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The topic of this paper is the description and analysis of technologies for generating a geometric basis for BIM. The main element is an analysis of the capabilities of mobile laser scanning and the outputs of this method compared to other methods. The selected interior space was measured by different technologies, laser scanning, classical geodetic using total station, and manual measurement. The main device tested was the ZEB-REVO. It is a handheld mobile laser scanner, carried by an operator. It has a range of 40 m, with the accuracy in measured lengths is 1–3cm per 10 m depending on the type of surface. The scanning speed is 43,000 points per second. The device is equipped with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and uses SLAM technology for trajectory definition. The device does not have a camera in the simplest configuration and the operator cannot monitor the scanning status. Nevertheless, measurement with this scanner is very simple. The instrument is mainly used for surveying construction objects, but it can be advantageously used for documentation of underground spaces or in e.g., forestry for defining DBH or volume of stockpiles. This device is not equipped with a GNSS unit, and the typical scanning time is 20–30 min without model deformation. Accuracy and output analysis was performed for all technologies used. The results are presented in tables and show the suitability of PLS (personal laser scanner) in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

H-BIM (Heritage Building Information Modelling) is principle and system of use of historic buildings that can be used for the management, reconstruction or renovation and restoration of monuments. It is a set of geometric and descriptive information about a building. In the last decade, several historical objects were documented using modern methods, mainly advanced photogrammetrical and laser technologies, for a wide range of users to get benefits from economically, safety, presentation, and life cycle management of historical buildings. The rapid development in geomatics is possible thanks to advanced technologies of data capturing, sufficient capacity of computer technology and transmission and information networks. The most used technologies are terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), personal laser scanning (PLS) or mobile mapping systems (MMS), terrestrial or aerial drone based close-range digital photogrammetry (using SfM – structure from motion technology and MVS – multi view stereo). Today's modern advanced technologies allow geometrical and textural data collection within a few centimetres' accuracy outside and inside infrastructure by various methods of PLS, photogrammetrical SfM and TLS. In terms of object visualisation, VR or AR (virtual or augmented reality) technology is proving to be suitable. The following text discusses the use of geomatics technologies for the creation of H-BIM on the example of a cultural monument in Skopje, North Macedonia, including visualization in virtual reality (VR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on modern methods of mining activity documentation and visualization. The development of technologies that allow us to display 3D models are many in recent years, from web portals, augmented reality using smartphones or tablets to virtual reality glasses. These technologies give us a whole new way of looking at and viewing 3D models. In this study, we will use most of the available options to visualize mining activities in the UNESCO-protected Ore Mountains. Each of these technologies needs differently prepared data. Because each of these technologies have different limits, we need to find these limits and modify the 3D models. The ZEB Revo laser scanner was used for data acquisition, which uses SLAM technology and is much more suitable for such areas than conventional terrestrial scanners, with which the work is lengthy and not nearly as efficient, and not the least of which eliminates the time-consuming post-scan work of merging scans. Especially when using scanning for mining, where there is not quite enough to go around, manually splicing scans is a nightmare, and automatic post-production merging is also often problematic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this contribution is an analysis of related technologies for data capturing for creating a digital twin of selected construction. As a case project a baroque church was selected. Four technologies were used for object modelling: TLS (terrestrial laser scanning), digital close-range photogrammetry SfM (structure from motion) as a terrestrial and aerial (drone) technology, and PLS (personal mobile laser scanner). It was possible to combine data from drone and terrestrial photogrammetry, the model was compared to TLS and proved to be sufficiently accurate. The data from the PLS were more complex (inside and outside) but did not contain higher parts of the building. However, it suitably complemented the entire interior. The complex model can be made as joined model from all devices and it is suitable for export to virtual reality (VR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution deals with the comparison of two laser scanners manufactured by Leica company. In BIM modelling, there is a need for fast and accurate gathering of spatial data, e.g. point clouds. Those data can be gathered by photogrammetry or laser scanning. Last years on the market, there occurred some light and easy-to-use alternatives to classic laser scanners. There were chosen two scanners that belong to the easy-to-use category. The first scanner is stationary Leica BLK360 and the second scanner is Leica BLK2GO which is a handheld scanner based on SLAM technology. Both laser scanners were tested on three different test objects. The first object is an administrative building, the second object is a historical administrative building and the third object is the vaults of the church. In all cases, only the indoor side of the objects was measured. The point clouds were compared to each other and the comparison was discussed. The parameters derived from the point clouds were also compared to the parameters read in the original documentation of the object. The comparison of the parameters may show, how those point clouds are usable for the final BIM modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the following article is to outline the method of a gathering of geodata for a historical building and prepare outputs for the Historical Building Information Management. The study site where the geospatial data was captured in the caravanserai in Koysenjaq in Iraqi Kurdistan. Caravanserais are simply accommodation buildings for merchants which were positioned all over the Silk Roads and are spread from China to Turkey. According to UNESCO the historic importance of such buildings lays in the cultural and religious traces left from the merchants who used these sites to even socialize. The caravanserai in Koysenjaq is unfortunately ruined and gathering geospatial data about the state of the construction was captured using close-range photogrammetry and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping technology. The goal of the research was to not only capture data but also reconstruct an orthophoto map of the current state, compare it to the vector state of the floors and prepare data for BIM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The suitability of biologic therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of moderate activity is currently being discussed. The aim of the study was to compare the results of treatment of patients with RA of moderate and high activity with the first anti-TNF agent in routine clinical practice. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients enrolled in the ATTRA national registry. In total, 2416 patients were enrolled in the study, of which 2231 had high activity (DAS 28 > 5.1) and 185 patients had moderate activity (DAS 28 3.2-5.1). Patients were followed for one year, and DAS 28 values were lower in the moderate group than in the high activity group at all intervals evaluated, p < 0.001. Low activity (DAS 28 < 3.2) was achieved by patients with moderate activity in 74% and patients with high activity in 52.2%, p < 0.001. Significant differences in favor of treatment of moderate activity were also found for other secondary endpoints. Furthermore, a comparison of patients with medium and high activity, selected by the method of propensity score matching, who no longer differ in the input characteristics, was performed. Patients with moderate activity are 2.4 times more likely to achieve remission or low activity according to DAS 28 after six months and 1.7 times more likely to achieve remission or low activity after 12 months of treatment compared to patients with high activity at the beginning of treatment. This extensive retrospective analysis of the outcome of anti-TNF therapy treatment showed that the therapy of RA patients with moderate is more effective than that of those with high activity because the desired goal is achieved significantly more often, i.e., reaching a state of low activity or remission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]