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The paper briefly describes the book exhibition All’alba della stampa. Itinerari tra gli incunaboli della Biblioteca Universitaria di Pavia, set on display at the Salone Teresiano of the University Library of Pavia between March 4 and May 24, 2024. The aim of the event is to promote the Pavia University Library’s incunabula collection, of which the PRIN 2017 project - The Dawn of Italian Publishing. Technology, Texts and Books in Central and Northern Italy in the XVth and XVIth centuries helped to complete the identification of each material evidence within the Material Evidence in Incunabula database (MEI). Three itineraries are foreseen: the first is expressly dedicated to the first printing production in Pavia, followed by a selection of illuminated incunabula and finally a group of books printed in Bologna, chosen to pay homage to the partnership between the Alma Mater Studiorum and the Pavia University Library.

Durante la Edad Moderna se generalizó la difusión impresa de noticias políticas o bélicas, muchas veces complementadas con ilustraciones. Los grandes poderes del momento fueron los principales responsables de este proceso, al entender las capacidades que estos medios masivos tenían para construir un estado de opinión favorable a sus intereses. En este sentido, las Guerras de Italia tuvieron un papel clave, y muy especialmente la batalla de Pavía. La victoria de Carlos V sería dada a conocer mediante multitud de medios artísticos, en un momento en que el emperador aún estaba afirmando su poder. Dentro de este conjunto ocuparon un lugar fundamental los grabados y escenas en textos breves. En ocasiones, estas imágenes son muy sencillas y genéricas, pero también hay ejemplos muy atentos a la realidad de los hechos y el espacio.

The present contribution illustrates the documentation and setting up of a digital database of a portion of Bellisomi-Vistarino Palace in Pavia (Italy), a relevant historical asset due to its artistic value. Despite recent restoration work, there are still disused portions of the complex, including the garden, the loggia and the rooms on the ground floor that overlook it. These portions are the elements this paper deals with. The approach to a small portion of the building is a pilot case from the perspective of a broader work of integral documentation of the whole complex. The aim is to define digital support for diagnostic and restoration planning activities from the perspective to enhance and create a new cultural attraction for the city, using the Foundation of the University of Pavia, already settled in the Palace and their organizational skills and networks. This is achieved by structuring a tridimensional digital twin and database connected to it to monitor the assets and generate digital environments for cultural and touristic valorisation.

