, The EAST Team:, Yuntao Song, Baonian Wan, Jiangang Li, Yuanxi Wan, Xinchao Wu, Fukun Liu, Junling Chen, Jiansheng Hu, Guosheng Xu, Kun Lu, Xianzu Gong, Bingjia Xiao, Yu Wu, Xiang Gao, Damao Yao, Nong Xiang, Liqun Hu, Chundong Hu, Jiefeng Wu, Biao Shen, Ge Gao, Yiyun Huang, Liuwei Xu, Qiyong Zhang, Cheonho Bae, Bin Cao, Lei Cao, Jiafeng Chang, Dalong Chen, Ran Chen, Xiaojiao Chen, Yebin Chen, Yue Chen, Yunxin Cheng, Yong Cheng, Bojiang Ding, Fang Ding, Rui Ding, Shijun Du, Yanmin Duan, Jia Fu, Daming Gao, Wei Gao, Yongqi Gu, Bin Guo, Fei Guo, Yong Guo, Xiaofeng Han, Shiying He, Ailan Hu, Chang Hu, Guanghai Hu, Huaichuan Hu, Qingsheng Hu, Yanlan Hu, Zhenhua Hu, Juan Huang, Liansheng Huang, Ming Huang, Ronglin Huang, Xiang Ji, Hua Jia, Caichao Jiang, Yinxian Jie, Songqing Ju, Defeng Kong, Erzhong Li, Guoqiang Li, Jiahong Li, Junjun Li, Miaohui Li, Pan Li, Kedong Li, Shi Li, Yadong Li, Lizhen Liang, Yanchuan Liao, Shiyao Lin, Xin Lin, Bili Ling, Haiqing Liu, Huajun Liu, Jianwen Liu, Liang Liu, Shaocheng Liu, Sheng Liu, Wenbin Liu, Xiaoju Liu, Xiaoyan Liu, Yong Liu, Zhihong Liu, Zhimin Liu, Jianhua Lu, Zhengping Luo, Dengkui Ma, Huafeng Mao, Wendong Ma, Songtao Mao, Yuzhou Mao, Tingfeng Ming, Chao Pan, Chengkang Pan, Shengmin Pan, Jing Qian, Jinping Qian, Chengming Qin, Zhiyong Qiu, Qilong Ren, Zhicai Sheng, Shihua Song, Pengjun Sun, Xiaoyang Sun, Youwen Sun, Tian Tang, Ling Tao, Ang Ti, Baoguo Wang, Feng Wang, Fudi Wang, Huihui Wang, Jian Wang, Liang Wang, Linsen Wang, Mao Wang, Ping Wang, Xiaojie Wang, Shouxin Wang, Yating Wang, Yuehang Wang, Yong Wang, Zhengchu Wang, Jianglong Wei, Jing Wei, Xuechao Wei, Bin Wu, Dajun Wu, Hao Wu, Jinhua Wu, Xiangming Wu, Yibing Wu, Zege Wu, Weibin Xi, Tianyang Xia, Yezheng Xiao, Yahong Xie, Yuanlai Xie, Handong Xu, Liqing Xu, Weiye Xu, Ning Yan, Rong Yan, Jianhua Yang, Lei Yang, Qingxi Yang, Yao Yang, Zhongshi Yang, Min Yu, Yaowei Yu, Qiping Yuan, Shuai Yuan, Qing Zang, Bin Zhang, Jian Zhang, Jizong Zhang, Liyuan Zhang, Ling Zhang, Ruirui Zhang, Shoubiao Zhang, Tao Zhang, Wei Zhang, Xinjun Zhang, Xiuqing Zhang, Yang Zhang, Zuchao Zhang, Hailin Zhao, Lianmin Zhao, Guoqiang Zhong, Ruijie Zhou, Haishan Zhou, Tianhu Zhou, Yue Zhou, Dahuan Zhu, Haisheng Zhu, Ping Zhu, Zeying Zhu, Huidong Zhuang, Zibo Zhou, Zhiyong Zhou, Zhiwei Zhou, Guizhong Zuo, International and Domestic Collaborators:, Huishan Cai, Weixing Ding, Tao Lan, Adi Liu, Wandong Liu, Shaojie Wang, Minyou Ye, Yi Yu, Ge Zhuang, Wei Chen, Guangjiu Lei, Lin Nie, Min Xu, Huang Yuan, Nanhua Yao, Zhe Gao, Long Zeng, Tieshuan Fan, Liu Chen, Guoyong Fu, Zhiwei Ma, Zengmao Sheng, Yong Xiao, Xiaogang Wang, Zhongyong Chen, Yonghua Ding, Xiwei Hu, Zijiang Wang, Fangchuan Zhong, Hongbin Ding, Dezhen Wang, Zhengxiong Wang, Chenggang Jin, Xuemei Wu, Xiaofei Yang, Jianhua Zhang, Qingyuan Hu, Xi Yuan, Changqi Chen, Shuyi Gan, Xudi Wang, Congzhong Wu, Chongwei Zhang, Ting Zhang, Wu Zhu, Erhua