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The output of complementary energy is the core of power generation system planning, and researching its configuration is the basis for realizing safe, reliable, economical and stable operation of the system throughout total life cycle. This paper comprehensively considers the constraints of power supply reliability and battery energy storage operation, and proposes a capacity optimization method for wind-photovoltaic-hydro-storage system aiming at life cycle cost and unit cost of electricity. Take the Northwest Region as an example, the optimization problem was solved by HOMER software, the optimal capacity allocation result was obtained. Compared with other solutions, the life cycle cost was reduced by 12.1%, the unit cost of electricity was reduced by 11.9%, and the load power shortage rate probability was relatively reduced. The result prove that the complementary system helps to reduce power generation cost and improve power supply stability.

Plant leaves can retain atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and thus alleviate air pollution. Herein, four plant species (Cerasus. serrulata, H. syriacus, H. tuberosus, and E. japonicus) from the central part of Shanxi Province, China, were investigated to analyse the dynamic changes in their PM retention capacity and grain size over five periods. The relationship between leaf morphological characteristics (leaf size and leaf surface microstructure) and dynamic changes were discussed in PM retention, revealing the influence of leaf morphological characteristics on the amount of PM retention and its composition. The results showed that amount and grain sizes of the retained PM differed significantly among the various studied species; however, the trends in PM retention of different species in the time series were the same. The grain size distributions of PM from the four species displayed a bimodal distribution, in which the main peak distribution range was 5–60 μm and the secondary peak distribution range was 0.4–1 μm. Leaves of smaller sizes and those with rough surfaces had a high PM retention capacity. Leaves with deep grooves are conductive to retaining PM2.5 and PM2.5-10, while leaves with hair are conductive to retaining PM>10. Therefore, the morphological characteristics of leaves should be considered when selecting the use of plant species to alleviate air pollution. Highlights Dynamics of PM retention capacity and grain size distributions of four plant species were analysed. Grain size distributions of PM retained on leaves had a bimodal distribution. Small leaves with grooves or hair are conductive to PM retention. Grooves are conductive to fine PM retention while hairs are conductive to coarse PM retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green biodegradable bio-based films have gained interest in replacing petroleum-derived plastic packaging materials as a new preservation strategy for fruits and vegetables to alleviate environmental pressures. In this study, we aimed to develop novel biodegradable composite films based on microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA). Our results demonstrated that the addition of 3% MCC to PLA could improve its tensile strength. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that MCC dispersed well in PLA at lower content while agglomerated at higher content. It was discovered that all four types of MCC/PLA biocomposite films could retard the color change of Lanzhou lily bulbs, accompanied by maintaining favorable total soluble solid, total sugar, total polyphenols, and flavonoid content, inhibiting the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the content of malondialdehyde during storage. Moreover, the preservation effect of MCC/PLA biocomposite films on Lanzhou lily bulbs was evaluated using a membership function, and the SSS MCC/PLA biocomposite film demonstrated a favorable fresh-keeping effect. In conclusion, four types of MCC from different biomass materials added to PLA-based products can be beneficial in improving the attractive properties of biocomposite films. These films are expected to replace petroleum-derived plastics as a new packaging material for preserving Lanzhou lily bulbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitooligosaccharides (COS), an important biological functional component, are mainly extracted from marine products, but its raw materials are currently facing challenges such as marine resources pollution and demineralization. This study aimed to explore Trichoderma asperellum as a novel source to prepare COS. The COS were prepared by the enzymatic degradation of chitosan from T. asperellum, and single factor experiment and orthogonal designs were used to optimize the enzymatic conditions for the preparation of COS. The composition of COS was performed by thin‐layer chromatography, high‐performance liquid chromatography, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The results showed that the degree of deacetylation of T. asperellum chitosan was 87.59%, and its enzymatic hydrolysis yield was 89.37 % under optimized extraction conditions. Moreover, the composition of COS in T. asperellum included chitotriose, chitopentaose, and chitohexaose. Compared with shrimp shells, COS