The present contribution illustrates the documentation and setting up of a digital database of a portion of Bellisomi-Vistarino Palace in Pavia (Italy), a relevant historical asset due to its artistic value. Despite recent restoration work, there are still disused portions of the complex, including the garden, the loggia and the rooms on the ground floor that overlook it. These portions are the elements this paper deals with. The approach to a small portion of the building is a pilot case from the perspective of a broader work of integral documentation of the whole complex. The aim is to define digital support for diagnostic and restoration planning activities from the perspective to enhance and create a new cultural attraction for the city, using the Foundation of the University of Pavia, already settled in the Palace and their organizational skills and networks. This is achieved by structuring a tridimensional digital twin and database connected to it to monitor the assets and generate digital environments for cultural and touristic valorisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the 2022 Padua Days of Muscle and Mobility Medicine (Pdm3) the next year's meeting was scheduled from 29 March to 1 April 2023. Despite the worsening evolution of the crisis in Eastern Europe, the program was confirmed in autumn 2022 with Scientific Sessions that will take place over three full days in the Aula Guariento of the Galileian Academy of Arts, Letters and Sciences of Padua (March 29, 2023) and then at the Conference Room of the Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua), Italy. Collected during autumn and early winter, many titles and abstracts where submitted (about 100 Oral presentations are listed in the preliminary Program by January 31, 2023) confirming attractiveness of the 2023 Pdm3. The four days will include oral presentations of scientists and clinicians from Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Mongolia, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands and USA. Together with the preliminary Program at January 31, 2023, the Collection of Abstracts is e-published in this Issue 33 (1) 2023 of the European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM). You are invited to join, submitting your Last Minute Abstracts to ugo.carraro@unipd.it by March 15, 2023. Furthermore, with the more generous deadline of May 20, 2023, submit please "Communications" to the European Journal of Translational Myology (SCOPUS Cite Score Tracker 2023: 3.2 by January 5, 2023) and/or to the 2023 Special Issue: "Pdm3" of the Journal Diagnostics, MDPI, Basel (I.F. near to 4.0) with deadline September 30, 2023. Both journals will provide discounts to the first accepted typescripts. See you soon at the Hotel Petrarca of Montegrotto Terme, Padua, Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2023 Padua Days of Muscle and Mobility Medicine (Pdm3) are scheduled from March 29th to April 1st, 2023. The abstracts collected during autumn and early winter of 2022 were epublished in the issue 33 (1) 2023 of the European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM). Now the last-minute abstracts are reported here (100 Oral presentations are listed in the final Program). All together they confirm the interest of very different international specialists, filling the four days of 2023Pdm3. Indeed, scientists and clinicians from Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Mongolia, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands and USA will gather to the Hotel Petrarca of Thermae of Euganean Hills, Padua, Italy. The apparent heterogeneity of the specialists, collectively raccolti under the umbrella of the Mobility Medicine neologism is stressed by the need to extend the Sections of the 2023 Editorial Borad of EJTM also here reported. We hope that Speakers of the 2023 Pdm3 and readers of EJTM will submit "Communications" to the European Journal of Translational Myology by May 20, 2023 and/or to the 2023 Special Issue: "Pdm3" of the Journal Diagnostics, MDPI, Basel, Switzerland with deadline September 30, 2023. See you soon at the Hotel Petrarca of Montegrotto Terme, Padua, Italy. For a promo of the 2023 Pdm3 link to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zC02D4uPWRg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archeologia dell'Architettura is the property of Edizioni all'Insegna del Giglio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents an application of recent management theories concerning the effect of pre-entry experience and knowledge transfer within the context of creative industries. The setting of the empirical research is the television situation comedy (sitcom) industry in the United States between 1949 and 2011. Specifically, we explore the factors that explain the survival rate of sitcoms and their spin-offs. We develop two sets of indicators to explore the effect of pre-entry experience: team similarity and star power based on the character/actor. Our findings show that spin-offs, or sitcoms that inherit character/actors and theme elements from a successful parent sitcom, have a greater likelihood to survive than de novo sitcoms. Even further, the greater the number of team members that not only worked with each other on previous shows but worked together on the same parent show, the better the performance of the spin-off. By contrast, star power, or the fame of the character/actor(s) that passes from the parent to the spin-off, shows no significant correlation with performance. We suggest that these results provide initial evidence that, consistent with the literature on spinouts in manufacturing industries, knowledge endowments represent an important source of performance heterogeneity in project-based industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the development and settlement of female monasteries in the urban contexts of the early Middle Ages. Through a preliminary focus on the community founded by saint Cesarius in Arles during the 6th century, the article aims to identify some elements recognizable in this context and to investigate them in other towns. Important aspects like the liturgical organization of different oratoria, the placement of the burial church for the female community, and the role in the promotion of saints’ cult during the high Middle Ages represent an interesting possibility of comparison, in this case with the reality of Metz, specifically with Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnains and Sainte-Glossinde. The last part of the paper is dedicated to a first analysis of the role and spatial organization of female monasteries in two Lombard towns: Milan and Pavia. Through a survey of the communities already existing in the 11th century and their position in the urban topography the paper opens to some remarks following the observations made for Arles and Metz, thus suggesting the necessity of an in-depth study of these north-Italian contexts.