Kong, Kaisong Wang, Chuanli Wang, Hongtao Yang, Lixiang Zhang, Yuhong Xu, Paul Anderson, Gheni Abla, Vincent Chan, John L. Doane, Andrea Garofalo, Punit Gohil, Chung Lih Hsieh, Ruey Hong, David Humphreys, Alan Walter Hyatt, Gary Jackson, Lang Lao, Yueqiang Liu, James Leuer, John Lohr, Mohamad Ali Mahdavi, Robert Olstad, Ben Penaflor, Ron Prater, David Piglowski, Michael Schaffe, Tim Scoville, Wayne Solomon, Mike Walker, Anders Welander, Manfred Bitter, Robert Budny, Robert A. Ellis, Nat Fisch, Rich Hawryluk, Kenneth W. Hill, Joel Hosea, Michael A. Jaworski, Egemen Kolemen, Rajesh Maingi, Dennis Mansfield, Dana M. Mastrovito, Jonathan Menard, Dennis Mueller, Novmir Pablant, Lane Roquemore, Filippo Scotti, Gary Taylor, Kevin Tritz, Randy Wilson, Michael Zarnstorff, Seung Gyou Baek, Beck Bill, Paul T. Bonoli, Robert Granetz, Ron Parker, Shunichi Shiraiwa, Josh Stillerman, Greg Wallace, Stephen Wukitch, Lihua Zhou, He Huang, Kenneth Gentle, Ken Liao, Perry Philippe, William L. Rowan, Linjin Zheng, Patrick H. Diamond, George R. Tynan, Nicolas Fedorczak, Peter Manz, Lei Zhao, David Brower, William W. Heidbrink, Yubao Zhu, Calvin W. Domier, Neville C. Luhmann, Chris Holcomb, Xueqiao Xu, Eric Wang, Max E. Fenstermarcher, Mickey Wade, Donald L. Hillis, Steve Meitner, Igor V. Vinyar, Vladimir Davydenko, Igor Shikhovtsev, Naoko Ashikawa, Kasahara Hiroshi, Katsumi Ida, Shinichiro Kado, Tomita Kawamura, Saito Kenji, Ryuhei Kumazawa, Ogawa Kunihiro, Isobe Mitsutaka, Shigeru Morita, Haruhisa Nakano, Masaki Osakabe, Mizuki Sakamoto, Yasuhiko Takeiri, Kazuo Toi, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, Nobuta Yuji, Masaya Hanada, Mitsuru Kikuchi, Atsushi Kojima, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Jean-Francois Artaud, Vincent Basiuk, F. Bouquey, B. Bremond, Laurent Colas, Joan Decker, D. Douai, Annika Ekedahl, Christel Fenzi, Eric Gauthier, Gerardo Giruzzi, Marc Goniche, Dominique Guilhem, Walid Helou, Julien Hillairet, Tuong Hoang, Philippe Huynh, Frederic Imbeaux, Xavier Litaudon, Roland Magne, Yves Peysson, K. Vueillie, Xiaolan Zou, Alberto Loarte, Richard Pitts, Tom Wauters, Franz Braun, R. Bilato, Volodymyr Bobkov, J.M. Noterdaeme, Qingquan Yu, Yunfeng Liang, Jonny Pearson, Michael Rack, Joseph Banks, John Fessey, Charles Monroe, Damian King, Stefan Schmuck, Hongjuan Sun, Paul Trimble, Tom Todd, Jun-Gyo Bak, Suk-Ho Hong, Sangong Lee, Bae Young Soon, Oh Byung Hoon, Chang Doo Hee, Lee Kwang Won, Luca Amicucci, Giuseppe Calabro, Silvio Ceccuzzi, Roberto Cesario, Flavio Crisanti, Edmondo Giovannozzi, Giuseppe Ramogida, Gianmaria De Tommasi, Angelo Antonio Tuccillo, Bruno Viola, Raffaele Albanese, Roberto Ambrosino, Lucio Barbato, Stefano Mastrostefano, Alfredo Pironti, Vincenzo Pericoli Ridolfini, Rory Scannell, Fabio Villone, Volker Naulin, Anders H. Nielsen, Roman Zagorsky, Sandor Zoletnik, Chijin Xiao, B. Madsen, M. Salewski, and Eugenio Schuster