prepared from T. asperellum showed stronger antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella bacilli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocean wave parameters (OWPs), including wave propagation direction (WPD), significant wave height (SWH), and main wave wavelength (MWW) can be typically retrieved using an interferometric imaging radar altimeter (InIRA). However, the inversion accuracy of ocean waves in Ku (15.8 GHz) and Ka (35.8 GHz) bands has not yet been evaluated due to the lack of field observation data. In this paper, to assess the inversion accuracy of OWPs in Ku and Ka bands, an airborne observation experiment using simultaneous Ku and Ka bands was carried out for the first time in Rizhao, Shandong Province, China. A dual-band InIRA (DInIRA) was configured with small incidence angles (4°–18°) and a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) buoy; a mobile weather station was placed at the intersection of the plane routes for validation. Afterward, the WPD, SWH, and MWW were retrieved based on the imaging of sea surface height. As compared with the field in situ data, the WPD inversion results of main wind wave were found to be consistent with the measurement environmental wind direction. The SWH inversion biases, retrieved by the Ku and Ka bands, were 0.38 m and 0.27 m; the MWW inversion biases for the swells were equal to 16.75 m and 3.67 m; and the MWW inversion biases about the wind waves were 2.32 m and 0.57 m. Ultimately, it was established that the OWPs could be effectively retrieved by the DInIRA, and the inversion accuracy of the SWH and the MWW in the Ka band outperformed that in the Ku band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food safety is an important issue related to the life and health of all people, and food packaging can effectually protect food from surface damage, mildew, rot, etc., while ensuring food quality to extend the shelf life, effectively preventing food safety problems. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are functional materials with special physical and chemical properties, such as a high specific surface area, high porosity and adjustable structure, which can be designed and adjusted according to the characteristics of different food packaging materials, so they have significant application prospects in food packaging. This review systematically introduced the types and properties of MOFs materials, summarized the methods to synthesize MOFs, and discussed the application progress of MOFs in food packaging by evaluating the safety of MOFs. Further, the potential uses of MOFs in food packaging applications were explored. This review may provide systematic insight into the use of MOFs for food packaging and explore new ideas.Graphical abstract: Food safety is an important issue related to the life and health of all people, and food packaging can effectually protect food from surface damage, mildew, rot, etc., while ensuring food quality to extend the shelf life, effectively preventing food safety problems. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are functional materials with special physical and chemical properties, such as a high specific surface area, high porosity and adjustable structure, which can be designed and adjusted according to the characteristics of different food packaging materials, so they have significant application prospects in food packaging. This review systematically introduced the types and properties of MOFs materials, summarized the methods to synthesize MOFs, and discussed the application progress of MOFs in food packaging by evaluating the safety of MOFs. Further, the potential uses of MOFs in food packaging applications were explored. This review may provide systematic insight into the use of MOFs for food packaging and explore new ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron-enriched Cordyceps militaris was obtained by adding FeSO 4 solution to the mycelia for biotransformation. The polysaccharide-iron (III) was extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. High performance liquid chromatography showed that the crude polysaccharide-iron (III) had three components. The second component was purified by Sephadex G-150 and named as CPS-iron-II. The average molecular weight of CPS-iron-II was 44.136 kDa. The content of iron was 2.73%. The monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the CPS-iron-II was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, galacturonic acid with percentage ratio of 0.94:3.12:27.01:36.62:30.20:2.12. The results of methylation analysis revealed that the CPS-iron-II was made of →2)-β-D-Glc p -(1→, with →2, 4)-α-D-Glc p -(1→ highly branched. Congo-red test showed that CPS-iron-II can cause flocculation of Congo red solution. The anti-oxidative analysis showed that antioxidant activity of CPS-iron-II was almost equal to that of Vc. The manuscript provided a new way for the preparation of polysaccharide-iron(III) from Cordyceps militaris. • Iron-enriched Cordyceps militaris mycelia were prepared through biotransformation. • CPS-iron-II was isolated from iron-enriched mycelia. • The structures of CPS-iron-II were accurately characterized. • The CPS-iron-II had good antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]