The 2023 Padua Days of Muscle and Mobility Medicine (Pdm3) were held from March 29th to April 1st, 2023. Most of the abstracts were published electronically in the European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM) 33 (1) 2023. Here we report the complete book of abstracts that confirms the interest of more than 150 scientists and clinicians from Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Mongolia, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands and USA to gather to the Hotel Petrarca of Thermae of Euganean Hills, Padua, Italy for contributing and attending the Pdm3 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zC02D4uPWRg). The 2023 Pdm3 started March 29th in the historic Aula Guariento of thePadua Galilean Academy of Letters, Arts and Sciences with the Lecture of Prof. Carlo Reggiani and ended in the late afternoon with the Lecture of Professor Terje Lømo after introductory words of Professor Stefano Schiaffino. The program followed in the Hotel Petrarca Conferenece Halls from March 30 to April 1, 2023. The extended topic interests of specialists in basic myology sciences and clinicians, collected under the umbrella neologism of Mobility Medicine, is stressed also by expansion of Sections of the EJTM Editorial Board (https://www.pagepressjournals.org/index.php/bam/board). We hope that Speakers of the 2023 Pdm3 and readers of EJTM will submit "EJTM Communications" to the European Journal of Translational Myology (PAGEpress, Pavia, Italy) by May 31, 2023 and/or invited review and original articles for the 2023 special issue: "Pdm3" of Diagnostics, MDPI, Basel, Switzerland due September 30, 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The era of Spanish domination over the University of Pavia, which lasted between the magnificent period of the Visconti and the Sforza reigns and the times of the reforms of Maria Teresa and Joseph II the Habsburg, is considered by some researchers as a period of decadence and by others as a phase of purely formal continuity.Over the course of several centuries, there has been a transition from the idea of monolithic medieval university to flexible centers of higher education. From the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, the cycle of education at the secondary level was defined, which inevitably imposed its primacy over primary and higher education. In Pavia, the situation was no different from that of other European cities, on the contrary, it adopted certain values within the cultural policy carried out by the Spanish kings.The aim of the article is – using the example of the University of Pavia – to present the changes that took place during this period in secondary education and at universities. The humanistic heritage of the University of Pavia during the Spanish period was confronted with the regional education system, it had to overcome the periods of crisis, then to face changes needed and to create the premises for a deliberate deployment of higher education, which will flourish later under the influence of the Enlightenment.Source research allowed for the formulation of conclusions that the Studium Ticinensis can be considered as an institution that was developing efficiently, was characterized by a coherent educational system, which – like in other regions of Europe – appears to be a fruit of modernity.

The civil towers in Pavia are a distinctive element of the city’s architectural heritage, dating back to the Medieval Age as a statement of the lordship’s power and wealth. They constitute singularities in the urban landscape, with out-of-scale vertical development, whether in the original morphology or altered by subsequent actions. Furthermore, they are embedded in a dense urban fabric and therefore they are naturally associated with local risks for the safety of the urban setting and of its users. These peculiarities require accurate and complex documentation practices, and they foster monitoring and morpho-material mapping as preliminary actions to their conservation. The knowledge analysis that has been developed on the case study of the Clock Tower aims to systematize a documentation strategy for delivering an accurate and updated conservation status of the wall surfaces. Digital survey outputs are then developed as diagnosis tools to support intervention procedures, by highlighting deformations and deteriorations that could cause structural instability.

Il contributo fissa l’attenzione sugli echi della poesia di Carlo Porta nei componimenti di Siro Carati, cui si deve l’impulso alla rinascita della poesia dialettale a Pavia. Notevole è il rapporto con il modello, rispetto al quale Carati rivendica la dignità letteraria del dialetto pavese, proprio come lo stesso Porta aveva già fatto con il milanese rispetto al toscano. Del resto anche le riprese non si dimostrano pedisseque, tanto che nella traduzione libera delle Desgrazzi de Giovannin Bongee le memorie portiane rimangono in sottotraccia, fatte proprie dal Carati e intrecciate a innovazioni del tutto personali, che fanno de I dasgrazi ad Bortlamé Gandion un testo di per sé originale.

In late January 2020, the first cases of Covid-19 were diagnosed in Italy. A month later the epidemic broke out in Lombardy bringing along dire consequences. Up to January 23rd 2021, the region counted 522,000 cases, and 26.518 deaths on a population of nearly 10 million. For many weeks thereafter tens of emergency COVID-19 patients were admitted every day through the ED requiring further adjustments in the organization of the Hospital, always in close cooperation with the out-of-hospital Emergency network. Among these, important and time-sensitive changes took place in the role of Residents in Emergency Medicine. As residents who worked through the first and second wave of the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic in the Emergency Department, we would like to discuss the consequences of our massive involvement on the front line of the healthcare effort to fight it.