Subjects
steady state long pulse, EAST tokamak, ITPA, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Since the last IAEA-FEC in 2021, significant progress on the development of long pulse steady state scenario and its related key physics and technologies have been achieved, including the reproducible 403 s long-pulse steady-state H-mode plasma with pure radio frequency (RF) power heating. A thousand-second time scale (∼1056 s) fully non-inductive plasma with high injected energy up to 1.73 GJ has also been achieved. The EAST operational regime of high β _P has been significantly extended ( H _98y2 > 1.3, β _P ∼ 4.0, β _N ∼ 2.4 and n _e / n _GW ∼ 1.0) using RF and neutral beam injection (NBI). The full edge localized mode suppression using the n = 4 resonant magnetic perturbations has been achieved in ITER-like standard type-I ELMy H-mode plasmas with q _95 ≈ 3.1 on EAST, extrapolating favorably to the ITER baseline scenario. The sustained large ELM control and stable partial detachment have been achieved with Ne seeding. The underlying physics of plasma-beta effect for error field penetration, where toroidal effect dominates, is disclosed by comparing the results in cylindrical theory and MARS-Q simulation in EAST. Breakdown and plasma initiation at low toroidal electric fields (

Published
2024
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5. Remote operation of the DIII-D National Fusion Facility

Author

D.P. Schissel, E. Cho, S. Flanagan, F. Garcia, C. Liu, M. Margo, J. Nguyen, P. Nguyen, C. Parker, B. Penaflor, T. Pederson, D. Piglowski, E. Rivas, R. Shapov, H. Shen, B. Short, T. Waddell, and R. Kalling

Subjects
DIII-D, Tokamak, remote operation, remote collaboration, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Full remote scientific operation of the DIII-D National Fusion Facility is now possible through significant advances in the computer science hardware and software infrastructure made over the last decade. Capabilities around information visualization, data movement, and communication have all been enhanced. The level of capability deployed to remotely operate DIII-D required an infrastructure advancement over what had previously been achieved in the fusion community. The large quantity of real-time data that is automatically displayed on DIII-D’s control room screens can now be visualized by remote participants via web-based applications. New audio/video solutions using the VoIP and instant messaging application Discord have been implemented to mimic the dynamic and ad-hoc scientific conversations that are critical in successfully operating an experimental campaign. Discord’s ability for a user to rapidly move between audio channels, text with images, and share screens is a significant enhancement over traditional videoconferencing tools. In addition, multiple combinations of broadcast audio are made available via a web-based application to allow remote participants to simultaneously listen to general announcements/sounds while conducting their own specific conversations. Secure methodologies have been put into place to allow remote control of hardware including DIII-D’s plasma control system application. Secure methods also included the ability of the on-site team to closely coordinate their work with remote team members which has been enhanced through extensions to the wireless network and the use of tablet computers for audio/video/screen sharing. However, no amount of software can fully replace the need for ‘hands on hardware.’ This infrastructure was severely stress tested during the COVID-19 pandemic where occupancy of the DIII-D control room was restricted. Operational efficiency during the pandemic, measured in discharges per hour, remained high (3.8 ± 0.8) compared to values obtained pre-pandemic (3.7 ± 0.8).

