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Summary: Background: Aspirin may reduce the risk of several types of cancer. Objectives: To evaluate if folic acid is associated with risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Methods: BCC incidence was evaluated in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of aspirin (81 mg daily or 325 mg daily for ~3 years) and/or folic acid (1 mg daily for ~6 years) for the prevention of colorectal adenomas among 1121 participants with a previous adenoma. BCC was confirmed by blinded review of pathology reports. Results: One hundred and four of 958 non‐Hispanic white participants were diagnosed with BCC over a median follow‐up of 13·5 years. Cumulative incidence of BCC was 12% [95% confidence interval (CI) 7–17] for placebo, 16% (95% CI 11–21) for 81 mg aspirin daily and 15% (95% CI 10–20) for 325 mg aspirin daily [hazard ratio (HR) for any aspirin 1·45 (95% CI 0·93–2·26); HR for 81 mg daily 1·57 (95% CI 0·96–2·56); HR for 325 mg daily 1·33 (95% CI 0·80–2·20)]. BCC risk was higher with aspirin use in those without previous skin cancer but lower with aspirin use in those with previous skin cancer (Pinteraction = 0·02 for 81 mg aspirin daily; Pinteraction = 0·03 for 325 mg aspirin daily). Folic acid supplementation was unrelated to BCC incidence (HR 0·85; 95% CI 0·57–1·27). Conclusions: Neither aspirin nor folic acid treatment had a statistically significant effect on risk of BCC. Subgroup analysis suggested that chemopreventive effects of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs may be specific to those at high risk for BCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X (FCCTX) is defined as individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) who families meet Amsterdam Criteria-1 (AC1), but whose tumours are DNA-mismatch-repair-proficient, unlike Lynch syndrome (LS). FCCTX does not have an increased risk of extra-colonic cancers. This analysis compares epidemiologic and clinicopathologic features among FCCTX, LS, and 'non-familial' (non-AC1) CRC cases.Methods:From the Colon Cancer Family Registry, FCCTX (n=173), LS (n=303), and non-AC1 (n=9603) CRC cases were identified. Questionnaire-based epidemiologic information and CRC pathologic features were compared across case groups using polytomous logistic regression.Results:Compared with LS, FCCTX cases were less likely to be current (vs never) smokers; have a proximal subsite (vs rectal) tumour; or have mucinous histology, poor differentiation, or tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. There were no observed differences in co-morbidities or medication usage.Conclusions:FCCTX were less likely to be current tobacco users; other exposures were similar between these groups. Histopathologic differences highly suggestive of LS CRCs do not appear to be shared by FCCTX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and hormone therapy (HT) independently decrease the risk of colorectal cancer. However, their role in altering survival after a colorectal cancer diagnosis is not well established.Methods: We examined the association between the use of these common medications before diagnosis and colorectal cancer survival among women in western Washington State diagnosed with incident colorectal cancer from 1997 to 2002. Cases were ascertained using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results cancer registry; mortality follow-up was completed through linkages to the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: We observed no overall association between colorectal cancer survival and pre-diagnostic NSAID use. However, when stratified by tumour sub-site, NSAID use was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer mortality for women diagnosed with proximal (HR=0.55; 95% CI: 0.32-0.92), but not distal or rectal (HR=1.32; 95% CI: 0.83-2.10) tumours. The usage of HT was not associated with colorectal cancer survival overall or by tumour sub-site.Conclusion: Usage of NSAIDs before diagnosis may be associated with improved colorectal cancer survival among women diagnosed with proximal tumours. The usage of HT does not appear to have a function in altering colorectal cancer mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: 患有遗传性疾病基底细胞痣综合征的患者存在患上多发性基底细胞癌(一种皮肤癌)的风险。服用非固醇类抗炎药物塞来昔布似乎会降低风险。一些证据表明,包括阿司匹林在内的其他非固醇类抗炎药物在一般情况下,可能会稍微降低非黑色素瘤皮肤癌。在饮食中大量摄入叶酸可能与基底细胞癌风险略微升高有关。腺瘤是通常为多发性大肠(结肠和直肠)息肉;它们可能形成肠癌。它们可通过结肠镜检查和切除,但需要定期复查。阿司匹林和叶酸可防止这些腺瘤的复发。本研究的作者在美国和加拿大研究了超过1000名结直肠腺瘤患者(年龄为21‐80岁),这些患者参加了使用阿司匹林和叶酸预防息肉增大的试验,持续时间为3‐6年。作者调查了病理学报告,以探究服用阿司匹林/叶酸或安慰剂(无治疗)的患者的基底细胞癌发病率是否存在不同。在958名符合研究条件的患者中,104位患者发展为基底细胞癌。总体而言,阿司匹林和/或叶酸治疗对于发展为基底细胞癌没有显著影响,但是阿司匹林在之前被诊断为皮肤癌的小部分患者中似乎可降低皮肤癌恶化的风险。他们得出结论,阿司匹林对皮肤癌的防护作用仅限于高风险皮肤癌人群。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Patients with the genetic disorder basal cell naevus syndrome are at risk of developing multiple basal cell carcinomas, a form of skin cancer. Treatment with the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug called celecoxib appears to reduce the risk. There is some evidence that other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, including aspirin, may slightly reduce the risk of non‐melanoma skin cancers in general. High amounts of folic acid in the diet may be linked to a slightly increased risk of basal cell carcinoma. Adenomas are polyps of the large bowel (colon and rectum) which are often multiple; they can develop into bowel cancer. They can be detected and removed by colonoscopy, which is repeated at regular intervals. Aspirin and folic acid may prevent the recurrence of these adenomas. The authors of this study, based in the United States and Canada, studied over a thousand patients with colorectal adenomas (aged 21‐80) who were participating in a trial of aspirin and folic acid in prevention of further polyps, over a 3‐6 year period. The authors looked at pathology reports to see if there was a different incidence of basal cell carcinoma in patients on aspirin/folic acid or placebo (no treatment). 104 of 958 patients eligible for the study developed basal cell carcinoma. Overall, aspirin and/or folic acid therapy had no significant effect on the development of basal cell carcinoma, although aspirin appeared to reduce the risk of further skin cancers in the small group who had been previously diagnosed with skin cancer. They conclude that the protective effect of aspirin against skin cancer is limited to individuals with a high risk of developing skin cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]