The example of the Hospital of San Matteo in Lombard Pavia, founded right at the turn from the Visconti to the Sforza Dukes dominion in 1448, in one of the most learned cities of Lombardy, presents a very experimental assistential building for the historical period in which it was conceived. Its foundation has also been related to the Dominicans of the region, since it was the local monk Domenico de Catalogna, who took initiative to plan it and obtain the necessary permissions. On one hand, San Matteo was influenced by the exemplary hospital of Santa Maria Nova in Florence, whose foundation went back as early as 1288 and which had obviously enjoyed a strong impact already in the Late Middle Ages from the Islamic skills in building this kind of structures. In fact, Tuscany continuously developed intense trades via Pisa with the Mediterranean neighbors, the Iberian states, Syria and Egypt in the first place. But there were more influences in Pavia: the transfer from Padua of the entire scientific library to Pavia in 1388 had surely enriched the latter’s university with a wealth of information from the Orient. For these numerous reasons San Matteo can obviously not be considered separately from a high number of parallel experiences, not only in Upper Italy, but also in the rest of the Mediterranean area and especially it can not be seen as independent from the innovations of the Arab scholars. It becomes therefore inevitable to consider the addressed topics in a global and highly learned perspective.

The civil towers in Pavia are a distinctive element of the city's architectural heritage, dating back to the Medieval Age as a statement of the lordship's power and wealth. They constitute singularities in the urban landscape, with out-of-scale vertical development, whether in the original morphology or altered by subsequent actions. Furthermore, they are embedded in a dense urban fabric and therefore they are naturally associated with local risks for the safety of the urban setting and of its users. These peculiarities require accurate and complex documentation practices, and they foster monitoring and morpho-material mapping as preliminary actions to their conservation. The knowledge analysis that has been developed on the case study of the Clock Tower aims to systematize a documentation strategy for delivering an accurate and updated conservation status of the wall surfaces. Digital survey outputs are then developed as diagnosis tools to support intervention procedures, by highlighting deformations and deteriorations that could cause structural instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The example of the Hospital of San Matteo in Lombard Pavia, founded right at the turn from the Visconti to the Sforza Dukes dominion in 1448, in one of the most learned cities of Lombardy, presents a very experimental assistential building for the historical period in which it was conceived. Its foundation has also been related to the Dominicans of the region, since it was the local monk Domenico de Catalogna, who took initiative to plan it and obtain the necessary permissions. On one hand, San Matteo was influenced by the exemplary hospital of Santa Maria Nova in Florence, whose foundation went back as early as 1288 and which had obviously enjoyed a strong impact already in the Late Middle Ages from the Islamic skills in building this kind of structures. In fact, Tuscany continuously developed intense trades via Pisa with the Mediterranean neighbors, the Iberian states, Syria and Egypt in the first place. But there were more influences in Pavia: the transfer from Padua of the entire scientific library to Pavia in 1388 had surely enriched the latter's university with a wealth of information from the Orient. For these numerous reasons San Matteo can obviously not be considered separately from a high number of parallel experiences, not only in Upper Italy, but also in the rest of the Mediterranean area and especially it can not be seen as independent from the innovations of the Arab scholars. It becomes therefore inevitable to consider the addressed topics in a global and highly learned perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On May 21st 2016, the sixth day of studies in honor of Franco Gavazzeni, promoted by Rosanna Paccanelli and by the children Giulia and Michele, took place in Bergamo, in the newly restored Salone Furietti of Angelo Mai Library. Since a happy coincidence has wanted that in those days was recurring the ninetieth birthday of one of Gavazzeni's dearest friends, Gianni Antonini, the soul of Ricciardi publishing house, spontaneously offered to the promoters of the initiative the theme of that day: the relationships between Ricciardi publishing house and Pavia philological school. A precious small book collects, thanks to the care of Sara Rosini, the results.