Published
2024
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6. Search for topological defect dark matter with a global network of optical magnetometers

Author

Afach, Samer, Buchler, Ben C., Budker, Dmitry, Dailey, Conner, Derevianko, Andrei, Dumont, Vincent, Figueroa, Nataniel L., Gerhardt, Ilja, Grujić, Zoran D., Guo, Hong, Hao, Chuanpeng, Hamilton, Paul S., Hedges, Morgan, Jackson Kimball, Derek F., Kim, Dongok, Khamis, Sami, Kornack, Thomas, Lebedev, Victor, Lu, Zheng-Tian, Masia-Roig, Hector, Monroy, Madeline, Padniuk, Mikhail, Palm, Christopher A., Park, Sun Yool, Paul, Karun V., Penaflor, Alexander, Peng, Xiang, Pospelov, Maxim, Preston, Rayshaun, Pustelny, Szymon, Scholtes, Theo, Segura, Perrin C., Semertzidis, Yannis K., Sheng, Dong, Shin, Yun Chang, Smiga, Joseph A., Stalnaker, Jason E., Sulai, Ibrahim, Tandon, Dhruv, Wang, Tao, Weis, Antoine, Wickenbrock, Arne, Wilson, Tatum, Wu, Teng, Wurm, David, Xiao, Wei, Yang, Yucheng, Yu, Dongrui, and Zhang, Jianwei

Published
2021
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10. Two Compartment Evaluation of Liver Grafts During Acellular Room Temperature Machine Perfusion (acRTMP) in a Rat Liver Transplant Model

Author

Nader Abraham, Min Zhang, Paul Cray, Qimeng Gao, Kannan P. Samy, Ryan Neill, Greta Cywinska, JonCarlo Migaly, Riley Kahan, Arya Pontula, Samantha E. Halpern, Caroline Rush, Jude Penaflor, Samuel J. Kesseli, Madison Krischak, Mingqing Song, Matthew G. Hartwig, Justin J. Pollara, and Andrew S. Barbas

Subjects
liver transplantation, subnormothermic machine perfusion, isogeneic rat liver graft, ischemia—reperfusion, graft evaluation, bile analysis, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

BackgroundSubnormothermic machine perfusion (SNMP) of liver grafts is currently less clinically developed than normothermic and hypothermic approaches, but may have logistical advantages. At intermediate temperatures, the oxygen demand of the graft is low enough to be satisfied with an acellular perfusate, obviating the need for oxygen carrying molecules. This intermediate metabolic rate, however, is sufficient to support the production of bile, which is emerging as an important indicator of graft injury and viability. In this study, we hypothesized that the biliary compartment would be more sensitive than perfusate in detecting graft injury during SNMP.MethodsTo test this hypothesis in a rat model, we performed liver transplants with DCD and control liver grafts after 1 h of acellular room temperature machine perfusion (acRTMP) or static cold storage (SCS). Point of care liver function tests were measured in biliary and perfusate samples after 1 h of machine perfusion. Following transplantation, rats were sacrificed at 24 h for assessment of post-transplant graft function and histology.ResultsAll point-of-care liver function tests were significantly more concentrated in the biliary compartment than the perfusate compartment during acRTMP. DCD liver grafts could be distinguished from control liver grafts by significantly higher markers of hepatocyte injury (AST, ALT) in the biliary compartment, but not in the perfusate compartment. Classical markers of cholangiocyte injury, such as gammy-glut amyl transferase (GGT), amylase (AML), and alkaline phosphatase were detectable in the biliary compartment, but not in the perfusate compartment. In comparison to SCS, graft preservation by acRTMP produced a significant survival benefit in DCD liver transplantation (75 vs. 0%, p < 0.0030).ConclusionTogether, these findings demonstrate that during acRTMP, the biliary compartment may be a more sensitive indicator of graft injury than the perfusate compartment. Moreover, acRTMP provides superior graft preservation to SCS in rat DCD liver transplantation.

Published
2022
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20. Progress and plan of KSTAR plasma control system upgrade

Author

Hahn, Sang-hee, Kim, Y.J., Penaflor, B.G., Bak, J.G., Han, H., Hong, J.S., Jeon, Y.M., Jeong, J.H., Joung, M., Juhn, J.W., Kim, J.S., Kim, H.S., Lee, W.R., Woo, M.H., Eidietis, N.W., Ferron, J.R., Humphreys, D.A., Hyatt, A., Johnson, R.D., Piglowski, D.A., Walker, M.L., Welander, A.S., Mueller, D., and Milne, P.G.

Published
2016
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25. Recent plasma control progress on EAST

Author

Xiao, B.J., Yuan, Q.P., Humphreys, D.A., Walker, M.L., Hyatt, A.W., Leuer, J.A., Jackson, G.L., Mueller, D., Penaflor, B.G., Pigrowski, D.A., Johnson, R.D., Welander, A.S., Zhang, R.R., Luo, Z.P., Guo, Y., Xing, Z., and Zhang, Y.

Published
2012
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34. Implications for ITER CODAC from DIII-D experience

Author

Walker, M.L., Ferron, J.R., Humphreys, D.A., Hyatt, A.W., Johnson, R.D., Leuer, J.A., Penaflor, B.G., Piglowski, D.A., Sammuli, B.S., Welander, A.S., Bongard, M.W., Gates, D., Hahn, S.H., McArdle, G.J., Squitieri, A.A., and Xiao, B.

Published
2010
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37. Plasma control system for “Day-One” operation of KSTAR tokamak

Author

Hahn, Sang-hee, Walker, M.L., Kim, Kukhee, Ahn, H.S., Penaflor, B.G., Piglowski, D.A., Johnson, R.D., Choi, Jaehoon, Lee, Dong-keun, Kim, Jayhyun, Yoon, S.W., Seo, Seong-Heon, Kim, H.T., Kim, K.P., Lee, T.G., Park, M.K., Bak, J.G., Lee, S.G., Nam, Y.U., Eidietis, N.W., Leuer, J.A., Hyatt, A.W., Jackson, G.L., Mueller, D., Welander, A.S., Abla, G., Humphreys, D.A., Kim, W.C., and Oh, Yeong-Kook

Published
2009
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39. EAST plasma control system

Author

Xiao, B.J., Humphreys, D.A., Walker, M.L., Hyatt, A., Leuer, J.A., Mueller, D., Penaflor, B.G., Pigrowski, D.A., Johnson, R.D., Welander, A., Yuan, Q.P., Wang, H.Z., Luo, J.R., Luo, Z.P., Liu, C.Y., Liu, L.Z., and Zhang, K.

Published
2008
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42. Physics operations with the DIII-D plasma control system

Author

Hyatt, A.W., Ferron, J.R., Humphreys, D.A., Chamberlain, F.R., Johnson, R.D., Penaflor, B.G., Piglowski, D.A., Scoville, J.T., and Walker, M.L.

Subjects
Control systems -- Analysis, Neutral beams -- Usage, Polariscope -- Usage, Stark effect -- Analysis, Tokamaks -- Design and construction, Business, Chemistry, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Published
2010

43. Plasma startup design of fully superconducting tokamaks EAST and KSTAR with implications for ITER

Author

Leuer, J.A., Eidietis, N.W., Ferron, J.R., Humphreys, D.A., Hyatt, A.W., Jackson, G.L., Johnson, R.D., Penaflor, B.G., Piglowski, D.A., Walker, M.L., Welander, A.S., Yoon, S.W., Hahn, S.H., Oh, Y.K., Xiao, B.J., Wang, H.Z., Yuan, Q.P., and Mueller, D.

Subjects
Control systems -- Innovations, Plasma devices -- Usage, Technical institutes -- Management, Tokamaks -- Design and construction, Tokamaks -- Electric properties, Company business management, Business, Chemistry, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries, International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor -- Management
Published
2010

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