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Il saggio getta luce sul variegato rapporto fra la città di Casale e l’Università di Pavia quale luogo privilegiato di studi giuridici dell’élite monferrina nel corso del XIV e del XV secolo. Al rientro in patria, il bagaglio di nozioni apprese a Pavia consente a non pochi di costoro di aspirare alle massime cariche dello stato, tra le quali vi è quella di senatore presso il Senato di Monferrato e ad alcuni di ottenere anche l’incarico di presidente “senatus Montisferrati”. In questo modo, il saggio dà conto del circuito vitalissimo che intercorre fra il polo del Senato di Casale e quello di una scienza giuridica dotata di caratteristiche sue peculiari che non sembra fuor di luogo definire ‘casalese’.

A study was conducted on bricks sampled from the defense walls around the historic town of Pavia (northern Italy) erected during Roman (uncertain) and “Spanish”(sixteenth-seventeenth centuries) times. An analysis of colour, macro- and micro-chemical composition,mineralogical clusters and structural-textural features showed that similar raw materials were used in the manufacture of these bricks, although certain variations were identified: particle size is finer in Roman bricks, while the “Spanish” version contains ground carbonate and “chamotte” additives. The “Spanish” bricks,fired at lower temperatures, are more porous. The wide range of firing temperatures used to make “Spanish” bricks was very likely related to the intended use. The sporadic presence of maghemite is discussed in the context of the atmosphere prevailing in the kilns. The “Spanish” bricks are lighter in colour as a result of their carbonate content and lower firing temperature. These characteristics, which affect the weather resistance of the different types of brick, should be taken into account in restoration work.

This contribution is devoted to the tapestry cycle of the Battle of Pavia conserved at the Museo Capodimonte in Naples. Seven tapestries compose this prestigious tapestry set that commemorates the first military success of Charles V: the battle held in Pavia on 24 February 1525. Up to now the tapestries have been interpreted as independent panels representing different episodes of the battle. In this contribution we will show that the seven panels actually originated in one single design, which we rediscovered by assembling them in a different sequence. In fact, the panels provide a description of the battle in a fabulous and unique panoramic landscape: the most monumental siege city view ever conceived in the sixteenth century. This discovery not only changes our lecture of the tapestries, but also raises numerous questions that should be addressed in future studies.

The immense popularity as well as comparatively quick acquisitions of early Volta's inventions in Ljubljana, Idrija and Graz is attributed to the impact ofVolta's relative Count Franz Johann Inzaghi who headed the Idrija Mine between 1764 and 1791. The interesting fact was put in the limelight: already the great-grandfather of Francis Johann Inzaghi and Volta, Abondio Maria Inzaghi, was a head of Idrija mine for a decade. Franz Johann Inzaghi paid the printing of Ljubljana exam theses on the chemical and related sciences tied in a book of the Volta's favorite researcher of those ti-mes, the Turin professor Beccaria. The theses were written in style of Boškovi}'s chemical beliefs which Volta endorsed throughout his life. Inzaghi introduced Volta's early research of gases in Habsburg schools in Como and Pavia to im-prove safety in an otherwise stale Idrija shafts. Volta's chemical ideas were used for the purification of the Idrija mercury and for the production of secondary products, especially cinnabar red color vermilion in a new factory of cinnabar on the right bank of the Idrijca River in 1785. Volta's inventions of the electrophorus for multiple electrical charging and Volta's pistol - eudiometer for measuring the quality of air were implemented extremely fast in a collection of Ljubljana higher school physics-chemical cabinet. Inzaghi was still in touch with Volta after his return to Graz, especially during Volta's wedding in the year 1794. This is the first publication of family relations of Inzaghi and Volta. Inzaghi's apothecary was the first class Bohemian expert Ernest Freyer who worked in Ljubljana from 1751 to 1753 and established the Pharmacy in Idrija between 1754 and 1795. Freyer used local mercury for his remedies and amalgamations long before John Frederic Daniell (*1790; †l845) introduced his Voltaic Cell which produced about 1.1 Volts as one of the first to incorporate the mercury by amalgamating it with the zinc anode to reduce corrosion when the batte-ries were not in use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the experience of the combatants of the Battle of Pavia in Italy with emphasis given to their motives and suffering as well as military tactics. The battle opposed the Kingdom of France and the Holy Roman Empire and Spain. The author discusses the soldiers' motivations driven by money, reputation, and loyalty, forms of fighting including sieges and skirmishes, and their suffering including hunger, cold and fatigue, injuries, and death. Notable people mentioned include François Ier, King of France, soldier and statesman Charles de Lannoy at the service of the Holy Roman Empire, and Spanish military commander Antonio de Leyva.

Il saggio espone le fasi dell'affermazione di Pavia come capitale del regno goto e longobardo tra V e VIII secolo, soffermandosi sulle specificità della capitale in tale periodo, come la fondazione del palazzo regio e di edifici ecclesiastici regi, la continuità d'uso delle necropoli extra-urbiche tra tardo antico e alto medioevo e l'assenza nella capitale di sepolture dotate di corredo funerario.

In late January 2020, the first cases of Covid-19 were diagnosed in Italy. A month later the epidemic broke out in Lombardy bringing along dire consequences. Up to January 23rd 2021, the region counted 522,000 cases, and 26.518 deaths on a population of nearly 10 million. For many weeks thereafter tens of emergency COVID-19 patients were admitted every day through the ED requiring further adjustments in the organization of the Hospital, always in close cooperation with the out-of-hospital Emergency network. Among these, important and time-sensitive changes took place in the role of Residents in Emergency Medicine. As residents who worked through the first and second wave of the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic in the Emergency Department, we would like to discuss the consequences of our massive involvement on the front line of the healthcare effort to fight it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La conquista definitiva di Pavia da parte dei Visconti giunse alla fine di una vicenda complessa e drammatica, che vide diversi attori giocare un ruolo sullo scenario territoriale pavese: gli eserciti e le flotte viscontee, le potenze territoriali vicine come i marchesi di Monferrato, l’élite dirigente della città e in particolare la famiglia Beccaria. Il saggio esamina tanto gli aspetti tecnico-militari quanto la dinamica politica che si sviluppa in città. Sotto il primo punto di vista, l’interesse si appunta dunque sul ‘blocco’ che strinse la città, isolandola, nell’estate del 1356, sulle fortificazioni da campo e sulla loro dislocazione, sul ruolo della flotta fluviale Nella seconda prospettiva, si illustrano i contraccolpi che le vicende dell’assedio ebbero sulla società pavese, impegnata nell’ultima disperata difesa dell’autonomia municipale, sostenuta dal frate agostiniano Iacopo Bussolari in funzione di predicatore ma anche di leader politico: emergono dunque i dissensi e i contrasti politici tra i cittadini, la loro mobilitazione in armi, ma anche il fuoruscitismo.

The definitive conquering of Pavia by the Viscontis occurred at the end of a complex and dramatic situation, that saw diverse actors play a role on the territorial scene of Pavia: the armies and fleets of the Viscontis, the territorial forces like the marquis from Montferrat, the élite management of the of the city and in particular the Beccaria family. The present essay scrutinises in depth the technical-military aspects as well as the political trends that were developed in the city. Under the first point of view, the interest is, therefore, focused on the ‘block’ that tightened the hold on the city, isolating the same, in the summer of 1356, on the battlefield fortifications and their dislocation, on the role of the fluvial fleets. In the second prospective, the counterblows that the events of the siege had on the community of Pavia, engaged in the last desperate defence for the autonomy of the city, sustained by the Augustinian friar Jacopo Bussolari as a preacher but also as a political leader: therefore, the political disagreements and contrasts emerged amongst the citizens, the mobilisation to arms but also the discharging.La conquista definitiva di Pavia da parte dei Visconti giunse alla fine di una vicenda complessa e drammatica, che vide diversi attori giocare un ruolo sullo scenario territoriale pavese: gli eserciti e le flotte viscontee, le potenze territoriali vicine come i marchesi di Monferrato, l’élite dirigente della città e in particolare la famiglia Beccaria. Il saggio esamina tanto gli aspetti tecnico-militari quanto la dinamica politica che si sviluppa in città. Sotto il primo punto di vista, l’interesse si appunta dunque sul ‘blocco’ che strinse la città, isolandola, nell’estate del 1356, sulle fortificazioni da campo e sulla loro dislocazione, sul ruolo della flotta fluviale Nella seconda prospettiva, si illustrano i contraccolpi che le vicende dell’assedio ebbero sulla società pavese, impegnata nell’ultima disperata difesa dell’autonomia municipale, sostenuta dal frate agostiniano Iacopo Bussolari in funzione di predicatore ma anche di leader politico: emergono dunque i dissensi e i contrasti politici tra i cittadini, la loro mobilitazione in armi, ma anche il fuoruscitismo.

Abstract: Trace elements and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were analyzed in soils from rural and light-industrialized sites (n =168) of Province of Pavia (Northern Italy). Most of the trace element values fit in typical ranges of concentrations in soils and are similar to the ones reported for rural sites in Italy or sites with no direct anthropogenic impact. Total concentrations of 2,3,7,8 chlorine substituted PCDD/Fs in superficial soils ranged between 24.4 and 1287 pg g−1 dw (0.5–28.9 pg WHO98-TEQ g−1 dw). The North Eastern part of the Province presented significantly higher levels (p <0.001) than the rest of the Province for As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn and PCDD/Fs. While the existence of a defined heavy metal polluting source for this specific site has been suggested, in the case of PCDD/Fs, profiles were not linked to any specific emission source fingerprint. In the whole extension of Pavia Province, OCDD/F dominated the 2,3,7,8 chlorine substituted congener soil pattern, followed by the 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 hepta-CDD/F congener. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that this profile could not be associated to any described PCDD/F emission source fingerprint and was relatively similar to the baseline deposition of sites with no direct impact of PCDD/F emission sources independently of land use. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article focuses upon the life and professional activity of two eminent Italian surgeons, Antonio Scarpa (1752-1831) and Edoardo Porro (1842-1902), both of whom graduated from the University of Pavia. The author provides synopsized biographies for Scarpa and Porro, noting their courses of study while students at the university, as well as their subsequent areas of medical specialization (anatomy, ophthalmology, and surgery for the former, cesarean section birth for the latter).

Abstract: Pope Pius IV (1559–1565) was a passionate patron of letters and the arts, seeking to enlist them in his reform of the Catholic Church. He commissioned numerous architectural projects in order to house and represent adequately various offices and institutions. In Pius''s mind, architecture was an urbanistic art; his buildings demonstrated the reform and resurgence of the Church in the setting in which the faithful lived out their lives. Among his many endeavors, Pius sought to promote higher education. To support these efforts, Pius commissioned three buildings for educational institutions: the Archiginnasio for the University of Bologna, the Sapienza for the University in Rome, and the Collegio Borromeo for a recently founded college of the same name in Pavia. While these buildings share a common typology, they took advantage of the range of expression allowed for the type. The differences reflected the nature of the institution, allowing the buildings to be urban proclamations about the college or university. Pius''s buildings were important examples of the type. Examining these three seminal buildings allows us to understand how this important yet understudied patron employed architecture to serve his reforms, without demanding standard forms or requiring a uniform architectural language. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Very high resolution hyperspectral data should be very useful to provide detailed maps of urban land cover. In order to provide such maps, both accurate and precise classification tools need, however, to be developed. In this letter, new methods for classification of hyperspectral remote sensing data are investigated, with the primary focus on multiple classifications and spatial analysis to improve mapping accuracy in urban areas. In particular, we compare spatial reclassification and mathematical morphology approaches. We show results for classification of DAIS data over the town of Pavia, in northern Italy. Classification maps of two test areas are given, and the overall and individual class accuracies are analyzed with respect to the parameters of the proposed classification procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

: Johann Peter Frank (1745-1821) is generally known as one of the founders of the modern Hygiene and Public Health. It is less known his contribution in investigating the pathogenesis of spinal disorders. In his "De Vertebralis Columnae in Morbis Dignitate" (1791), Frank first proposed to use the Latin term "rhachialgia" (back pain) to indicate all the painful states of spine. He focused on the "plethora spinali" in the vessels of the spinal cord and its membrane, sustaining that blood congestion was the origin of all the spinal disorders. He also believed that the excess of blood was able to generate a "diffuse inflammation" of vertebral and medullary structures. The innovative concepts developed by Johann Peter Frank demonstrated that he could be worthily considered as a pioneer in the study of spinal disorders.Level of Evidence: 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]